Unit 2 Natural disasters Section B Grammar and Usage教案 高中英語(yǔ)新牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)（2022年）

1、Unit 2 Natural DisastersGrammar and Usage教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)科目：英語(yǔ) 課題：Grammar and Usage 課時(shí)：1課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)：知識(shí)目標(biāo)：在語(yǔ)境中學(xué)習(xí)和理解不定式作定語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法。能力目標(biāo)：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的能力。情感目標(biāo)：獲取更多的語(yǔ)境信息，加深對(duì)主題意義的理解。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：不定式作定語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的功能及具體用法。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：在日常生活中能夠靈活運(yùn)用不定式作定語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。課前準(zhǔn)備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學(xué)過(guò)程：一、Pre-reading1. Greeting2. Leading-in教師活動(dòng)：讓學(xué)生閱讀活動(dòng)A，回答下列問(wèn)題：（1）H

2、ow did Mr Li know that the hurricane was coming?From the local news on TV.（2）What made Mr Li frightened during the hurricane?The power failure.教師活動(dòng)：讓學(xué)生完成A部分表格。To-infinitives as attributivesTo-infinitives as adverbials of resultI was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit.The ro

3、ads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.I had enough food and water to last a whole week!That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water

4、 everywhere!規(guī)律總結(jié)：When the to-infinitive is used as an attributive, it is often put_ (before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies.When the to-infinitive is used as an adverbial of result, it can refer to an _ (expected/unexpected) result. In this case, we often use only before the to-infinitive.答案：

5、after; unexpectedWhile-class教師活動(dòng)：介紹不定式作定語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的規(guī)則和用法。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)還保留動(dòng)詞的某些特點(diǎn)，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，只能位于所修飾詞的后面，可擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。We are looking for an apartment to live in. = We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. 我們正在找一個(gè)可以居住的公寓。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)可

6、表示還未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms. 明天將要出席開(kāi)幕式的所有老師都應(yīng)該穿制服。The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely attract many international tourists.2022年要舉行的冬奧會(huì)肯定會(huì)吸引許多國(guó)際游客。（2）中心詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或only/the last/the next等，或被這些詞修飾，后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。The next trai

7、n to arrive was from New York. 下一趟抵達(dá)的火車(chē)是從紐約開(kāi)來(lái)的。You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting. 在這么重要的會(huì)議上，你是唯一遲到的人。It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job. 人們公認(rèn)他是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。The manager was the last to come to the meeting. 經(jīng)理是最后一個(gè)到達(dá)會(huì)場(chǎng)的人。（3）抽象名詞ability，chance，opportunit

8、y，belief，way，right（權(quán)利），courage，decision，hope，wish，dream等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge. 多虧了你的鼓勵(lì)，我最終有了迎接挑戰(zhàn)的勇氣。Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a good chance to see your friends again.開(kāi)始一個(gè)新學(xué)期總是很令人興奮，這是一個(gè)再次見(jiàn)到你朋友們的好機(jī)會(huì)。His abi

9、lity to get on well with people is his chief advantage. 他與人和睦相處的能力是他的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。（4）something，nothing，anything 等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？（5）在there be句型中，作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式均可，但一般情況下用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。There is nothing to worry/be worried about. 沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。注意：在there be句型中，如果動(dòng)詞不

10、定式有邏輯主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞不定式只能用主動(dòng)形式。There is nothing for me to do today. 今天我沒(méi)有什么事可做。3.構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系（1）主謂關(guān)系構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，指的是被修飾詞是構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。We need someone to help with the work. =We need someone that can help with the work. 我們需要有人來(lái)幫忙做這項(xiàng)工作。In our school she is the onl

11、y student to attend the important meeting. =In our school she is the only student that is to attend the important meeting. 她是我們學(xué)校唯一一名將要去參加這次重要會(huì)議的學(xué)生。（2）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系當(dāng)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí) 不定式既可用主動(dòng)形式，也可用被動(dòng)形式；當(dāng)作后置定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句子的主語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；如果構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有邏輯上的

12、主謂關(guān)系，則不能用主動(dòng)形式。試比較：Do you have anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（動(dòng)詞不定式to send所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是“你”）Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么東西要（我或別人）寄嗎？（動(dòng)詞不定式to be sent所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）She has a meeting to attend today. 今天她有一個(gè)會(huì)議要參加。（attend 與a meeting之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與主語(yǔ)She之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）Do you have any homework to do? 你有作業(yè)

13、要做嗎？（do與homework之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與主語(yǔ)you之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）The secretary asked, Sir, do you have any documents to be printed? 秘書(shū)問(wèn)道：“先生，您有文件要打印嗎？”（print與documents之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但與主語(yǔ)you之間無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）注意：1.如果動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞或雖然是及物動(dòng)詞但不能與被修飾詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則動(dòng)詞后面必須加上相應(yīng)的介詞。We dont have enough paper to write on. 我們沒(méi)有足夠的紙來(lái)寫(xiě)字。2.如果

14、動(dòng)詞不定式修飾的名詞是time，place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上會(huì)省略。He has no place to live because his house has been burnt to the ground. 他沒(méi)有地方住，因?yàn)樗姆孔右呀?jīng)被徹底焚毀了。動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用于一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)中：too . . .to do . . . 太而不能做so/such . . .as to do. . . 如此以至于做She is so self-confident as to never feel nervous when giving a speech

15、. 她如此自信以至于演講時(shí)從不感覺(jué)緊張。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的結(jié)果”較為常見(jiàn)。動(dòng)詞不定式之前有時(shí)可以加上only或but only，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before. 昨天我去看她，不料聽(tīng)人說(shuō)她一周前出國(guó)了。The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree. 那個(gè)旅人猛然抬頭一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)上有一只豹。He left his home

16、town when he was ten, never to return. 他十歲的時(shí)候離開(kāi)故鄉(xiāng)，再也沒(méi)有回來(lái)。現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)多表示自然而然的結(jié)果，即句子謂語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)之間有直接的因果關(guān)系。Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy. 杰克取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，這讓他的父母很高興。教師活動(dòng)：讓學(xué)生完成P21 B1.參考答案：1. e 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. a讓學(xué)生完成第21頁(yè)B2，用動(dòng)詞不定式填寫(xiě)表格，然后回答下列問(wèn)題：參考答案：1. to find books about hurricanes

17、2. to find he was not in his office3. to attend4. to make PPT slides for my project表格：To-infinitives as attributivesTo-infinitives as adverbials of resultTo-infinitive as adverbial of purposeThis afternoon, I went to the school library to find books about hurricanes.參考答案：To-infinitives as attributiv

18、esTo-infinitives as adverbials of resultTo-infinitive as adverbial of purposeOur interview ended at 3: 50 p.m. because Mr Li had a staff meeting to attend.At 3 p.m., I arrived at Mr Lis office, only to find he was not in his office.This afternoon, I went to the school library to find books about hurricanes.I went to the school computer room to make PPT slides for my project.（1）Did Anna find Mr Li in his