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1、考點(diǎn)精析專題講座語法綜合演練第五講動詞和動詞短語考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四1連系動詞主要包括兩大類(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞:be/seem/look/appear/feel/taste/sound/smell/stay/remain/keep/stand/lie等。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么時候看見她,她總是保持沉默。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的連系動詞:become/turn/go/grow/turn out/fall/prove/come 等。The weather is becoming warmer and warmer a

2、s spring is coming.隨著春天的到來,天氣變得越來越暖和了。2某些系動詞的特點(diǎn)(1)be/look/become/turn/grow/seem/prove等還可以跟名詞作表語。注意turn后面跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語時,要省略不定冠詞a(n)。After graduation, she turned nurse.畢業(yè)后她當(dāng)了護(hù)士。(2)look/seem/taste/smell/sound等后面可以跟介詞like 短語作表語。If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man.(摘自2011安徽高考)如果你告訴某人保

3、持安靜,你聽起來就像一位老者。(3)be/look/feel/sound/seem等后面可以跟as if 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。It sounds as if you are from the south of the States.聽起來你好像來自美國南部。(4)be/seem/appear 等后面可以跟that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.你犯錯誤的原因是你本身缺乏信心。(2010四川高考)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefe

4、r to order what _ nice.Alooks BsmellsCfeels Dtastes解析:考查動詞的辨析。look為系動詞,意為“看起來”。句意:有些人用眼選擇東西吃,他們喜歡點(diǎn)看起來好的菜。smell“聞起來”;feel“感覺起來”;taste“嘗起來”。答案:A1grow, increase, improve, raise(1)grow“生長”,側(cè)重于人或物的生長、發(fā)育,也可指實(shí)力的增長。(2)increase“增加”,側(cè)重于數(shù)量上的增加。(3)improve“改進(jìn);改善”,側(cè)重于質(zhì)量的提高或改善。(4)raise “抬高”,側(cè)重于高度和水平的提高。The company

5、 needs to improve performance in all these areas.公司需要在所有這些方面改善業(yè)績。The price of oil increased.石油價格上漲了。2injure, hurt, wound, destroy(1)injure一般指在意外事故中受傷。(2)hurt是表示“傷害”的一般用法,既可指對肉體的傷害,也可指對情感的傷害。(3)wound常指外傷,尤指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害。(4)destroy一般指徹底損壞,常譯成“毀壞;損壞”。I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想傷害他的感情。He was wo

6、unded in the battle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中負(fù)過傷。3beat, hit, strike, defeat, win(1)beat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接連地打,擊”,還可表示“打??;勝過”。Our team beats the American team by eight.我們隊(duì)以超過美國隊(duì)八分的成績戰(zhàn)勝了。(2)上例中的beat不能用hit, strike代替。在表示“打;擊”的意思時,beat表示連續(xù)性的打擊;hit表示對準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)打一下,強(qiáng)調(diào)擊中;strike表示突然性或一次性的擊打。She hit him out of anger.她生氣地打了他一下。The tower was

7、 struck by lightning.該塔被閃電擊中。(3)defeat(beat)是指“擊??;戰(zhàn)勝”,賓語通常是人或集體。win是“(在中)獲勝”或“贏”的意思,賓語通常為war, match, game, prize, medal, respect, battle等名詞。He defeated all the other participators and won the prize.他擊敗了其他參賽者,獲了獎。4acquire, get, gain三個詞都有“獲得”的意思,但其側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。(1)acquire多指經(jīng)過一段時間的努力而獲得,獲得的內(nèi)容多是抽象的東西,并且一旦獲得很難

8、失去,如知識等。(2)get是一般用語,指“得到”。(3)gain往往指通過努力或有意識的行動而獲得有益的東西。He has acquired a good knowledge of English.他英語學(xué)得很好了。5adapt, adjust, adopt, attach(1)adapt vt.適應(yīng);adapt oneself to適應(yīng)于。(2)adjust vt.適應(yīng);調(diào)整;adjust oneself to適應(yīng)于。(3)adopt vt.采??;采納;收養(yǎng);領(lǐng)養(yǎng)。(4)attach 把附(在上);重視attach much importance to .非常重視。It is diffic

9、ult for me to adapt/adjust myself to the new environment.我很難適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。In my opinion, youd better adjust the plan.依我看來,你最好調(diào)整計(jì)劃。Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.他們因沒有親生兒女,所以決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個孤兒。1(2011新課標(biāo)全國卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning

10、to _. Adisappear BfallCfail Ddamage解析:考查動詞辨析。 句意:William發(fā)現(xiàn)他讀書越來越困難了, 因?yàn)樗囊暳﹂_始衰退了。 disappear “消失”; fall “降落;跌倒”; fail “衰退”; damage “損害; 毀壞”。 只有fail符合句意。 答案:C2(2012襄陽二模)Polk was _ by a democratic challenger in the last election.Adefeated BwonCcontrolled Dchallenged解析:此處表示一個人被另外一個人“擊敗”,因此應(yīng)用defeat或beat,

11、 win的后面只能跟表示“比賽;勝利”等的名詞。答案:A1break短語break away from 脫離break down 壞掉;出故障;垮掉break into 闖入;破門而入break out (戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)break in 破門而入break off 打斷;中斷break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分開;結(jié)束;制止Shall we break off and have a cup of coffee?I cant agree with you more.我們能不能停下來喝杯咖啡?我完全贊同。If you go on working like that, you will break

12、down sooner or later.如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作,遲早你會累垮的。2call短語call for 需要;邀請call on/at 號召;訪問call in 召集;召來 call up 召喚;召集;打電話call off 取消The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子們在公園高興玩耍的場景勾起了她對童年的回憶。3come短語come about 發(fā)生 come across 偶遇come to 共計(jì);達(dá)到;蘇醒 come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)c

13、ome up 走上前;被提出 come up with 提出come into being 形成 come into use 投入使用4get短語get about 四處走動;傳開 get across 傳達(dá)get away 逃脫;設(shè)法離開 get down 下來;記下get in 收割;到達(dá) get off 出發(fā);下班get together 聚會 get through 接通;通過get down to 開始認(rèn)真干 get over 克服get along/on with 進(jìn)展;相處 get up 起身;起床5give短語give up 放棄 give in 屈服give out 用盡;分

14、發(fā) give away 泄露;贈送;頒發(fā)give off 發(fā)出 give back 歸還;使恢復(fù)Many rich Americans have long given away money to charities, rather than to their children.許多美國的富人很早就開始把錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu),而不是給他們的子女。6go短語go against違背;對不利 go ahead 開始;進(jìn)展;進(jìn)行g(shù)o after/for 追逐;追求 go without 勉強(qiáng)維持;湊合go in for 愛好;參加;從事 go through 通過;經(jīng)歷;審查go over 復(fù)習(xí);仔細(xì)審查

15、go by 過去;經(jīng)過I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看電子郵件。7hold短語hold back隱瞞;控制(情感) hold out 維持;抵抗;硬撐hold up 使耽擱 hold on 堅(jiān)持;別掛(電話)hold together 團(tuán)結(jié)一致 hold on to 保留;抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住這套房子,這段時間房價漲得很快。8m

16、ake短語make up for 補(bǔ)償;彌補(bǔ) make out 辨認(rèn)出make fun of 取笑 make up ones mind 下定決心make sense 有道理(意義);講得通make good/full use of .充分利用make up 編造;組成;構(gòu)成;補(bǔ)齊;湊足Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick, by studying very hard.瑪麗不得不通過努力學(xué)習(xí)來彌補(bǔ)她生病時所失去的時間。9put短語put aside 把放在一邊 put away 把收好put

17、 down 撲滅;平息 put forward 提出put off 延期;推諉 put out 撲滅;生產(chǎn)put up 掛起;張貼;搭起;為某人提供食宿put up with 忍受;容忍10turn短語turn down 拒絕;調(diào)低 turn in 上交turn out 結(jié)果是;證明是 turn over 移交;交給turn up 出現(xiàn);調(diào)高 turn off 關(guān)掉turn on 打開 turn away 走開turn to 求助于;翻到Stella was disappointed to find her new plan turned down and fell into great de

18、pression. Stella看到她的計(jì)劃被拒絕非常失望,難以振作。1(2011蘇北四市第三次調(diào)研)The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11, 2011 _ made a great many people homeless.Abrought in Bbrought aboutCbrought up Dbrought out解析:考查動詞短語辨析。句意:2011年3月11日在日本發(fā)生的災(zāi)難性地震造成的巨大破壞使很多人無家可歸。bring about “造成;導(dǎo)致”,符合句意。bring in

19、“引進(jìn);賺得;提出”;bring up “養(yǎng)育;撫養(yǎng)”;bring out “闡明;生產(chǎn)”。答案:B2(2011宜昌聯(lián)考)The protestors urged their government to take measures to _ their carbon emission to reduce greenhouse effect.Acut off Bcut upCcut out Dcut down解析:考查短語辨析。由語意“反對者敦促政府采取措施減少二氧化碳排放以減少溫室效應(yīng)”可知應(yīng)用cut down“降低;削減;砍伐”。cut off “切斷”;cut up “切碎”;cut ou

20、t “裁剪;(馬達(dá)或發(fā)動機(jī))突然熄火;停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。答案:D1動詞與down構(gòu)成的短語break down 壞了;垮了;分解 turn down 調(diào)??;拒絕cut down 削減;砍倒 slow down 慢下來put down 記下;寫下;鎮(zhèn)壓 tear down 拆毀;拆除set down 記下What a pity! The car ran out of sight before I could set down its number.太糟糕了。我還沒有來得及記下它的車號,那輛小汽車就駛出了視野。2動詞與on構(gòu)成的短語depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠insist on 堅(jiān)持

21、carry on 繼續(xù);進(jìn)行keep/go on 繼續(xù) put on 穿上;戴上;上演feed on 以為生You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我一定會為你保守秘密。3動詞與out構(gòu)成的短語break out 爆發(fā) point out 指出carry out 執(zhí)行;進(jìn)行 turn out 結(jié)果是;生產(chǎn);培養(yǎng)work out 算出;想出辦法;健身 find out 查出;弄明白try out 試用;試驗(yàn) look out 當(dāng)心;提防Have you been working out?Yeah. As a matter of fact, Ive been going to the

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