高中英語Unit18Beauty短語.典句.考點北師大版選修

1、【短語典句考點】1. die out 完全消失，滅絕【經(jīng)典例句】That custom died out years ago.那種風(fēng)俗許多前就消失了。Millions of years ago, dinosaurs died out.數(shù)百萬前，恐龍滅絕了?！究键c聚焦】1）作“完全消失”講時，常指習(xí)慣、聲音、煙霧等消失，例如：Many old customs have died out.許多舊的風(fēng)俗已不復(fù)存在。2）作“滅絕”講時， 常指稀奇動植物滅絕。With the forest being cut off, more and more rare animals and plants are

2、dying out. 隨著森林的被砍伐，越來越多的稀有動植物正在瀕臨滅絕。3）由die構(gòu)成的其他短語：be dying for（口語）渴望，很想die away逐漸停止，逐漸消失die back植物枝葉枯萎 die down逐漸減弱，逐漸模糊 die hard舊習(xí)慣等難改掉，難消失2）辨析die of和die from 的用法：die of指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓等，die from則指由于外傷或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替?！净顚W(xué)活用】詞語替換：1.Tribes and tribal customs went away centuries ago.2.I am eager for

3、 a box of chocolates.3.Rabbits were dying one after another in that county.4. The tribes and tribal customs disappeared centuries ago.5) After the excitement of the audience became weak the speaker restarted his speech.答案： 1）died out 2）dying for 3）dying off 4）died out 5)died down課文句子和翻譯1. In 1878, w

4、hen Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “beauty is in the eye of the beholder ”, she was stating that there was no consistent view on beauty. 1879，瑪格麗特沃爾夫撰寫“情人眼里出西施”時，她聲稱，關(guān)于“美”，沒有始終如一的觀點。【剖析】1)這是一個主從復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “beauty is in the eye of the beholder ”, she was statin

5、g是主句, that引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句there was no consistent view on beauty. 2) There was no consistent view on sth.在某方面沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準?！就卣埂窟^去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。有下面三種情況：1）主要用來描述一件事發(fā)生的背景，當(dāng)從句是一個長動作，用一般過去時態(tài)時，主句是一個短動作，用過去進行時態(tài)，本句屬于此類。2）在過去某個時間點發(fā)生的動作，時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示，常用的時間狀語有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,

6、last evening, when, while等。如：Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger. 瑪麗在做衣服時，割著手指了。When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。3）在復(fù)合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 2. Traditions and fashions,

7、like society itself, change and adapt with time, so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 傳統(tǒng)和時尚如同社會本身，與時俱進, 因此，外面的審美觀點也在改變?！酒饰觥?）這是一個由so連接的并列復(fù)合句，第一個并列句是Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time , 第二個并列句是it is reasonable, 其中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是that our id

8、eas of beauty change as well。2）Sth. change and adapt with time. 與時俱進?！就卣埂縤t常常在下面的句型中作形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的從句：It is reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possible/ certain that 常譯為：那是有理由的/清楚/奇怪的/顯然的/真的/可能的/肯定的/。It也可以用作形式賓語，真正的賓語由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句擔(dān)當(dāng), 例如：I think it reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possib

9、le/ certain thatI think it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.此句型也可改為I think it reasonable that，其中，reasonable作賓語it的補足語，如：I think it reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 3. In 19th -century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer

10、considered healthy. 十九世紀的歐洲，婦女們身著緊身衣以塑身，而今這早已被認為是不健康的。【剖析】這是一個主從復(fù)合句，women used to wear corsets是主句, that is no longer considered healthy是一個限制性定語從句,修飾a body shape， healthy是形容詞作主語的補足語?！就卣埂?)主語補足語和賓語補足語可以互換。主動語態(tài)的賓語補足語在被動語態(tài)中，改為主語補足語。We consider him humorous. He is considered humorous. 我們認為他很幽默。2）used常常有下

11、面的三種句型：Sb. used to + do表示某人過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Sb. be used to + doing 某人對已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。Sth. is used to do sth. 某物被用來做成另一種東西。4. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized.過去，

12、一些文化把紋身當(dāng)作一種裝束的附屬物，用來展示家庭關(guān)系或是用來給罪犯打上印記，以易于分辨?！酒饰觥?）這是一個主從復(fù)合句，some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes是主句, so that引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句，含有情態(tài)動詞，稱為目的狀語從句。如：Now in the streets, many girls are wearing corsets so that they can look slim. 現(xiàn)在，在大街上，很多的女孩穿著緊身衣服，為的是看起來苗條。2）useas用當(dāng)作。如： In ancient times, animals

13、skin was often used as shawls. 在古代，動物的毛皮常常當(dāng)作披肩?！就卣埂?an addition 表示“一個附加的人和物”，常和介詞to連用。如：Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我們家多了一口人。下面是addition的常用短語：have an addition to the family 添人口in addition加上, 另外，常作狀語。with the addition of 增加in addiction常與to連用，表示“除了之外”。如：In addition to gene, i

14、ntelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment.除了遺傳基因外,智力的高低還取決于良好的營養(yǎng),良好的教育和良好的家庭環(huán)境。5. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at allrather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 在其他文化中，女人根本不想在

15、未來丈夫眼中顯得苗條， 而身材稍微豐滿、圓潤才更加迷人?！酒饰觥?）這是一個主從復(fù)合句，looking thin for a husband-to-be is not是主句, what引導(dǎo)一個名詞性從句作表語，稱為表語從句。looking thin是動名詞作主語表示一件事情。2)破折號起到解釋作用，相當(dāng)于一個并列連詞while。rather副詞，意為“相反地, 倒不如說 更”.3)looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 動名詞looking a little overweight是主語，本句用了被動語態(tài)，形容詞att

16、ractive作主語的補足語。4）此處的兩個look都是連系動詞，意為“看起來”，其后接形容詞。 【拓展】1）what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句表示“人或事物”，構(gòu)成主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，如：The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 情況更糟的問題一直在困惑著我。（同位語從句） The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said. 老師告訴我們他想收回他說過的話。（賓語從句）She is no longer what she used

17、 to be. 她不是過去的她了。（表語從句）2）what在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。如：Please tell me what you are doing here on earth! 請告訴我你究竟在這里干什么?。╳hat 在從句中作賓語，表示“什么事情”）It is the ability to do the job, not what she is, that matters. 重要的是（她）做這項工作的能力，而不是她是什么人。（what 在從句中作表語，表示“什么情況”）Are you sure what books he likes reading? 你知道他喜歡讀什么

18、書嗎？（what 在從句中作定語，表示“什么樣的”） 6. With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. 受社會，時代和文化的影響，沒有一定的標(biāo)準來衡量美。【剖析】1)這是一個主從復(fù)合句，there are no precise criteria是主句, which can be used to judge是一個限制性定語從句,修飾criteria， what is beautiful是

19、judge的賓語從句。2)with加名詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語，表示伴隨意義，作伴隨狀語，【拓展】judge 及物動詞，意為“判斷”，常構(gòu)成下面的短語：judge by /from appearances由外觀上判斷judge from the fact由事實上推測judge between right and wrong判斷是非so far as I can judge據(jù)我判斷, 我認為judging by /from 根據(jù).來判斷Dont judge by appearances.人不可以貌相。如：We cant judge what he really meant by doing so til

20、l we know all he did.我們只有了解了全部情況后,才能對他這樣做的真實意圖作出判斷。7. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. 假若我們用一套有限的標(biāo)準來看待美，人類不久將滅絕?！酒饰觥窟@是一個主從復(fù)合句，The human race would soon die out是主句, if引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. 本句

21、是一個虛擬語氣句，表示與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)的假設(shè)。 【拓展】 if引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，當(dāng)表示將來不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望或表示與將來事實有可能相反時，從句中的謂語動詞有三種形式：動詞的過去式，should+動詞原形，were to+動詞原形。虛擬條件句謂語形式主句謂語形式動詞過去式wereshould would could might 動詞原形should were to動詞原形如：If I should cut down my weight by eating little in a month, I would prefer to only drink water.如果通過少吃在一個月內(nèi)能夠減肥，我寧愿只

22、喝水。If it were Sunday tomorrow，we wouldnt have an exam.如果明天星期天，我們就不用考試了。（事實是明天不是星期天） If you were to visit the school，you would see me.如果你去那所學(xué)校參觀，你就可以看見我。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 如果我還會做這件事，我一定用不同的方法。 If I were in school again, I would work harder.如果還有機會去上學(xué)，我一定更加好好學(xué)習(xí)。 8. W

23、e are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. 受文化、社會和歷史時期的制約，我們能夠快速地、輕而易舉的判定外在的美。但是，內(nèi)在美才真正需要我們?nèi)ビ^察和領(lǐng)悟?！酒饰觥窟@是一個由but連接的并列復(fù)合句，第一個并列句是We are influenced, 第二個并列句是it is inner beauty tha

24、t requires us to truly see. 同時又是一個強調(diào)句。強調(diào)了inner beauty，改為陳述句為inner beauty requires us to truly see. 【拓展】強調(diào)句型是It is /was +強調(diào)部分that/ who+剩余部分。強調(diào)句的作用是加強語氣，把It is/was that .省略后，整體意義不受影響。 如：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.強調(diào)主語： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.在中，常常利用特殊疑問形式考查強調(diào)句。如：Who is it that educate us heart and soul? 是誰全心全意地教育我們？A Tranquil Night By Li BaiB