2022年中國人民大學(xué)自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年中國人民大學(xué)自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The system has several advantages. Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth. Instead, they can stay inside, watching by remote control. If there is no problem, they stay away from

2、the sheep. But when they are needed they can quickly go out to help, or to scare away foxes. The experiment is popular with shepherds because it means that they do not have to spend all their time outdoors waiting for the lambs to arrive in freezing weather.From the passage, we learn that walking am

3、ong the sheep _. A、is more popular with shepherds than watching TV inside B、can help the mother sheep to give birth to more lambs C、is the best way to protect the sheep D、usually disturbs the mother sheep that will give birth【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段第二句話Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which t

4、ends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth.可知D項(xiàng)正確。第2題【單選題】He said that the group _ him a letter and asked him to go there for an interview. A、have written B、had written C、wrote D、would write【正確答案】B【答案解析】“寫信給他”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在他說話之前，也就是過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。第3題【單選題】【2009.01】He insured his car_he had an

5、 accident. A、unless B、if C、since D、in case【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查連詞詞義區(qū)分。句意：他給自己的汽車投了保，以防萬一遇到交通事故。A否則，要不然；B 如果；C 自從，由于；D 以防萬一，以免。 第4題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your e

6、yes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.Which of the following

7、 statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A、Our biological clock resets itself automatically. B、Light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock. C、Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically. D、Our internal clock, like the alarm cl

8、ock, can be reset.【正確答案】C【答案解析】是非判斷題，根據(jù)第五自然段首句But just like（和一樣） your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.代詞 it指代biological clock，不是選項(xiàng)internal clock和alarm clock都可以自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。得到答案為C。A D 我們的生物鐘自動(dòng)調(diào)

9、節(jié)。B 光線通過我們的眼睛調(diào)節(jié)生物鐘，與原文一致。第5題【單選題】【2010.04】Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into five _ stages. A、moderate B、initial C、distinct D、advanced【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】專家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)正常的睡眠可以分為五個(gè)不同的階段?！驹囶}分析】本題考查詞匯。【詳細(xì)解答】形容詞的詞義選取。第6題【單選題】【完成句子】The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and ca

10、n travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of lightning that _ is ball lightning. A、occurs most infrequent

11、ly B、is shifted sideways by strong winds C、is often hidden from our view D、is estimated at 20 millions a year【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段文字與題目相關(guān)的句子是：Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball，關(guān)鍵詞是rarest（rare的最高級形式）與infrequently“很少發(fā)生，少有”表達(dá)相同的意思。第7題【單選題】【閱讀選擇

12、】The children dont just plan any city. They map and analyze（分析） the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect（建筑師）who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build mo

13、dels of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the clas

14、s enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected official and planning group make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom _. A、to find out kids creative ideas B、to discuss with

15、 the teacher C、to give children lectures D、to help kids with their program【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations可知答案為D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。第8題【單選題】【2007.04】The volleyball

16、match was televised _ on CCTV. A、alive B、life C、live D、lively【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查live的形似詞辨析。live可以作副詞，意思是：實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播地。符合句意。 第9題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】 Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes s

17、everal minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working _. A、to take tiny chips we require B、to making chips any smaller C、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds D、of conducting electricity【正確答案】C【答案解析】這部分所說的體積的減小和所需時(shí)間的縮短恰好與前半句中提到的冰箱大小的體積和所需數(shù)

18、分鐘的時(shí)間形成了對比。即：目前它大約像冰箱那么大，而且要用幾分鐘掃描一個(gè)電路，但是他們正在努力使它縮小到臺式計(jì)算機(jī)那么大，把掃描時(shí)間縮短到30秒。第10題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. _. That is at least as important as how much we know. A、Much of wh

19、at has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. B、He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. C、Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided

20、attention for four minutes. D、In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.【正確答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代詞we在D中才有呼應(yīng)的代詞，而且在文章最后出現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)句是通常論述文的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)，因此判斷D正確。第11題【單選題】_ he has enough money to buy the house, it doesnt mean hes going to do so. A、Grant B、Granted that C、Having Grant

21、ed that D、Grant that【正確答案】B【答案解析】Granted that：盡管，即使。第12題【單選題】【概括大意】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter th

22、e food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、The Nature of Heavy Metals B、Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils C、Heavy Metals and Food Chain D、Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human

23、 Food Chain【正確答案】B【答案解析】本段文字講的是：受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定不容易降解，其中的某些微量重金屬能使人致癌或中毒?？梢钥闯銎渲行膬?nèi)容是：受污染土地的潛在危險(xiǎn)，選擇B。第13題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. _. Unless the person real

24、ly hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. A、This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. B、This doesnt necessarily mean that it will go well. C、Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting. D、Both of you need time to get to know each other.【正確答案】A【答案解析

25、】抓住關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換，也就是afraid，選項(xiàng)中this fear就是對這種擔(dān)心的補(bǔ)充，這種擔(dān)心是完全沒有必要的，除非被采訪者確實(shí)是討厭別人問自己。第14題【單選題】【2009.10】_ he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查狀語從句的從屬連詞?！咀g文】 盡管（雖然）他有許多朋友，但他常常感到孤獨(dú)。第15題【單選題】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his app

26、earance. A、bear B、put C、place D、print【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查詞匯題?！咀g文】 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢牢記住：不要以貌取人。詳細(xì)解答】牢記在心：bear in mind 或者keep in mind第16題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Tom, a near-sighted young man, went on a blind date with a girl. The two were satisfied with each other. And they exchanged their telephone numbers. What can we learn ab

27、out Tom? A、Tom made a good impression on the girl at first. B、It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl. C、Tom was blind. D、Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從The two were satisfied with each other可知，相親過后，兩人對對方都很滿意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，湯姆第一次見對方就留下了很好的印象。B項(xiàng)所表述內(nèi)容在文中找不到根據(jù)，不能判

28、斷這是湯姆第幾次約會。根據(jù)文章描述，湯姆只是near-sighted，遠(yuǎn)不到盲了的地步。文章僅講述了湯姆和某一個(gè)女孩相親的精力，對他的個(gè)人魅力以及是否受女孩歡迎并未提及。第17題【單選題】【2009.10】_ he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】 盡管（雖然）他有許多朋友，但他常常感到孤獨(dú)。【試題分析】本題考查狀語從句的從屬連詞的選取。第18題【單選題】_ for your laziness，you could have finished the

29、 assignment by now A、Had it not been B、It were not C、Werent it D、Had not it been【正確答案】A【答案解析】句意：要不是你懶惰，到現(xiàn)在你就能完成任務(wù)了。本題是一個(gè)省略if的虛擬條件句，主句用could have done表示與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句應(yīng)用had done形式，had要提前構(gòu)成倒裝。第19題【單選題】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decade

30、s, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some s

31、erious diseases is connected with deficiency of _. A、industrially polluted soils B、the element of iodine C、rock and soil chemistry D、the persistence of heavy metals【正確答案】B【答案解析】通過關(guān)鍵詞Some serious diseases，可將題目定位于最后一句話：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. deficiency of和la

32、ck of表達(dá)同樣的意思“缺乏、缺少”，因此根據(jù)這句話可以判斷答案為B。第20題【單選題】There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives _ to the other. A、a way B、way C、the way D、its way【正確答案】B【答案解析】譯文：由于雙方都不讓步，討論陷人了僵局。本題考查短語搭配，give way to意思為“讓路、讓步”。第21題【單選題】【2008.10】It took a few seconds for her eyes to _ to the darkness. A

33、、allocate B、adopt C、apply D、adjust【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?！咀g文】她花了幾秒鐘時(shí)間使眼睛適應(yīng)黑暗?！驹敿?xì)解答】A 分配，撥出 B 收養(yǎng)，過繼 C 應(yīng)用，申請 D 調(diào)整，使適合第22題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tentative B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 不確定的、

34、試探性的；B 正當(dāng)?shù)摹⒂懈鶕?jù)的、有效的；C 技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D 徹底的、十足的。第23題【單選題】【2008.10】Never before _ so rapidly developing as it is today. A、has our country been B、has been our country C、our country has been D、our country been has【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查語法?！咀g文】我們國家從未像現(xiàn)在這樣高速發(fā)展?！驹敿?xì)解答】否定詞never在句首，該句子應(yīng)采用部分倒裝。第24題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Norwich, th

35、e capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.Q: The River Wensum flows by Norwich. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。答題依據(jù)在第二句，Norwich是River Wensum旁邊的一個(gè)小村莊，就說明了River Wensum流

36、經(jīng) Norwich。第25題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world. It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America，Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long, difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico

37、 and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood, an architect and artist, to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(瑪雅). Very little was known about the Mayas at that time, but Catherwoods drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples，pyramids a

38、nd other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors, the Aztecs. These cities, however, were deserted. The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.Stephens book astonished the world because _. A、it was the first time people heard about Mayas. B、the Mayas were

39、 excellent builders and farmers. C、he had experienced so many difficulties to find this lost civilization. D、it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization.【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞astonished，把本問題定位在第一句In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world.對下面的幾個(gè)重要事實(shí)的歸納概括就得出正確答案：D。第2

40、6題【單選題】【2009.7】The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well _. A、nourished B、stuffed C、tamed D、ventured【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查過去分詞意義區(qū)分。譯文：如果受傷的戰(zhàn)士營養(yǎng)很好，他們就會很快痊愈。A 營養(yǎng)，滋養(yǎng)；B 填滿，塞滿； C 馴服（猛獸）；D 冒險(xiǎn)第27題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Marian, the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the childrens book

41、is based on, was mayor. Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked goods. Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town, and the speeders went to jail, which was guarded by the sheriff, another kid. Elsewhere, boys and girls had battles, charging each others bases using spears ma

42、de with ocotillo, a desert plant. Who is Marian? A、She is the author. B、She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen. C、She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book. D、She guards the jail in the book.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞鎖定短文本段。本段第一句話給出了正確答案，Marian是最先寫這個(gè)故事的人，但是并不是這本書的作者。而且是這本書中那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的鎮(zhèn)長。第28題【單選題】【2009.10】_ he

43、 has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查狀語從句的從屬連詞?！咀g文】 盡管（雖然）他有許多朋友，但他常常感到孤獨(dú)。第29題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical construction.

44、We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syl

45、lables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.According to the passage, an adults reaction to rhythm in music would probably be _. A、uninhibit

46、ed B、indifferent C、restrained D、responsible【正確答案】C【答案解析】該題的解題依據(jù)在本段結(jié)尾部分“As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm”。作者講：隨著孩子的年齡逐漸增大，大人就會教他們抑制對節(jié)奏的反應(yīng)，等他們長大之后，他們對音樂節(jié)奏的反應(yīng)，更可能受到抑制。第30題【單選題】【2007.04】If the operation _ carefully prepared, it would not have been successful.

47、 A、was not B、has not been C、had not been D、were not【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。主句是對過去的虛擬，所以根據(jù)句意，條件狀語從句也應(yīng)該是對過去的虛擬，所以用had done的形式。句意：如果手術(shù)沒有經(jīng)過認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的準(zhǔn)備，它就不會成功。第31題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics.

48、The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP（人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the surveyChina was in the lower haft of the league at 60thQ: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。問題句說“美國位于前十個(gè)國家的行列”

49、。The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. 該句說“美國的人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值排名第2，僅位于盧森堡之后，因此美國在這項(xiàng)調(diào)查中位于第13位?！憋@然問題句的說法與該句的說法不一致，因此判斷問題句“錯(cuò)誤”。第32題【單選題】【2009.7】The house was quiet in the night, _ the occasional coughing from my throat. A、as for B、su

50、ch as C、instead of D、except for【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義區(qū)分。譯文：除了偶爾我咳嗽一下以外，這所房子在夜晚非常安靜。A 至于，關(guān)于； B 例如；C 代替，而不是；D 除了以外第33題【單選題】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very natur

51、e of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually

52、 compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Main Results of Recent Researches B、Popular Doubt about the New View C、Effect of Environment on Intelligence D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段提出了一個(gè)新的對智力的認(rèn)識，與過去一些年的傳統(tǒng)的把智力看做是一種不變的能力的這種理解不同，它主張智力和人的成

53、長環(huán)境有關(guān)。因此選擇C。第34題【單選題】【2007.04】The central theatre has a seating _ of more than 3, 000 people. A、capability B、capacity C、ability D、facility【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。ability主要指天賦的能力或應(yīng)用知識的才能，應(yīng)該是屬于那種已經(jīng)具備并發(fā)展較快的能力。如“He has unusual ability in science“。capability與ability不同的是，它不僅能用于人，也可用于物，如：Electronic refinemen

54、ts, however, have greatly extended the uses and capabilities of some of the older electrical devicescapacity指容納或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。如“The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根據(jù)句意，本題應(yīng)該選capacity。 第35題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four

55、years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age.Q: Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。Fermi在1938年獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，四年以后才建立核連鎖反應(yīng)的。

56、第36題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefi

57、t from taking in fewer calories partly because_. A、humans, worms and rodents are different. B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet. C、the effect is not known. D、genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題答案可從本段的最后一句話中找出。第37題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Many years passed

58、 and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements to see his father, he received a telegram

59、telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care things. When he arrived at his fathers house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young man arrived home, he felt _. A、sad B、disappointed C、horrible

60、D、nervous【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。年輕人回到家里，出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞sadness和regret，可以判斷年輕人的心情是非常傷心的。故選A。第38題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon; but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is