風險評估與人類工程(1)ppt課件

1、Risk Assessment Codes and ErgonomicsCOL Mary Lopez12 August 2003.Risk EvaluationBasis for decisionsPerception of riskAcceptability of riskVoluntary vs involuntaryNatural vs man-madeRelates to self-worth vs does not relateEssential vs non-essentialDelayed effect vs immediateCommon vs uncommonMundane

2、vs dramatic.Risk EvaluationEstimation of Magnitude of RiskUnderestimate familiar systemsOverestimate unknownLoss DimensionDeathProperty damageInjurySpectrum.Risk Assessment and ManagementIdentify and evaluate the hazardsLikelihood and consequencesAssess riskEvaluate expected loss or risk of each haz

3、ardSum over system operations and lifeHigh frequency / low consequence and Low / HighDevelop countermeasuresAllocate resourcesAccept residual riskSafety Value Analysis Limited Resources.The Long Ergo RAC HistoryDOD EWG EffortsIdentified need (Surveys, Acquisition)DODI 6055.1Medical RACs vs Safety RA

4、CsErgonomic HazardsRisk Factors (Posture, Force, Repetition, Vibration, Temperature)Body Parts Affected.Risk Assessment CodesThreshold questionsCriteriaSubjective (pain and suffering)Measurable physiologic damageMIL STD 1472FKey factors Magnitude of exposureDuration of exposureFrequency of exposure.

5、RatingCategorySeverity / Health Effect5Very HighPermanent total disability-Extreme frequent loads (87 lbs), forces, postures4HighPermanent partial disability / Temporary total disability (3 mos)-Heavy loads (56 lbs), twisting, highly repetitive and forceful, vibration (6 hours)3ModerateLost workday

6、injury / compensable injury-Moderate loads (37 lbs), repetitive and forceful, vibration (4 hours)Hazard Severity.RatingCategorySeverity / Health Effect2LowFirst Aid / Minor Supportive Medical Treatment-Moderate loads, repetition, moderate postures, vibration ( 2 hours), cold temperatures1NegligibleT

7、emporary discomfort-Light loads ( 37 lbs), occasional posturesHazard Severity.RatingCategoryProbability5Very HighLikely to occur immediately4HighInjury likely over time3ModerateInjury possibly will occur over time2LowInjury unlikely to occur1NegligibleInjury not possible (current science cannot determine if inju