BEC劍橋商務英語資料：高級寫作詞匯分冊

1、PAGE 寫作部分BEC HIGHER寫作部分主要涉及商業(yè)信函和圖表寫作兩部分的內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)具體介紹如下：商業(yè)信函第一章 格式問題1. 格式問題：請同學們在BEC的寫作中采用平頭式的寫法。收信人的姓名和地址置于信紙的左上方地址、稱呼和結(jié)束禮詞后沒有標點符號日期在右上方段落從定格開始，段落之間的行距為兩行（但在考試中由于受答題卡限制，請同學們酌情考慮）寫信人的名字和頭銜在簽名下方2. 稱呼和結(jié)束禮詞的注意事項：稱呼的寫法遵循下列原則：Dear Sir or Madam寫信給某一公司，不確定具體的收信人Dear Sir對男士，但是你不知道他的具體姓名Dear Madam對女士，但是你不知道他的具體姓名

2、Dear Mr Smith對男士Dear Ms Smith對已婚或未婚的女士Dear Mrs Smith對已婚女士Dear Miss Smith對未婚女士Dear John (此處John 為英語中常用男名)對朋友或你比較熟悉的人（通常為多年生意伙伴）稱呼與結(jié)束禮詞存在對應的關(guān)系，請同學們特別注意：Dear Sir or MadamYours faithfullyDear Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss SmithYours sincerelyDear JohnBest wishes以下均為錯誤用法：Dear Mr John Dear Mr John Smith3. 日期：在英國英語中，天在前，

3、但是在美國英語中，月份在前。所以某些特別的時期容易引起誤解。例如：12 06 2003在英國指的是：6月21日在美國指的是：12月6日因此日期要寫成：12 June 2003 注釋：在bec考試中同學們可以采用恩波所推薦的用法。但是12 06 2003 的用法仍然是可以使用的，因為bec為英版考試。在使用恩波推薦的用法時，要記住月份使用大些字母開頭。天后不必寫th、rd、nd或者st。第二章 寫法問題預備參加bec考試的同學們由于缺乏商務寫作的實際經(jīng)驗，對于寫作部分都比較郁悶。恩波結(jié)合歷年考試實際，為大家準備了15類共計50個經(jīng)典的實戰(zhàn)句型，供大家在考場上使用。我們對每一個句型都模擬了一種環(huán)境

4、：1. 信件的開頭：We are writing to enquire aboutWe are writing in connection withWe are interested in and we would like to know環(huán)境：You want to know the prices of some air conditioners.We are interested in your air conditioner and we would like to know the prices of some air conditioners.You saw an advertise

5、ment in the newspaper yesterday and you want further information.We are writing in connection with the advertisement in the newspaper yesterday.You want to know if the company you are writing to organizes holidays to Africa.We are writing to inquire about the holidays to Africa that your company org

6、anizes.2. 回信的開頭：Thank you for your letter of (date)We have received your letter of (date)asking if enquiring about enclosing concerning 環(huán)境：A company wrote to you on 23 July. They wanted to know if you sell photocopiers.Thank you for your letter of 23 July, asking if we sell photocopiers.A man wrote

7、to you on 18 December. He wanted employment with your company. He also sent his curriculum vitae.We have received your letter of 18 December, enclosing your curriculum vitae.A company sent you a fax on 3 June. They wanted to know if you were going to the marketing conference in London.Thank you for

8、your fax of 3 June, asking if I was going to the marketing conference in London. A woman telephoned you this morning. She wanted to know if her order No. 599 had arrived. Thank you for your telephone call this morning concerning the order No. 599.3. 信件的結(jié)尾：一般結(jié)尾：I look forward to receiving your reply/

9、order/products/ect.Looking forward to hearing from you.如果你在信件中提供了信息：I hope that this information will help you.Please contact me if you need any further information.Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions.Please let me know if you need any further information.4. 引入主題：With re

10、ference to Further to With regard to I am writing in connection with 注：引入主題的句子可以被寫在信件的開頭，但with regard to 不能用于信件的開頭。環(huán)境：(how would you start a letter about each of the following?)an invoice (No. 679) for a photocopierWith reference to Invoice No. 679, we regret to tell you that the product arrived in

11、bad condition. a meeting you had with the addressee on Jan. 16thFurther to the meeting on 16 January, I am delighted to tell you that we are now able to give you a special offer for our Peach Series computer.an advertisement in the times newspaperI am writing in connection with the advertisement in

12、the times newspaper yesterday.an application for a post as secretary in your companyI am writing in connection with your application for a post as secretary in our company.a fax order for six computers that you received todaywith reference to your fax order for six computer, I regret to tell you tha

13、t they are out of stock at present.5. 告知好、壞消息：好消息：I ampleaseddelightedhappytotellinformadviseyou that 壞消息：Iregretam sorrytotell informadviseyou that We regret that 環(huán)境：（complete these sentences using phrases for referring and giving good or bad news.）a. _ your order for some cupboards, _ we have had

14、to increase the price.b. _ your application for a post as secretary, _ that we would like you to start work as soon as possible. c. _ your application for a post as secretary, _ that you were not successful.d. _ our telephone conversation this morning, _ that your car is now ready for you to collect

15、. 6. 說明你所能做的和不能做的：We are unable to We are able to We have been forced to 環(huán)境：You cannot lower your prices.We regret that we are unable to reduce out prices.You have had to raise your prices because the government has increased the sales tax.We have been forced to raise our prices because the governme

16、nt has increased the sales tax.However, you can give them a discount of 5% if their order is for more than $8,000.We are able to give you a discount of 5% if your order is more than $8,000.With regard to their second question, you cannot accept payment in Egyptian pounds but you can accept US dollar

17、s or Euros. We are sorry that we are unable to accept payments in Egyptian pounds but we are able to accept US dollars or Euros.7. 說明原因：This is owing to due to a result of because of 注：owing to 通常用于不好的消息。如果想在原因中使用動詞，請加上the fact that的從句。環(huán)境：increase prices fall of the dollarWe have been force to incre

18、ase our prices. This is owing to the fall of the dollar.Delay the delivery of the goods strike by airline pilotsWe have been forced to delay the delivery of the goods. This is owing to the strike by airline pilots.Increase all salaries by 10% rise in salesWe are able to increase all salaries by 10%.

19、 This is the result of a big rise in sales.Cut all salaries by 10% fall in salesWe have been forced to cut all salaries by 10%. This is due to the fact that there has been a fall in sales in the past ten months.Cannot deliver your new order we have not received your payment fro the last orderWe regr

20、et that we are unable to deliver your new order immediately. This is owing to the fact that we have not received your payment for the last order.Cancel the meeting a lot of staff have been illWe have been forced to cancel the meeting. This is because some members of our staff have been ill.8. 請求采取行動

21、：Please could you We would be grateful if you could We would be appreciate it if you could as soon as possible.without delay.immediately.注：please could you 是最直接的方式。在要求一些一般性的事情時，可以使用這種表達。環(huán)境：You have seen an advertisement in the newspaper for a post as office manger. You want an application form.I wou

22、ld appreciate it if you could send me an application form.The photocopier in your office has broken down. You want to have it repaired, quickly.We would be grateful if you could send a repairman to fix our photocopier as soon as possible.You have moved your office and you want the post office to for

23、ward your letters to your new address.Please could you forward my letters to my new address.You want the telephone company to put another telephone in your office. You need it urgently.We would appreciate it if you could put another telephone in our office immediately.You have written to a company a

24、nd you want them to reply quickly.I would be grateful if you could give us a reply quickly.9. 抱歉：We must apologize for We apologize for We are extremely sorry for 注：以上句型后請使用動詞ing形式。以上句型中的for可以換成that，然后用從句表達。一般來說，解釋產(chǎn)生問題的原因，然后在信的結(jié)尾處再次表達歉意。再次抱歉：Please accept our apologies once again.We hope that this h

25、as not caused you any inconvenience.With apologies once again.10. 要求提供信息：Please could youWe would be grateful if you couldWe would appreciate it if you couldgive us further details about .inform us (about/if) let us know ( about/if ) We would like to know ( about/if ) 注：如果需要特別重要的信息，可以在以上句型前使用：in par

26、ticular。環(huán)境：You wrote a letter to someone and they havent replied. You want to know if they received the letter. We would be grateful if you could let us know if the letter has reached you.A businessman is going to your country. He wants you to get a visa for him. You need all the details about his p

27、assport (his nationality, date of birth, where his passport was issued, and when it expires).Please could you give details about your passport. I would like to know your nationality, date of birth, where your passport was issued and when it expires.You want to know about the same businessmans flight

28、 (flight number, date and time of arrival).In particular, I would like to know your flight number, date and time of arrival.11. 輕度抱怨：Unfortunately, + 表示 something is wrong 的句子環(huán)境：A company has sent you a bill for the wrong goods.Unfortunately you sent us a bill for the wrong goods. Please could you s

29、end us a correct bill as soon as possible.Your new photocopier has broken down. You have to write to the company who sold it to you.Unfortunately our new photocopier has broken down. Please could you send a repairman to fix it for us as soon as possible.Two temporary secretaries do not speak English

30、. You have to write to the agency who sent them to you.Unfortunately two temporary secretaries you recommended to us do not speak English. We would be grateful if you could recommend two more who could speak English.You keep receiving letters for someone else. You have to write to the post office.Un

31、fortunately I keep receiving letters for someone else. Please could you make the address clear before you deliver letters every day.12. 提醒某人對某事的注意：I should like to draw your attention to (the fact that)I should like to point out that 如果你提醒的事情對方已經(jīng)知道（你想表達你的生氣）：I should like to remind you thatI hope th

32、at it is not necessary to remind you that 環(huán)境：One of your staff keeps parking his car in front of the main door, the space which is reserved for the MD.I should like to remind you that the space in front of the main door is reserved for the MD.Someone is interested in purchasing a large quantity of y

33、our simplex cameras. Tell him about 25% discount for large orders.I should like t draw your attention to the fact that we offer about 25% discount for larger orders.One of your staff arrives half an hour late for work every day. (She should start at 9.30.)I hope that it is not necessary to remind yo

34、u that work start at 9: 30 every day.Someone is interested in your products. Tell him that you guarantee that your prices are the largest in the country.I should like to point out that we guarantee that all prices are the lowest in the country.13. 要求某人采取行動：We must insist that DO （DO指動詞原型）注：請注意這一句型和句

35、型8的區(qū)別。環(huán)境：We must insist that you deliver the goods immediately.14. 警告：UnlessIf(not)We will be forced to 環(huán)境：(What warnings would you give these people?)A company that has not paid your billUnless you pay the bill, we will be forced to take legal actions.Another company that is using your companys car

36、 parkIf you do not move your car away from our park, we will be forced to turn to the police.An employee who always arrives late for workUnless you come to work on time, we will be forced to fire you.A builder who has left a lot of their tools in your officeIf you do not take your tools from our off

37、ice, we will be forced to throw them away.15. 強烈抱怨：注：強烈抱怨遵循以下步驟：a. 闡述發(fā)生的問題：it is now over nine months since we placed this order and we are still waiting for the cabinets.b. 使用句型12：I should like to point out that we have already paid for these cabinets.c. 使用句型 13：we must insist that you deliver them

38、 immediately.d. 使用句型14：unless we hear from you within 7 days we will take legal action.第三章 寫作后的檢查（包括圖表寫作）檢查的四個主要方面：1.標點符號：完全禁用的符號：“” 。2.拼寫：雙寫輔音y改成復數(shù)3.語法：主謂一致冠詞次序介詞時態(tài)漏詞4.可能導致信息表達不清的因素：太長的段落太長的句子運用不常使用的詞匯一次包含太多的信息信息不完整信息順序混亂圖表作文對于線性圖表的描述上升1. 對于上升趨勢的描述：a. 可以使用的動詞或動詞詞組：to increaseto go upto riseto growt

39、o jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名詞：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend2. 對于上升到某個位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的動詞to具體數(shù)據(jù)。b. 1. a. 中的動詞tothe peak of具體數(shù)據(jù)。c. 1. a. 中的動詞reaching the peak of +具體數(shù)據(jù)。d. 1. a. 中的動詞reaching + 具體數(shù)據(jù)。e. to peak at 具體數(shù)據(jù)f. to climb to + 具體數(shù)據(jù)3. 對于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的動詞by

40、具體數(shù)據(jù)。b. 1. a. 中的動詞副詞。（見下降1. 對于下降趨勢的描述：a. 可以使用的動詞或動詞詞組：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名詞：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop2. 對于下降到某個位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的動詞to具體數(shù)據(jù)。b. 1. a. 中的動詞tothe bottom of具體數(shù)據(jù)。c. 1. a. 中的動詞reaching the bottom of +具體數(shù)據(jù)。d. 1. a. 中的動詞reachi

41、ng + 具體數(shù)據(jù)。3. 對于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的動詞by 具體數(shù)據(jù)。b. 1. a. 中的動詞副詞。對于平穩(wěn)的趨勢的描述，可以使用的動詞或動詞詞組：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same表示程度的副詞：1. 程度較大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2. 程度較?。簊ligh

42、tlygraduallyslowlysteadily時間的嵌入嵌入時間時所使用的介詞和介詞詞組：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout 時間s + 具體數(shù)據(jù)上升和下降趨勢的組合描述（嵌入了時間和程度之后）：1. 先上升后下降的句型： increased slowly during and but fell sharply in .A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .2. 先下降

43、后上升的句型： fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波動的句型： fluctuated sharply all through 4. 波動不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and 柱狀圖形的描述轉(zhuǎn)換為線

44、形圖形的描述餅狀圖形的描述對于百分比進行描述所使用的句型： % the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chart趨勢的比較1. 表示相似的句型 (實例) ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差異的句型（實例）：X fell sharply whereas/

45、while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍數(shù)的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in 4. 客觀比較的句型： is in contrast to 數(shù)據(jù)的修飾1. 表示不足的詞或詞組：up tobelowunderalmostnearly2. 表示超過的詞或詞組：overmore thanjust over3. 表示大約的詞：about學生用書詞

46、匯總結(jié)Unit One aManagement consultancy: 管理顧問Pie chart 餡餅圖Feedback 反饋信息Schedule 制定計劃Comply 遵從按照別人的命令、要求、規(guī)矩或希望去做Specify 詳細說明Workset Allocate 分配，配給，分派為特定目的而撥出；指定Replace 取代Static 固定的 static jobDynamic (工作)效率高的Short-term 短期的Interpret 解釋Approach v.tr 著手開始處理或工作Make up 組成Abreast adv. 并肩地, 并排地 （keep abreast of

47、隨時了解）Assess 評價；評估Performance 表現(xiàn)；業(yè)績；Re-align 重新調(diào)整；采用新的工作安排Prescribed 指定的Specification 詳細說明書；規(guī)格Initiate 開始展開最初的工作；開始Peak occupancy 客流高峰時賓館飯店的住房率Incidental 附帶的Undertaking n. 任務；承擔的任務；事業(yè)Revise 修正, 修改Managerial adj.管理的Leisure group 娛樂業(yè)公司Recommend推薦, 介紹Perception （對于某事物的）理解，見解，看法Assign分配, 指派Motivate激勵Expe

48、ctation期望（指商業(yè)活動中的既定目標）Explicitly明白地, 明確地Staff全體職員，員工In terms of根據(jù), 按照, 用.的話, 在.方面Compatible諧調(diào)的, 一致的, 兼容的In-company training 企業(yè)內(nèi)部的培訓（通常以在職的方式進行）Behavioral Attribute某人某物的屬性或特征Applicant請求人, 申請人; 報名者Screen初選，遴選（一種初步的審查和篩選人員的程序，以決定他們是否適應某一特定工作）Unit One bCompetitive 競爭的Marrywith 將與相結(jié)合Start-up （項目的）啟動；（公司或

49、企業(yè)的）創(chuàng)建Hierarchical等級制度的Entrepreneurial 與企業(yè)有關(guān)的Responsive （常與to連用）反應的；表示回答的；易反應的Ever-increasing 前所未有的Sizeable相當大的, 大的ResponsivenessInherent固有的, 內(nèi)在的Define定義, 詳細說明Standardization標準化Sequential連續(xù)的, 有順序的Authority （上級賦予下級的）職權(quán)Motivation （促使員工工作的）動力Hamper妨礙, 牽制Flexibility彈性；靈活性Complex復雜的Complexity復雜(性)Co-ordi

50、nate（使）互相配合；（使）協(xié)調(diào)， 調(diào)整Fast-cycle （經(jīng)營）快速運轉(zhuǎn)的Decision-maker 決策者Real-time 實時的Evaluate 評估Refine 使達到最佳狀態(tài)Monitoring監(jiān)視； 控制； 監(jiān)測On behalf of 代表Accomplish 完成Departmentalize把.分為各部門Goal-oriented Back-up備份；支援Project-orientedSuitability合適, 適當, 相配, 適宜性Home-basedSufficiently 十分地, 充分地PracticeAmbiguity 含糊, 不明確Highlight

51、 說明Clarify澄清, 闡明Implement 貫徹；實現(xiàn)；執(zhí)行Pilot試驗性的；為將來的發(fā)展做嘗試性范例的Productively：有效地 Commute每天（乘火車）往返上班；定期往返于兩地間Unit Two aNASDAQ 全國證券交易商自動報價系統(tǒng)協(xié)會Dividend 股息, 紅利P/EVolume （工商業(yè)的）額，量Break-even 收支平衡的Break even 得失相當Over-pricing 定價過高Unit Two bPlummeting 直線下降的Accelerate 加速Globalization 全球化Desperately 拼命地；不顧一切地, 孤注一擲地D

52、ominate 支配, 占優(yōu)勢；控制Inflated 通貨膨脹的；（股價存在）泡沫的，價格過高的Consortium 社團, 協(xié)會, 聯(lián)盟, (國際)財團Deregulation 違反規(guī)定, 反常Over-capacityDiversify 多樣性Inject 注入Pharmaceutical 醫(yī)藥的Portfolio 一組投資Risk-free 零風險的Destabilizing 不穩(wěn)定的Projected 預計的，想要達到的Integrate 整合Redundancy Payroll 薪水冊Duplicated 重復的Distribution channel 銷售渠道PracticeBro

53、ker 經(jīng)紀人Commission 傭金Listing 清單, 列表Floatation (公債等的)發(fā)行; 為開辦企業(yè)籌款; 籌資開辦Capitalization 資本化, 股本, 資本總額Counterbid 還價Unit Three aDesign-led 強調(diào)設計的Home accessory 家用配件Reputation 聲譽Originality 獨創(chuàng)性；創(chuàng)意Enclose 隨信附寄Mail order 郵購Interior designer 室內(nèi)設計師Popularity 普及, 流行Rebook Unit Three bAmount to 總計Be acknowledged t

54、o 被公認為Telecommunication 電信Financial services 金融服務Aviation 航空Environmental 環(huán)境的Substantial 重要的、有價值的ProfileRarity 稀有Literature 印刷品Mailshot 郵寄廣告Congestion 交通堵塞Hospitality 熱情好客Practice:With reference to 關(guān)于Forthcoming 即將到來的Showcase (商店或博物館的玻璃)陳列櫥；商業(yè)演出Team-building 團隊的打造Joint venture 合資企業(yè)Unit Four aAs good

55、 as it gets 盡善盡美Pager BP機Pinpoint 精確地指出Vacancy 空額，空缺，空職Submit 提交HotdeskingOvertax 課稅過重, 使負擔過度Social obligation Courtesy 謙恭,禮貌Employee loyalty 員工忠誠度CV履歷, 簡歷（curriculum vitae）Self-employed 從事自由職業(yè)的Erosion 逐漸的消失Centralize 集中Unit Four bTransformation 改革, 轉(zhuǎn)換Undergo 經(jīng)歷；進行Reliability 可靠性Operating efficiency

56、 Customer interaction Ingredient 成分, 因素Analyze 分析Personalize 使人性化Offering 提供的服務Anticipate 預期, 期望；預見Optimize 優(yōu)化Vendor 賣方；銷售商Sales forecast 銷售情況預測Inventory 詳細目錄, 存貨, 財產(chǎn)清冊, 總量Delivery 運輸Productivity 生產(chǎn)力Account enquiryInvoice 發(fā)票Transaction 交易Margin Practice:Team spirit 團隊精神Confidential work 涉及保密的工作Works

57、tation 工作站，包括計算機或計算機終端Flexible working 彈性工作制Win-win 雙贏的Premise (企業(yè), 機構(gòu)等使用的)房屋連地基Terminal 終端Intranet 企業(yè)內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Retail 零售Initially 開始，最初Tentative 試驗性的；暫定的Unit Five aFrustrate 挫敗, 阻撓, 使感到灰心, 阻止Bewilder 使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏亂Psychological 精神上的Fire upReengageWith gusto 饒有興趣地Intrinsical 本質(zhì)的, 固有的Job enrichment 通過一定手段使得員工對自己的工作更感興趣Job rotation 輪班制度Ongoing 正在進行的Foster 培養(yǎng), 鼓勵Outdoor assault coursePredatory competitor 非常強大的競爭對手Astute 機敏的Repackage 重新包裝Perpetuation 永存, 不朽Incompetence 無競爭力Paradox 似非而是的論點, 自相矛盾的話；自相矛盾Unit Five bInternal recruitment 內(nèi)部征召Headhunting 獵頭Exemplify 例證, 例