自考綜合英語二詳解(B)

1、自考綜合英語（二）下冊詳解第五課上1. If you were asked to list， you would 虛擬語氣，表示與當(dāng)前情況的假設(shè)。If I had enough money， I would buy that car.2. If next you were， who somehow seem bigger than life， you might come up with an entire different list.Bigger/larger than life： 超群的；夸大的His sadness was bigger than life.他傷心極了。come up

2、with： bring forward with提出；想出Some new issues were come up at the meeting.在這個會上提出了一些新問題3. You might， in fact， name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour， rather than their achievements。be celebrated for： 因而受到頌揚、贊美Most doctors and nurses were celebrated for their bravery in the battle

3、 against SARS.大多數(shù)醫(yī)務(wù)人員由于在抗擊“非典”戰(zhàn)役中的勇敢表現(xiàn)而受到了人們的贊揚。rather than： instead of 不是（而是）He was criticized by the teacher for his absence from class rather than his failure in the exam.他因缺課而受到了老師的批評，而不是因為他這次考試的失敗。4.And you would not be alone， because pollsters have found that people today do not choose politic

4、al leaders who shape history for their “Most Admired”be not alone in thinking/believing： others agree with you在方面別人也有同感Were not alone in believing that Xiao Jiang is the best person for the job.我們相信小江是這項任務(wù)的最佳人選，別人也有同感。Dr. Applebaum is not alone in thinking that television gives children a false sens

5、e of reality.不光是阿普爾鮑姆博士認為電視節(jié)目給孩子們展現(xiàn)的是虛假的現(xiàn)狀。The French are not alone in finding American movies breaking into their film market.不只是法國人才發(fā)現(xiàn)美國電影打入自己的市場。Professors are disappointed about what has happened in the presidential election， and they are not alone in that.教授們對總統(tǒng)選舉中所發(fā)生的一切感到失望，同感者大有人在。shape：form

6、or take shape， give signs of future developmentOur plan is shaping well.我們的計劃進展順利。Shape history（the course or events） 決定歷史的進程（事件的發(fā)展）Great men can shape history but they cant make history.偉人可以決定歷史的進程，但他們不能創(chuàng)造歷史。5.By definition， heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage ac

7、hievements， and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of othersheroes and heroines are people who are different from other people because of their unusual courage， achievements and the sacrifices they make in the interests of others.by definition： by defining通過定義，界定By definition， heroes are

8、 those who are distinguished by their accomplishment.根據(jù)定義，英雄以其所取得的成就而出名。be distinguished （ from ）by： to be noticeably different from or better than others of the same type because of an unusual quality以而著稱；有別于；不同于Xiao Yang is distinguished from other young men by his unusual maturity.小楊的老練程度超過了其他年輕人

9、。The little girl is distinguished from other four-year-olds by her excellent memory.這小女孩的記憶力超出歲孩子了水平。The zebra is distinguished from the horse by the lines on its body.斑馬列因其身上的條紋而不同于馬。Chinese people are distinguished by their diligence and courage.中國人民以勤勞勇敢而著稱。Cf .distinguish between/ sth. from sth.

10、 eles： to notice or understand the difference between/ to tell one thing from another.區(qū)別Colour-blind people find it hard to distinguish between red and green.色盲的人很難分清紅、綠兩色。City people often cant distinguish young wheat from weeds.城里人往往分不清麥苗和野草。The twin sisters are so much alike that sometimes even t

11、heir father cant distinguish one from the other.這對雙胞胎姐妹長得太像了，有時她們的父親都分辨不出誰是姐姐誰是妹妹。distinguished guests 貴賓for the benefit of：for ones benefit： for the profit of：為，為的利益The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor in the rural area.這筆錢要用來幫助農(nóng)村地區(qū)的窮人。for the benefit of the people/country為了人民/國家利益6.

12、 they are people against whom we measure others.theyve become a sort of standard； we judge others by what they do and what they are.他們是我們評價別人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。measure sth. against ： to judge the value of sb./sth. using sth. else as a standard； to compare sth. with a certain standard：對照來評價Our production costs are

13、high， when they are measured against the worlds advanced level.對照世界先進水平，我們的生產(chǎn)成本過高。Your performance is poor when measured against the success of the other sales personnel.與其他銷售人員的業(yè)績相比，你的業(yè)績相當(dāng)差。7. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by， where the ver

14、y ideal of heroism is something beyond us an artifact of the past.Yet， some people say that we are living in a new age .In this age heroes and heroines are rare， and heroism is only something people admire but do not practice. Heroic and noble conduct is a thing of the past.可是，有人說，我們的時代是很難出現(xiàn)真正英雄的時代，

15、英雄主義這一概念本身我們就難以理解它已經(jīng)成為歷史。come by 找到，遇到How did you come by this second-hand book？你是怎樣找到這本舊書的。heroism is something beyond us： we have no idea what heroism is我們不知道英雄行為是何物an artifact of the past歷史文物，這個短語是對：heroism的補充說明。Be beyond sb.：為某人所不能理解；對某人來說太難與beyond搭配的詞有：beyond power越權(quán)beyond belief不可相信beyond unde

16、rstanding無法理解beyond control無法控制beyond doubt毫無疑問beyond imagination難以想象beyond ones means難以承受beyond description難以描述8.Consequently， bereft of cultural heroes， we have latched onto cultural iconsAs a result， when we no long have national heroes to admire and worship， we have become crazy about cultural i

17、cons因此，缺少了民族英雄，我們就迷上了通俗文化偶像。Consequently：As a result因此，于是bereft of：失去；缺少bereft（bereave的過去式、過去分詞）The boy is bereft of hope.這孩子失去了希望。latch onto/on to sb./sth.：（informal） to become very interested in sb./sth.，often finding them so useful that we dont want to let them go對某人或某事產(chǎn)生極大的興趣，往往不愿意放棄（這里作者的意思是：人們

18、開始迷上了文化偶像之后，就一發(fā)不可收拾，對他們的崇拜愈來愈狂熱。）9. who are simply famous for being famous.who are well-known just because they are frequently seen in public， so that a lot of people know them or know about them （not because they possess unusually fine qualities or because they have made great contributions to soci

19、ety）。僅僅因為有名而成名的人。be famous for：be known for10. They are people who manage to transcend celebrity， who are legendary， who somehow manage to become mythic.Cultural icons make themselves more famous than celebrities； they inspire great admiration； and to a certain degree， they become important people.

20、他們超越了名流，成為傳奇式人物，甚至在某種程度上已是神話式的人物。注意：此句此句用三個由Who引導(dǎo)出的并列的定語從句來修飾 people，界定“文化偶像”的三個特點：比名流名氣更大，受到崇拜，成為重要人物。11. In part，their lives have the quality of a story.Part of the reason is that their lives are unusual， full of ups and downs like people in legends or myths. 部分的原因是由于他們的生平帶有傳奇故事的色彩。In part： partly

21、； to a certain extent 在一定程度上，部分地He failed in the exams in part because he was careless.他沒通過考試在一定程度上是由于他粗心。12.Good looks certainly help.漂亮的長相當(dāng)然有用。Attractive appearance is surely very useful in the making of an icon.help： to improve a situation or to make sth .happen起作用Wisdom， not strength helps in th

22、e matter.在這方面智慧起作用，力量無濟無事。To be young and single definitely help when youre looking for a job年輕又單身在找工作時是有得的條件。Material incentives alone wont help （ to ） increase production.光憑物質(zhì)刺激無助于提高生產(chǎn)。13.So does a special indefinable charisma， with the help of the media.A particular great charm that is hard to de

23、fine also proves useful. The media help to impress people with it.在媒體的抄作下某種難以描述的、特殊的個人魅力也起作用。這是個倒裝句， A special indefinable charisma 是主語，does 是謂語，代表helps，介詞短語 with the help of the media作狀語。14. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death然而悲劇性地過早離開這個世界，卻是造成偶像最重要的因素。become： 適合；與相稱Purp

24、le becomes her.紫色很適合她Dont be rude， it doesnt become you.別動粗，這同你的身份不相稱。more than： Nothing could satisfy him more than money.沒有比錢更能滿足他的東西了。15. Being Somebody當(dāng)名人somebody ： an important person名人；重要人物It is said that his father is somebody in the show business.據(jù)說他的父親是演藝界的大腕人物。He spoke as if he was somebod

25、y in the department.他說話的樣子好像他是系里了不起的人物似的。Cf. something： a thing or a person that thought to be important or worth noting有見地；有道理；了不起Theres something in what the boy says.那男孩子的話還真有道理。Christy has learned to write with his left foot. Its really something.克里斯蒂學(xué)會用左腳寫字了，真了不起。Youve done it， Chris. Youre rea

26、lly something.克里斯，你成功了。你可真了不起。17. Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day.Today we still see or feel what they achieved in the past.18.Todays celebrities， however， often do not become known for any enduring achievement.But， today， people often do not become famous because theyve achie

27、ved something （ a great book， an invention， a discovery， a way of thinking， etc. ） that will last or influence people for a long time.然而，當(dāng)今的名人往往并不是由于他們所取得的成就而聞名。Be/become known for： to be/become famous because ofSuzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.蘇州因其美麗的園林而聞名。He became known for a book he wro

28、te when he was 17.他因17歲時寫的一本書而出名。Cf. be known as： to be called， regarded as， looked upon as以而著稱In China， Suzhou and Hangzhou are known as “paradises on earth”在中國，蘇州和杭州被稱為“人間天堂”。The girl has an unusually large vocabulary and is known as a “walking dictionary”。那女孩知道的詞真多，被稱為“活字典”。Singapore is known as

29、a garden city.新加坡以花園城而聞名。自考綜合英語（二）下冊詳解第五課下19.The year before， that distinction went to President Carters wife， Rosalynn.The year before， the title/honour was given to President Carters wife， Rosalynn./The year before， President Carters wife， Rosalynn， won the honour.前一年，這個稱號又送給了卡特總統(tǒng)夫人，羅薩琳。（ prize， t

30、itle， honour， property， etc. ） go to sb./sth.：to be given to, awarded to,or inherited by sb.贈送給，授予The money they raised from the concert all went to the flooded area.舉辦音樂會所得款項全部捐贈給水災(zāi)地區(qū)。The title “The Best Woman Football Player of the Millenium” went to a Chinese， Sun Wen.“千年最佳女足運動員”的稱號授予了中國運動員孫雯。The

31、 house was left to his son,and all the paintings went to his daughter.房子留給了他的兒子，女兒繼承了所有繪畫。The 2000 Nobel Prize for Peace went to Kim Dae Chong.2000年諾貝爾和平獎授予了金大中。20.The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment ； the celebrity by his image or trademark.The hero was different from ordinary people b

32、ecause of what he had achieved ； the celebrity differs from ordinary people merely because he is well-known.英雄因其成就而出眾，而名流則因其形象或其特征而出名。21.The hero created himself ； the celebrity is created by the mediaThe hero was admired for what he had hone for society ； the celebrity bursts onto the scene through

33、 the work of the media. 英雄因其成就而名，而名流則因媒體的宣傳而出名。（英雄造就自己，媒體造就名流。）22. The hero was a big man； the celebrity is a big name.the hero was an outstanding man with excellent qualities ； the celebrity is an average person with an enviable reputation.英雄是了不起的人物，名流是了不起的名聲。23. Except for the attention they get f

34、rom the media， these people are exactly like us.If the media didnt give them so much attention， they wouldnt be any different from ordinary people.要不是媒體的關(guān)注，這些人和我們沒什么兩樣。注意except 和except for的區(qū)別：except for： with the exception of （ used to introduce the only thing or a person that prevent a statement fr

35、om being completely true ）1）從一個表示整體的單數(shù)名詞中除掉一部分The essay is excellent except for the conclusion.這篇文章除結(jié)尾之外總體不錯。Cf. All the essays are good except yours and Johns.除了你和約翰的文章之外，其他人的都不錯。The whole class passed the test except for John.全班除了約翰之外都通過了測試。Cf. We all passed the test except John.除約翰之外我們都通過了測試。2） 所

36、談及的名詞和除外的名詞代表不同的類別時The country is not worth seeing， except for its temples.那個國家除了寺廟之外沒有什么值得游覽的The road was deserted except for a few cars.路上除了幾輛轎車之外杳無人絕跡。Cf. All the roads are deserted except one.除了一條路之外，其他路上行人絕跡24. Previously， men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew， could easily hav

37、e passed through a crowd without being recognized.In the past, when famous men like Gould and Harriman walked through a crowd, it was quite possible that people dont recognize them, though everyone knew of them.此句的意思是：這兩個人要是在人群里走走的話，人們完全可能不知他們?yōu)楹卧S人。（但他們極少出現(xiàn)在人群之中。）could have done sth.（ could have done

38、 sth.）。（情態(tài)助動詞could與完成時形式的動詞不定式have done sth.連用）表示過去可能會發(fā)生但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情：You could have got a job last year.你本來去年就可能會找到工作的。（實際上沒有找到）Ten people were killed in the accident . They could have been saved.事故中有10人死亡，他們的生命本來是可以挽救過來的pass through ：to go through a town, etc., stopping there for a short time but no

39、t staying25. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance,and personal habits were widely commented upon. When famous peoples photos appeared in newspapers, their outward features-their appearance, their clothes, and the way they carried them

40、selves-began to attract public attention and get talked about, In this way these famous people gradually became celebrities.現(xiàn)在報紙上能刊登照片，這使名人成為名流，他們的衣著、外貌和體態(tài)舉止都成為人們評論的對象。Turninto： to cause sth./sb. to become使成為；把變成Her bitter experience has turned her into a strong woman.痛苦的經(jīng)歷使她成了一個堅強的女人。The mobile med

41、ical team turned an old temple into a first-aid station.流動醫(yī)療隊把一座古廟改造成了急救站。Comment on/upon： to give/express opinions about評論；議論The U.S.2000 presidential election has been much commented upon.2000年美國的總統(tǒng)選舉招致了不少的議論。I dont think it right to comment on peoples private affairs.我覺得議論別人的私事是不對的。26. Slowly, th

42、e focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like. 公眾的注意力逐漸由了解這些人做了些什么轉(zhuǎn)移到了了解他們長得是什么樣子。Shift （ away ）fromto： to change in emphasis, direction or focus：轉(zhuǎn)移When the wind shifted from south to north, it began to get cold.風(fēng)向由南轉(zhuǎn)北，天氣變冷了。In the

43、 early 1960s, the emphasis of our countrys economy shifted from heavy industry to light industry and agriculture.20世紀60年代初期，我國經(jīng)濟的重點工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向輕工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)。look like： to have the appearance of看起來像The restaurant looks like a ship.這家餐館的外形像條船。From the way they treat each other they look like sisters.她們親昵的樣子看起來像是姐兒倆。

44、like 常與其他表示感官功能（如視覺、觸覺、味覺、聽覺等look like； feel like； smell like； sound like）的動詞連用。In the middle of the night we were woken up by some noise . It sounded like a fight.半夜里我們被吵醒了，聽起來像是吵架的聲音。The dish sells like fish, but tastes like beef.這道菜聞起來像魚，嘗起來像牛肉。The material feels like silk.這塊料子摸起來像絲綢。27.With the

45、arrival of televisionBecause we now have television由于電視的出現(xiàn)with： because of havingWith a large family to support, he cannot afford a new coat this year由于有一大家人要養(yǎng)活，他今年不能給自己買新大衣了。With John away, weve got more room.由于約翰不在，我們的地方顯得更寬敞。With all the homework to do, I cannot go out this weekend.有這么多作業(yè)要做，這個周末我

46、不能出去了28. than we did about most of the people we know personally.than we know about most of the people we actually know.29.Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.第一部電影問世后不到70年，英雄崇拜就徹底轉(zhuǎn)變成名人崇拜了。電影起源于19世紀末

47、，人們傳統(tǒng)上認為1899年是電影誕生之年，此句的意思是在20世紀60年代末人們崇拜對象的轉(zhuǎn)變就完成了。moving picture 的其他名稱為：picture， motion picture, film, movie等。30.Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it ”； in America.Today, if you are invited as a guest on a TV talk show,you definitely have proved yourself

48、 successful in America.今天在電視臺的一個脫口秀節(jié)目上一露臉就絕對能證明你在美國“一舉成名了”。Make it ： （ informal ） to be successful in ones career； to succeed, to win acceptance達到預(yù)定目標(biāo)，順利度過一段困難時期；成功；及時到達。When he won the prize, he realized that he had made it.得了獎，他意識到自己成功了。Hes been in some 30 films, but hes never made it as a great a

49、ctor.他演了三十多部電影，可是從來沒有紅起來。The train leaves at 3， its 2：30 now， I am afraid I cant make it.火車是3點開，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)兩點半了，恐怕我趕不上了。31.Celebrities do not appear on such a program because of an actual desire-or ability-to talk, but simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up,that they are “somebody.”Cel

50、ebrities often appear on talk shows, not because they really want to talk, or because they have something to say, but simply because they want tobecome famous and to show that they are important.名流在這樣的節(jié)目中出場，并不是因為他們真想說什么，或是口才很棒，而純屬為了出名，并通過在熒屏上露面，證明他們是“重要人物”。注意notbecause （of ） to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，否定的部分是bec

51、ause （of ），而不是appear.I didnt see the film because you recommended it . I wanted to see Henry Fonda.我看了這部電影可不是因為你的推薦，我是想看亨利方達的表演。The children didnt do it to please their parents, but simply to enjoy themselves.孩子們做這件事可不是為了父母高興，而是自己想玩一玩。show up： （ informal ） to appear ； to arrive, often after a delay到

52、場；露面He didnt show up at his sisters wedding.他居然沒有在他妹妹的婚禮上露面。I wonder if he will show up at all.真不知道他還會不會來。We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash, but three days later he showed up safe and sound.我們都以為他在收音機失事中喪生，但三天以后，他卻安然無恙地出現(xiàn)了。Only three of people we had invited didnt show up at the p

53、arty.邀請的人當(dāng)中，只有三人末出席這次聚會。32.Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound.Most hosts are more than happy as long as the guests keep talking.多數(shù)主持人只要有人說話，讓演播室老有聲音就很滿意了。fillwith ： to makefull of用裝滿Would you fill these bottles with water, please？請把這些瓶子灌滿水好嗎？Each time I wen

54、t to see her, my grandma would fill my pockets with sweets .每次我去看奶奶，她總是在我的衣兜塞滿糖果。此句型常用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)：The room is filled with an unpleasant smell.這屋子里有股難聞的味。The supermarket is filled with shoppers at weekends.每逢周末這家超市總是擠滿了購物的人。此句型有引申的意思：She filled her days with trivial tasks.她整天忙于處理瑣碎的事務(wù)。The thought filled me

55、 with pleasure.這個想法使我感到高興。Im filled with gratitude to all those who have helped me.我對幫助過我的人充滿感激之情。Her heart was filled with happiness at the party her students organized in her honor.在學(xué)生們?yōu)樗e行的聚會上，她沉浸在幸福之中。He was filled with pity for the poor girl .他對那個可憐的女孩子充滿憐憫之情。The sound of the music filled me wi

56、th memories .音樂聲使我沉浸在回憶之中。fill 也可作不及物動詞：The market filled rapidly . 市場很快擠滿了人。fill 表示to become full of：Laughter filled the hall.笑聲響徹整個大廳。When the young lady refused to pay for the shoes she had ordered, unhappiness filled the poor shoemakers house .那位年輕的女士不肯付款來付她定做的那雙鞋，此時，窮鞋匠的家里人人愁眉不展。33. a ratings n

57、ightmare . a terrible thing for the show， for it wouldnt attract many ratings： the popularity of a television of radio programme as measured by the number of people viewing or listening對收視率來說是可怕的事34.This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stupidity.Talk sh

58、ow coordinators are concerned about whether the guest talks fluently . They dont care whether he/she talks sensibly and intelligently . By doing so, they actually encourage and praise talk show guests who speak fluently but insincerely and make viewers believe those who dont speak fluently are stupi

59、d people . 這種看法結(jié)果是鼓勵了口若懸河的空話，而把遲疑看作是愚笨。Reward：酬謝；獎賞He was rewarded with a three-week-holiday for his achievements.由于他的成就，他被獎勵了三個星期的假期。其引申意思，表示“得出的結(jié)果，得到回報”I am sure that all your hard work will be rewarded.我相信你的辛苦工作一定會得到豐碩的結(jié)果。35.hed be dragging his bottom in the ratings.Today ， if he were invited to

60、speak on a talk show, he wouldnt be able to attract a large number of viewers.Drag ones bottom 可能是由習(xí)語drag ones heels/feet（故意拖延，磨洋工）而來。自考綜合英語（二）下冊詳解第六課上1. If you are not moving ahead ， you are falling behindfall behind （ sb ） ： to go more slowly than other people so that they gradually move further a