2022年上海紐約大學(xué)自考英語(yǔ)（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年上海紐約大學(xué)自考英語(yǔ)（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【2010.04】What her grandfather said left a _ impression on her mind. She still remembers it. A、final B、vague C、deep D、main【正確答案】C【答案解析】譯文：她爺爺說(shuō)的事情給她留下深刻的印象，她仍然還記得。本題考查詞匯。形容詞意義區(qū)分題。final 最終的，vague 模糊的，deep 深的，main 主要的。第2題【單選題】I understood from her that you undertoo

2、k other important work _. A、as well B、as too as C、as also as D、as good as【正確答案】A【答案解析】as well也可以用來(lái)表示“也”的意思，它一般置于句尾。句子的意思為：我從她那了解到你也從事其它重要工作。第3題【單選題】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be me

3、asured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance te

4、nds to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Main Results of Recent Researches B、Popular Doubt about the New View C、Effect of Environment on Intelligence D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段提出了一個(gè)新的對(duì)智力的認(rèn)識(shí)，與過(guò)去一些年的傳統(tǒng)的把智

5、力看做是一種不變的能力的這種理解不同，它主張智力和人的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境有關(guān)。因此選擇C。第4題【單選題】【2009.10】Youd better leave things _ if you dont know how to deal with them. A、off B、out C、alone D、over【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】 如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊?！驹囶}分析】本題考查詞意區(qū)分?！驹敿?xì)解答】 A 離開(kāi)，離去 B 不在里面，出局 C 單獨(dú)的（地） D 完結(jié)，翻倒，越過(guò)第5題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Helping the planet is a big part

6、of what our world trip is all about and thats exactly what we did this past week. We helped get a hydroponics farm started in a local village. This farm will be a model for the local villagers so they can start their very own self sustaining farm. Hydroponics is a type of farming that uses a third o

7、f the water needed in an average farm and uses no soil. A hydroponics farm _. A、is difficult to build B、is a type of farm without soil C、will cost lots of money D、was started in the village before they came【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。詞義理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hydroponics farm迅速鎖定本段。再通過(guò)排除法可以判定B項(xiàng)是正確的。因?yàn)锳和C表述的內(nèi)容文章并沒(méi)有提到過(guò)。D項(xiàng)表述是錯(cuò)

8、誤的，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)村莊在他們?nèi)ブ安](méi)有這種hydroponics farm。是他們到了之后，幫忙建立了一個(gè)模型。第6題【單選題】【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17

9、 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between privileged and disadvantaged children may be due to the latters lack of

10、appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is _. A、Two Major Changed View of Intelligence B、Many of the differences in measured intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段文字的第一句話就把其內(nèi)容

11、點(diǎn)的很清楚，要介紹的是：Two major findings have emerged from these researches.而選項(xiàng)C中的Main Results只不過(guò)是major findings的另一種說(shuō)法而已。第7題【單選題】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agricultural policies. A、undergoes B、understands C、underlies D、undertakes【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)政策的基礎(chǔ)?？疾樾谓鼊?dòng)詞詞義。A 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；B 了解；C 成為的

12、基礎(chǔ)；D 承擔(dān)，保證。 第8題【單選題】When _, water will be turned into steam. A、heated B、heating C、being heat D、having heated【正確答案】A【答案解析】水被加熱時(shí)會(huì)變成蒸汽。因?yàn)橹骶渲髡Z(yǔ)water和從句謂語(yǔ)heat的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，所以用過(guò)去分詞。第9題【單選題】【2008.10】Johnson was _ unknown before running for the presidency. A、visibly B、visually C、vertically D、virtually【正確答案】D【答案解析】

13、本題考查（形近的）副詞詞義區(qū)分。譯文：事實(shí)上，約翰遜在參選總統(tǒng)職位之前是個(gè)無(wú)名人士。A 顯然，明顯地 B 外表上，直觀地 C 垂直地，直立地 D 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上第10題【單選題】【完成句子】Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges（正電荷） build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes ne

14、gatively charged（負(fù)電荷的）. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.In most cases of cl

15、oud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface_. A、is positively charged B、is shifted sideways by strong winds C、is negative charged D、is changed from positively charge to negative charge【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段文字解釋了云層與地面之間的閃電的成因，云層下部帶負(fù)電荷，排斥地面表層的負(fù)電荷，所以地面表層聚集的是正電荷。答案為A。第11題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Five neighbors at a central

16、 Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians (百歲老人) get asked all the time：“How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。題目說(shuō)的是“這五位百歲老人生活在一個(gè)非常友好的社區(qū)”，文章開(kāi)頭部分提到了“community(社區(qū))”，但該句并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這五位百歲老人生活的社區(qū)是否是一個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，因

17、此判斷問(wèn)題句的信息在文章中沒(méi)有提到。第12題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. _. Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow. A、It tells us not to use

18、 the injured part until it heals. B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord（脊髓）to the brain, and back down again. C、The first message is the warning signal. D、The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.【正確答案】B【答案解析】第一句講的是疼痛的感覺(jué)是由兩種信號(hào)signals 組成的

19、，所以緊接著就提到兩種信號(hào)的傳播路線。B項(xiàng)恰恰照應(yīng)了首句意思。第13題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up

20、 later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning

21、, he should _. A、change his energy cycle B、overcome his laziness C、get up earlier than usual D、go to bed earlier【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題要求讀者找出本段中的最后兩句，并聯(lián)系本段開(kāi)頭兩句的意思，作出正確判斷。本段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，“雖然你無(wú)法改變自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活適合這一周期。Dr. Kleitman認(rèn)為經(jīng)常性的行為(對(duì)你的能量周期)能起作用?！弊詈髢删溆终f(shuō)，“rise before your usual hourwork better at your low point”

22、(“如果你在上午處于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么你就要比平時(shí)早起。這并不改變你的周期，但你可以在低潮時(shí)得到能量，工作得更好?！?因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。第14題【單選題】【2009.04】She _ everything else and concentrated on the task before her. A、set off B、set back C、set aside D、set up【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)意義辨析。譯文：她把其他事情都放到一邊，集中精力于她面前的任務(wù)。詳細(xì)解答：A 出發(fā)、動(dòng)身；B 把（某物）置于之后、延遲；C 撇開(kāi)、取消、廢除；D 建立、

23、提出。第15題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. _. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show y

24、oure unhappy! A、Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. B、If you ale feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. C、However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know youre not plea

25、sed. D、If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題可以采用線索詞來(lái)定位?？崭裉幍那昂髢蓚€(gè)句子都是對(duì)arms在具體情況下具體動(dòng)作的描述。那么用以補(bǔ)充的句子也應(yīng)是如此，即選項(xiàng)A開(kāi)朗的人和沉默寡言的人手臂的動(dòng)作，符合條件。第16題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a p

26、hrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They s

27、tamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.According to the passage, an adults reac

28、tion to rhythm in music would probably be _. A、uninhibited B、indifferent C、restrained D、responsible【正確答案】C【答案解析】該題的解題依據(jù)在本段結(jié)尾部分“As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm”。作者講：隨著孩子的年齡逐漸增大，大人就會(huì)教他們抑制對(duì)節(jié)奏的反應(yīng)，等他們長(zhǎng)大之后，他們對(duì)音樂(lè)節(jié)奏的反應(yīng)，更可能受到抑制。第17題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】When our Neolithic a

29、ncestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow

30、 plants for food about 10,000 years ago. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。利用“10，000”作為答案線索詞(因?yàn)槟甏ǔＪ怯脭?shù)字表示)，于是發(fā)現(xiàn)有句子提到當(dāng)生活在約一萬(wàn)年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)從某些植物中可以收獲糧食，并且播種后下一個(gè)收獲季節(jié)還能產(chǎn)出更多的糧食時(shí)，就邁開(kāi)了植物和人類(lèi)聯(lián)系的第1 大步。第18題【單選題】I should have preferred him to_ it in a different way. A、do B、doing C、done D、having done【正確答案

31、】A【答案解析】本題考查prefer的用法。prefer sb to do sth：寧愿某人做某事。 第19題【單選題】【2009.04】If payment is not received, legal action will be our only_. A、aggression B、advantage C、alternative D、ambition【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義選擇。譯文：如果我們收不到付款，那就只好訴諸法律了。A 挑釁、侵犯；B 優(yōu)勢(shì)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C 選擇、取舍；D 野心、抱負(fù)。第20題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】There are many other foods tha

32、t have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made

33、 into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.Which country is the largest coffee producer? A、Brazil. B、Colombia. C、Ethiopia. D、Egypt.【正確答案】A【答案解析】答題依據(jù)在本段的第三句。Producer 與 grower 意思等同。第21題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Hence, the wise use of leisure time

34、has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it.How to spend leisu

35、re time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people _. A、who are very busy everyday B、who are sick in bed C、who are aged and in good health D、who have retired from work【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題可采用排除法，第三句話（It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired f

36、rom earning a living.），可以看出這三類(lèi)人對(duì)于怎樣度過(guò)空閑時(shí)光是特別困難的，所以可以排除BCD項(xiàng)，選A。第22題【單選題】【2009.7】The judge who was _ to his favorite was criticized by many people. A、partial B、fair C、strict D、frank【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題句意為：許多人批評(píng)了偏袒他自己喜愛(ài)（球隊(duì)或球員）的那個(gè)裁判員?？疾樾稳菰~的意義區(qū)分。A 偏袒的，不公平的；B 公正的；C 嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的； D 坦率的。第23題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ th

37、at all the classified data should be kept safe when in office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)?！驹敿?xì)解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān)保；C 為投保，給保險(xiǎn)；D 安全的，沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)的第24題【單選題】The vehicle was traveling at speeds _ 90 miles per hour. A、in addition to B、in view of C、in

38、 excess of D、in search of【正確答案】C第25題【單選題】【概括大意】The key to gardening with kids, says Patti Kraemer-Doell, family garden coordinator at the New York Botanical Gardens, is “Letting them experience it themselves. We have tried to guide them, but not tell them to put the sunflowers here and the tomatoes

39、there. The emphasis is on developing their imagination and their appreciation for being out in the garden.”The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Different Kinds of Gardens. B、Kinds of Plants in s Home Garden C、The Most Important Point in Family Gardening D、How to plan sunflowers and tomatoes【正確答案】C

40、【答案解析】本段指出家庭園藝的主旨是讓孩子去體驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)他們的想象力和鑒賞力。所以答案為C。第26題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of weight as being a fixed quali

41、ty in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth? A、1 pound. B、2 pounds. C

42、、3 pounds. D、4 pounds.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題問(wèn)的是一磅茶如果被帶出離地球表面4000英里的地方，重量會(huì)是多少？4000這個(gè)數(shù)字比較關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)樵诒径巫詈笠痪渲谐霈F(xiàn)了這個(gè)詞，一看該句If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.只是把名詞換了一下，很顯然答案就是變成原來(lái)重量的四分之一，因此正確答案是A。第27題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】She told me her name w

43、as Helen and she was talking to a local restaurant where they were going to have lunch after her appointment. She called to see if he was there. She said, “My husband has Alzheimers（老年癡呆）and he shouldnt be driving without me.” Numerous thoughts ran through my head. Call the police, call her family,

44、and notify（通知）the doctors office she had just come from! But at first, I offered to drive to the local restaurant to see if Ed was waiting for her there.The elderly woman cried in the lobby when she was talking to _. A、her husband with Alzheimers B、the nurse in the doctors office C、a local restauran

45、t D、one of her family members【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。根據(jù)文章本段中She told me her name was Helen and she was talking to a local restaurant可知答案為C項(xiàng)。Helen由于擔(dān)心自己丈夫安危，但又找不到人，情急之下先打電話到倆人約好即將要去的餐廳詢(xún)問(wèn)情況。第28題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, D

46、r. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This

47、 wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _. A、change his energy cycle B、overcome his laziness C、get up earlier than usual D、go to bed earlier【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題要求讀者找出本段中的最后兩句，并聯(lián)系本段開(kāi)頭

48、兩句的意思，作出正確判斷。本段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，“雖然你無(wú)法改變自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活適合這一周期。Dr. Kleitman認(rèn)為經(jīng)常性的行為(對(duì)你的能量周期)能起作用?！弊詈髢删溆终f(shuō)，“rise before your usual hourwork better at your low point”(“如果你在上午處于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么你就要比平時(shí)早起。這并不改變你的周期，但你可以在低潮時(shí)得到能量，工作得更好?！?因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。第29題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】David Guterson and his wife teach their three child

49、ren at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school: _. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears （北極熊）, and winter tourism. A spring evening when

50、the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. A、Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values. B、Learning starts with the childrens interests and qu

51、estions. C、Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math. D、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.【正確答案】B【答案解析】此空要填的是home-schoolers與其他孩子學(xué)習(xí)的不同點(diǎn)，因此選B。第30題【單選題】【2008.04】The veh

52、icle was traveling at speeds _ 90 miles per hour. A、in addition to B、in view of C、in excess of D、in search of【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)辨析。那輛車(chē)以超過(guò)每小時(shí)90英里的速度行駛。A .除之外、 例外； B. 由看來(lái)、 有鑒于；C. 過(guò)分、超出； D. 尋找、追求。第31題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke becau

53、se nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes_. The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents

54、 smoke. B、In the United States，nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke. D、No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正確答案】C【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸煙者時(shí)常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來(lái)應(yīng)首選對(duì)此煙加以定義的句子。第32題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Despite other explan

55、ations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. Q: The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。原文說(shuō)的是兒童之所以能夠完全掌握母語(yǔ)部分原因在于兒童自身

56、，部分原因在于孩子周?chē)藗兊男袨?。?wèn)題句說(shuō)“兒童母語(yǔ)學(xué)得好的原因只是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境?！贝颂巗olely的表述是錯(cuò)誤的。第33題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of d

57、ay and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth par

58、agraphs? A、Our biological clock resets itself automatically. B、Light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock. C、Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically. D、Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.【正確答案】C【答案解析】是非判斷題，根據(jù)第五自然段首句But just like（和

59、一樣） your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.代詞 it指代biological clock，不是選項(xiàng)internal clock和alarm clock都可以自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。得到答案為C。A D 我們的生物鐘自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。B 光線通過(guò)我們的眼睛調(diào)節(jié)生物鐘，與原文一致。第34題【單選題】【2009.7】The house was quiet

60、 in the night, _ the occasional coughing from my throat. A、as for B、such as C、instead of D、except for【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)意義區(qū)分。譯文：除了偶爾我咳嗽一下以外，這所房子在夜晚非常安靜。A 至于，關(guān)于； B 例如；C 代替，而不是；D 除了以外第35題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmoker