精做03閱讀理解主旨大意題-試題君之大題精做2019年高考英語(yǔ)原卷版

1、第一部分閱讀理解精做03主旨大意題【題型突破】主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據(jù)多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐，這類(lèi)題目考查的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn) 用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。選擇主題”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨，通常用詞、短語(yǔ)或句子來(lái)概括。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：What is the main / general idea of this text?What is mainly discussed in this passage?What is

2、the text mainly about?This text mainly tells us.This passage mainly deals with.The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as.選擇標(biāo)題題則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，用詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：What would be the best title for the text?Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for thi

3、s text?The best / most suitable title for this text would be.The topic of this passage is.不管是選擇主題還是選擇標(biāo)題，實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語(yǔ)篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，總是圍繞一個(gè)主題來(lái)展開(kāi)的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上，3個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。，應(yīng)試技巧規(guī)律方法1:如何精確歸納標(biāo)題？1、利用主題段來(lái)概括標(biāo)題主題段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般來(lái)說(shuō)第一段經(jīng)常提出文章的主題或最后一段總結(jié)文章的主題，知道了文章的主題也就知道了文章的中心，

4、把中心概括成一句話或一個(gè)短語(yǔ)一一文章的標(biāo)題。2、利用主題句來(lái)概括標(biāo)題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語(yǔ)。通過(guò)尋找文章的主題句，并對(duì)主 題句進(jìn)行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標(biāo)題。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，要避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤：(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而縮小了范圍)；(2)過(guò)度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)；(3)以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代文章大意。規(guī)律方法2:如何概括文章大意？.做概括文章大意題時(shí)，有效的方法就是辨認(rèn)主題句。主題句具有簡(jiǎn)潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)，文章的中心思 想往往是每段主題句的綜合。若文章無(wú)主題句，這就需要我們依據(jù)文中的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)去進(jìn)行分析、 推斷和歸納，從而概括出文

5、章大意。.在選擇答案時(shí)，根據(jù)自己總結(jié)的大意，就可以用排除法將干擾項(xiàng)逐個(gè)排除。規(guī)律方法3:如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會(huì)在首句體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，這就是常說(shuō)的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，段落中其他句子均用來(lái)解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時(shí)作者沒(méi)有寫(xiě)出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概 括主題句。;，真題精做Passagel (2018 新課標(biāo)卷 I , C)體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少及其原因3117分鐘Languages have been coming and g

6、oing for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 聯(lián)系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years

7、 ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, th

8、e development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At pre

9、sent, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Am

10、ericas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world s languages are spoken byfewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total

11、 of 6,800 languages are close to extinction ( 消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seem

12、s to have much chance of survival.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?They developed very fast.They were large in number.They had similar patterns.They were closely connected.Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B.Advanced.C. Powerf

13、ul.D.Modern.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D.About 1,200.What is the main idea of the text?New languages will be created.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.Human development results in fewer languages.Geograph

14、y determines language evolution.Passage1 （2018 新課標(biāo)卷 II , D）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文閑聊3307分鐘Wd ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What s the proble

15、m? It s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Itthat none of us start a conversation because it s awkward and challenging, or we think it s anrBut the next time y ou find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it invaluable s

16、ocial practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can t forget that deep relationships wouldneven exist if it weren t for casual conversation. Small talk is thegreasefor social communication, saysBernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Insti

17、tute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psycholo

18、gy at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction（互動(dòng)）with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop

19、experience. It s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husbarld, says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral（ 邊緣的）members of our social network matter for our well-being also.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging,

20、 a bondwith others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?Addiction to smartphones.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.Absence of communication between

21、strangers.Impatience with slow service.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?It improves family relationships.It ra

22、ises people s confidence.It matters as much as a formal talk.It makes people feel good.What is the best title for the text?Conversation CountsWays of Making Small TalkBenefits of Small TalkUncomfortable SilencePassage3 （2017 新課標(biāo)卷 I , C）體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文爵士樂(lè)的衰落3408分鐘Some of the world s most famous music

23、ians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the firstannual International Jazz Day. UNESCO（ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（聯(lián)合） voice a

24、cross cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audien

25、ce for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.Jazz seems like it s not really a part of the American appetite, “ Moran tells National Public Radio s reporter Neal Conan. What I m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and unders

26、tand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It s actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, becau

27、se the way the world works is not the same, “ says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller s music for a dance party, just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,“ says Moran. For me, its the recontextualization. In m

28、usic, where does the emotion（ 情感）lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight（ 感悟）on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context, “ says Moran,

29、 So I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?To remember the birth of jazz.To protect cultural diversity.To encourage people to study music.To recognize the value of jazz.What does the underlined word that pairag

30、raph 3 refer to?Jazz becoming more accessible.The production of jazz growing faster.Jazz being less popular with the young.The jazz audience becoming larger.What can we infer about Moran s opinion on jazz?It will disappear gradually.It remains black and white.It should keep up with the times.It chan

31、ges every 50 years.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?Exploring the Future of JazzThe Rise and Fall of JazzThe Story of a Jazz MusicianCelebrating the Jazz Dayassage4 （2017 新課標(biāo)卷 II , C）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文飛車(chē)的歷史由來(lái)及其構(gòu)架3167分鐘Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has com

32、pleted its first flight, bringing the company closerto its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle named the Transition has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eightminutes last month, can

33、reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tankof gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, andthose number

34、s will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the NewYork Auto Show. But don exp ect it to show up in too many driveways. It s expected to cost $279,000.Andwon t help if you re stuck in traffic. The car neeidfliway.Inventors have been trying to make f

35、lying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industryexpert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The governmenthas already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transitio

36、nis now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrationon five yearsagodtgotocisieate aseparate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugi

37、a says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.What is the first paragraph mainly about?The basic data of the Transition.The advantages of flying cars.The potential market for fl

38、ying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?It causers traffic jams.It is difficult to operate.It is very expensive.It burns too much fuel.What is the govern ment s attitude to the devepment of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C.

39、 Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.What is the best title for the text?Flying Car at Auto ShowThe Transition s First FlightPilots Dream Coming TrueFlying Car Closer to Reality學(xué)模擬精做Passage 1（2018屆江西省金溪一中、余江一中等五市八校高三聯(lián)考）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文中國(guó)對(duì)流失文物的回歸所做的各種努力3016分鐘More than 10 million Chinese cultural relics have be

40、en lost overseas, lots of which were stolen and illegallyshipped out of China during the times of war before 1949. About 1.67mill ion pieces are housed no more than 200 museums in4 7 countries, which accounts for 10 percent of all lost Chinese cultural relics, and the rest are in the hands of privat

41、e collectors.Most of these treasures are owned by museums or private collectors in the United States, Europe, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. There are more than 23, 000 pieces in the British Museum, most of which were stolen or bought for pennies more than 100 years ago.The major method to rec

42、over these national treasures was to buy them back. In some cases, private collectors donated the relics to the government. Also the government can turn lo official channels in) to demand the return ofrelics.In 2003, a priceless bronze pigs head dating from the Qing Dynasty was returned to its home

43、in Beijing after it was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago. Macao entrepreneur（企業(yè)家）Stanley Ho donated 6 million yuan to buy it back from a US art collector and then donated it to the Poly Art Museum in Beijing.Although buying-back is the most feasible way to recover the lost

44、treasures, limited funding is always a bigheadache.In recent years, the Chinese government has improved efforts to recover the precious cultural relics lost overseas. It has started a national project on the recovery of the treasures and has set up a database頷據(jù)庫(kù)） collecting relevant information. It

45、has signed several international agreements with many countries on this matter, and is also looking for international cooperation to recover the relics by working closely with several international organizations.What is the passage mainly about?The ways to recover cultural relicsThe efforts to recov

46、er Chinese cultural relicsStanley Ho donated a bronze pigs head to Beijing.Chinese cultural relics were stolen by the Anglo-French Allied Army.We can infer from the passage that.China has enough money to buy all the cultural relics back.the Chinese government has done a lot to recover the lost cultu

47、ral relicsmany countries have returned the lost cultural relics to China for freeChina is preparing to set up a database to collect information about the lost cultural relics.Which of the following statements about the bronze pigs head is NOT true?It was made in the Qing Dynasty.It is now in the Pol

48、y Art Museum in BeijingIt was donated by the French government to China.It was removed by the Anglo-French Allied Army over 140 years ago.The underlined word feasible in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by .A .possibleB. difficultC. wonderfulD. carefulPassage 2（2018屆河北省邯鄲一中石家莊一中張家口一中保定一中唐山一中高三模擬）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難

49、度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文對(duì)于最悲哀的單詞if only的理解、看法3556分鐘Two of the saddest words in the English language arey ilfferWith the gbaVeftnever having tosay those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying,“Take the extra minute to do it rig

50、ht. I alwa“extra minute rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an“if only moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee awayfrom the edge of a computer, or something that required a little more wo

51、rk such as taping padding （ 襯墊）onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I don t only avoid those“if only moments when it comes to safety. It s equally important to aour personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “

52、Ilove you or forgive you When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday f or my company and I wouldn t be there. But then I thought about the fact that he s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn t give up an opI cal

53、led him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there w ill still be occasions when I have to say“if only about something, but my life is definibetter because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality（可能發(fā)生的事）.And even though it takes an extra

54、 minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I m doing the right thing. I m buying myself peace of minthe best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.Which of the following is an e xample of the “ extra m

55、inute rule ?Start the car the moment everyone is seated.Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to.keep her appointment with

56、the eye doctormeet her father who was already an old manjoin in the holiday celebration of the companyfinish her work before the deadline approaching3.The underlined wordA.abandonedB. lackedC. avoidedD. wasted“foregone in Paragraph 3 is closed in meaning to4.What is the best title for the passageThe

57、 Emotional Well-beingThe Two Saddest WordsThe Most Useful RuleThe Peace of MindPassage 1（2017屆黑龍江大慶一中高三第三段測(cè)）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文全球化導(dǎo)致國(guó)家的獨(dú)特文化沖擊和影響3557分鐘One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationand the growing multi-language trend. One

58、of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries isthe fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states. said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Afri

59、ca at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as

60、advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions（ 規(guī)定）was the 1994 Toubon law in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fa