建立并實(shí)施有效的EMS的步驟-陜西小煤礦環(huán)境治理機(jī)制項(xiàng)目課件

1、Strengthening EG in SCM Industry in Shaan Xi Province, China加強(qiáng)中國陜西小型煤礦的環(huán)境治理工作Training Session 1 Training 2 Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Steps to establish and implement an effective EMS 培訓(xùn)會(huì)議1-培訓(xùn)課程2-環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）建立并實(shí)施有效的EMS的步驟John ClarksonWhat we will cover in this session課程內(nèi)容What is an effec

2、tive EMS?什么是有效的環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）？Brief recap of the two EMS standards and the EMS model2個(gè)EMS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及EMS模型簡要回顧Leadership and commitment from top management最高管理的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和授權(quán)方式Training for environmental awareness at all levels of the organisation & ownership of the EMS by the workforce通過人力為EMS系統(tǒng)中各級(jí)組織和所有者進(jìn)行環(huán)境意識(shí)的培訓(xùn)Resourc

3、e requirement資源需求Funding for EMS implementationEMS實(shí)施基金Where to start and how to grow the system EMS如何開始，如何發(fā)展？The need for good documentation and traceability for auditing purposes良好的文件編制和可追溯性，以備審計(jì)之用。Examples of best practice最佳實(shí)踐The value of the Management Review管理評(píng)審的價(jià)值Public perception公眾認(rèn)知2What is a

4、n effective EMS?什么是有效的環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）？An effective EMS is one that:有效的環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）：Effectively manages and controls the environmental aspects and impacts resulting from an organisations activities, products and services. It should carefully consider environmental aspects, legal requirements, any existing

5、 practices and any previous accidents or incidents arising from the organisations activities, products and services. During the planning phase of the EMS the most significant environmental aspects should be listed and ranked alongside legal criteria. Internal performance criteria and objectives and

6、targets should be set based on the outcome this review to develop a comprehensive management programme which can be easily tracked and reported on.當(dāng)組織進(jìn)行作業(yè)，生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品和提供服務(wù)時(shí)，會(huì)給環(huán)境造成各種影響，對(duì)這些影響進(jìn)行有效管理并控制。需要認(rèn)真考慮影響環(huán)境的各個(gè)方面、法律要求、任何現(xiàn)行的慣例做法，以及任何之前發(fā)生的事故和事件。在環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）的規(guī)劃階段，應(yīng)列出最重要的環(huán)境影響方面和影響等級(jí)，并在旁邊標(biāo)注出法律規(guī)定。應(yīng)回顧事故和事件，制定內(nèi)部

7、執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)，建立起一個(gè)綜合性的管理計(jì)劃，這個(gè)計(jì)劃易于追溯和報(bào)告。Top management need to provide sufficient resource and funding and should be prepared to commit to a programme of continuous improvement. The improvement programme should develop environmental performance indicators (EPIs) which can be measured and controlled and

8、 can be easily tracked and reviewed at regular intervals. 最高管理需要提供充足的資源和資金，保證管理計(jì)劃的實(shí)施和不斷改善。改善計(jì)劃應(yīng)能促進(jìn)環(huán)境績效指標(biāo)（EPIs）的執(zhí)行，保證環(huán)境績效指標(biāo)（EPIs）每隔一段時(shí)間可以進(jìn)行測(cè)量和控制。3Brief recap簡要回顧Two standards: ISO 14001 and ISO 14004兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： ISO 14001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和 ISO 14004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO 14004 follows the same model as I4001 and is based on the Plan-Do-Ch

9、eck-Act (PDCA) model. The model for continuous improvement is the same!ISO 14004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與14001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用同樣的模型，共同依據(jù)計(jì)劃執(zhí)行檢查行動(dòng)（PDCA）模型。使用該模型可以保證系統(tǒng)不斷的完善。ISO 14004 is less onerous than ISO 14001 and does not require external verificationISO 14004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與ISO 14001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比較，ISO 14001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較為繁重，而ISO 14004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無需外部審核。ISO 14004 has more

10、simplified guidance and is probably the better option for SMEs, at least initiallyISO 14004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有更為簡化的指南，尤其適用于中小企業(yè)（SMEs），特別是在起步階段。4檢查不斷改善環(huán)境政策實(shí)施與運(yùn)作計(jì)劃管理評(píng)審Leadership and commitment from top management最高管理的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和授權(quán)方式We have seen from the examples given in previous sessions that it is essential for top managem

11、ent to establish and commit to an environmental policy which covers its activities, products and services. This policy is the starting point for any successful EMS.在之前的培訓(xùn)課程中，已經(jīng)給出了很多的例子，最高管理應(yīng)制定并實(shí)施環(huán)境政策，并將該環(huán)境政策貫徹到作業(yè)，生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品和提供服務(wù)過程中。環(huán)境政策的制定是環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）成功的第一步。Some extracts from policy statements:環(huán)境政策的節(jié)選：UK

12、Coal (deep mining and opencast) commitments to:英國煤炭作業(yè)（深部和露天開采）恪守以下承諾：Minimise pollution and comply with environmental legislation, and any agreements with external organisations in order to comply with ISO 14001.污染最小化并遵守環(huán)境法規(guī)，與外部組織簽訂的任何協(xié)議應(yīng)執(zhí)行ISO 14001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Maintain certification of environmental manageme

13、nt systems to international standards at all mines, and progress certification in other areas of the business.保證所有煤礦的環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)證符合國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完成相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)其他領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)證工作。Set and regularly review objectives and targets to achieve continual improvement in environmental performance, including a reduction in the use of natu

14、ral resources.設(shè)定評(píng)審目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)，并經(jīng)常進(jìn)行評(píng)審，保證環(huán)境績效的不斷改善，包括減少使用自然資源。Use the principles of sustainable development to design new projects and restore completed sites to include long-term environmental or community benefits.貫徹實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則，設(shè)計(jì)新項(xiàng)目，并恢復(fù)已采煤礦，實(shí)現(xiàn)長效環(huán)境和社會(huì)效益。Provide access to contact us about environmental issu

15、es, and give a prompt response.保證暢通的環(huán)境問題溝通機(jī)制，對(duì)環(huán)境問題及時(shí)響應(yīng)。Ensure this policy is communicated to all employees, contractors and suppliers.保證該環(huán)境政策傳達(dá)至所有員工、承包商和供應(yīng)商。Encourage the efficient use of coal with minimum emissions.鼓勵(lì)煤礦的高效使用和最低的排放。Maximise the use of other natural resources recovered with the coal.

16、最大化使用其他的自然資源，恢復(fù)煤礦。5Policy政策 Policy developed for opencast mines and other projects:針對(duì)露天礦和其他項(xiàng)目制定的政策：1. To assess the environmental performance of individual projectsoperated by the Banks Group through a programme of audits andmonitoring.1.由Banks Group公司通過審核和檢測(cè)程序?qū)蝹€(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行環(huán)境績效評(píng)估。2. To ensure continuous i

17、mprovement of the environmental managementsystem and maintain certification to the BS EN ISO 14001:2004standard.2.保證環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的不斷完善，并保證BS EN ISO 14001:2004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的認(rèn)證。3. To ensure that Banks projects are designed, developed and operatedincorporating measures to optimise benefits for the environment andthe loc

18、al community and to prevent adverse impacts associated withour activities.3.確保Banks所有項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)和實(shí)施的整合措施可以優(yōu)化環(huán)境效益和當(dāng)?shù)匦б妫⑶冶苊庾鳂I(yè)所帶來的不利影響。4. To strive to achieve standards above those required by environmentallegislation and to achieve the environmental and sustainableobjectives and actions set down in each

19、 projects environmentalmanagement plan.4.竭盡全力恪守環(huán)境法規(guī)，并應(yīng)用更為嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境管理計(jì)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，并采取行動(dòng)。5. To ensure that energy and natural resources are used efficiently,to minimise wastes for all projects and offices and to incorporatesustainable principles in the way we conduct our business.5.確保使用能源和自然

20、資源的高效性，所有項(xiàng)目和施工單位應(yīng)減少制造廢物，作業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)始終貫徹可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則。6. To communicate the requirements of this policy and to make surethat additional copies of the policy and individual project environmentalmanagement plans are made available to all employees, any suppliersand contractors whose actions could have a significan

21、t environmentalimpact and to the public or any other interested parties that requestsuch information.6.將環(huán)境政策的要求進(jìn)行傳達(dá)，確保將環(huán)境政策和單個(gè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境管理計(jì)劃文本進(jìn)行復(fù)印，將其傳達(dá)到所有員工；如果任何供應(yīng)商和承包商采取的行動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成重要影響，并對(duì)公眾造成影響，或?qū)θ魏纹渌嚓P(guān)方造成影響，則需提供此類信息。6Available resource and training可用資源和培訓(xùn)Sufficient trained resource must be made available

22、 at the outset to implement, manage and maintain the system. All levels of the organisation must have a basic environmental awareness training and a trainer should be appointed who is familiar with EMS standards.從一開始就必須準(zhǔn)備充足的培訓(xùn)資源，用以實(shí)施、管理并維系環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行。所有組織的各個(gè)層面必須具備基本的環(huán)境意識(shí)培訓(xùn)知識(shí)；應(yīng)指定一位熟悉環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）的培訓(xùn)人員。En

23、vironmental awareness training should cover:環(huán)境意識(shí)培訓(xùn)包括：Legal requirements (permits, consents etc.) - essentially the licence to operate法律要求（許可、同意，等等.）-最基本的經(jīng)營執(zhí)照General principles of pollution and pollution control and the principle of:污染的總體原則及污染控制，和以下原則：Source Pathway Receptor來源-途徑-受體Mining specific is

24、sues:采煤具體情況：Minewater and mine gas礦井水和礦井瓦斯Dust粉塵Waste management廢物管理Energy management能源管理Transport運(yùn)輸Noise and vibration噪音和震動(dòng)Mine Closure礦山關(guān)閉Restoration修復(fù)Ecology生態(tài) Emergency preparedness and response應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備和響應(yīng) EMS basicsEMS基本要素7Resource requirement資源需求The organisation should determine and make available

25、 appropriate resources to establish, implement, maintain and improve the Environmental Management System (EMS). These resources should be provided in a timely and efficient manner.應(yīng)當(dāng)確定并使用適當(dāng)?shù)馁Y源，建立、實(shí)施、維持并改善環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）。這些資源應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)有效。For the EMS to be effective there must be commitment from top management

26、and the workforce must embrace and own the EMS to ensure success保證環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）的有效性，一定需要最高管理的決心，必須配備足夠的人力來實(shí)施，并建立符合自身需求的環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS），從而才能保證環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）的成功。A Management Representative needs to be appointed for overall control and administration of the EMS and the nominated person must be have sufficient a

27、uthority, awareness and competence to establish and improve the system and to report to top management on opportunities for improvement應(yīng)指定一個(gè)管理代表，負(fù)責(zé)環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）整體的控制和管理；所指定的管理代表必須有足夠的權(quán)威、意識(shí)和能力來建立，并改善環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS），向最高管理層報(bào)告，以求不斷對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改善。In some organisations the environmental resource is often combined with

28、 Heath and Safety functions to provide a comprehensive Environmental, Heath and Safety (EHS) function. 在一些組織機(jī)構(gòu)中，環(huán)境資源往往與健康和安全功能相關(guān)聯(lián)；因此，環(huán)境資源應(yīng)當(dāng)提供一個(gè)綜合性的環(huán)境、健康和安全（EHS）功能。 8Funding for EMS implementationEMS實(shí)施基金Top Management must provide sufficient funding to establish and maintain the EMS and to make impro

29、vements to the system and to equipment高層管理應(yīng)給予充足的基金，用以建立并維持環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS），對(duì)該系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備進(jìn)行改善；Certification to 14001 and external verification of the EMS will cost around 6000 per annum to maintain14001認(rèn)證及環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）的外部審核費(fèi)用為6000 每年；Funding will be required for any additional resource任何額外其他資源需要資金支持；Funding will

30、be required for any mitigation, monitoring and measuring, any new technology etc.任何緩解措施、檢測(cè)和測(cè)量，以及新科技的引用均需要資金支持。9Where to start and how to grow the systemEMS如何開始，如何發(fā)展？Start with an Initial Review gather as much data as possible and use as a baseline從先期審查開始-盡可能多的搜集數(shù)據(jù)，并使用收集的數(shù)據(jù)作為基礎(chǔ)List all suppliers, cus

31、tomers and contractors and check their environmental credentials列出所有的供應(yīng)商、客戶和承包商；檢查他們的環(huán)保證明Make a list of aspects and impacts and use a matrix to determine their significance列出所有涉及的方面和影響，使用矩陣，確定他們各自的重要性Write a policy statement and get a “sign off” from top management (CEO or similar)寫出環(huán)境政策聲明，并獲得高層管理層的

32、“簽字保證”（CEO或同等級(jí)別管理人員）Consider what objectives and targets to set for the coming year and set the timescale考慮來年的目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)，并設(shè)定時(shí)間表Start off with simple objectives which can be relatively easy to achieve sometimes referred to as “easy wins” or “l(fā)ow hanging fruit”. This builds confidence in the system and get

33、s employees in the right mindset先由簡單的目標(biāo)開始，因?yàn)楹唵蔚哪繕?biāo)比較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)-有時(shí)被稱為“容易的成功”或“能夠到的果子”。通過簡單的目標(biāo)，可以在系統(tǒng)中建立起自信心，讓所有員工樹立起正確的心態(tài)；Use SMART (described in next slide) for setting objectives and targets使用SMART（見下頁），建立目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)；Dont overstretch initially開始階段，不要要求過高；Ensure good documentation and records are in place for aud

34、iting purposes保證良好的文件編制和記錄，以供審計(jì)之用；Build teams and set dates for internal audits組建團(tuán)隊(duì)，并設(shè)定日期進(jìn)行內(nèi)部審計(jì)；Ensure corrective action can be attained in a reasonable timescale確保在合理的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成矯正措施；Set a date and a time for the Management Review設(shè)定管理評(píng)審的日期和時(shí)間。10Setting meaningful Objectives and Targets設(shè)定有意義的目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)Use SMAR

35、T goals使用SMART目標(biāo)：Specific具體Measurable可測(cè)量Attainable or Achievable可實(shí)現(xiàn)Realistic實(shí)事求是Timely 及時(shí)響應(yīng)11What is Specific?什么是具體? Specific: A specific goal has a much greater chance of being accomplished than a general goal. To set a specific goal you must answer the six “W” questions:具體：一個(gè)具體的目標(biāo)，與一個(gè)總體目標(biāo)相比較，更易于實(shí)現(xiàn)

36、。設(shè)定一個(gè)具體的目標(biāo)，必須回答6個(gè)問題： *Who: Who is involved?相關(guān)方：誰是相關(guān)方？ *What: What do I want to accomplish?做什么：我想要實(shí)現(xiàn)什么？ *Where: Identify a location.哪里：確定一個(gè)位置。 *When: Establish a time frame.時(shí)間：建立一個(gè)時(shí)間框架； *Which: Identify requirements and constraints.哪一些：確定需求和約束條件； *Why: Specific reasons, purpose or benefits of accompl

37、ishing the goal.為什么：實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的具體原因、目的和效益；EXAMPLE: A general goal would be “Establish an EMS”. A specific goal would be “Install an EMS at the mine to ISO 14004 by the end of 2014” 例如：一個(gè)總體目標(biāo)位“建立一個(gè)環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）；而一個(gè)具體的目標(biāo)為“截止到2014年年底，在煤礦單位建立一個(gè)符合14004標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）”。12What is Measurable? 什么是可測(cè)量？Measurable - Est

38、ablish concrete criteria for measuring progress toward the attainment of each goal you set.可測(cè)量-指建立一個(gè)具體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用以衡量每個(gè)設(shè)定目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展?fàn)顩r。 When you measure your progress, you stay on track, reach your target dates, and experience the sense of achievement that spurs you on to continued effort required to reach your

39、goal.進(jìn)行進(jìn)展?fàn)顩r測(cè)量時(shí)，開始實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，依照目標(biāo)日期，并獲得成就的滿足感，激發(fā)完成目標(biāo)的不斷努力，以達(dá)目標(biāo)。 To determine if your goal is measurable, ask questions such as確定目標(biāo)是否為可測(cè)量目標(biāo)，需要問如下的問題. How much? How many?多少？ How will I know when it is accomplished?怎么知道目標(biāo)什么時(shí)候達(dá)成？Decide what the metrics will be. If you cant measure you can not control!確定度量值。如果無

40、法測(cè)量，則意味著無法控制！EXAMPLE: How many tonnes of water are used per tonne of output例如：一公噸的產(chǎn)出需要使用多少公噸的水？13What is Attainable?什么是可實(shí)現(xiàn)？ Attainable - Almost any goal is attainable when you plan your steps wisely and establish a time frame that allows you to carry out those steps.可實(shí)現(xiàn)-幾乎任何目標(biāo)都是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，關(guān)鍵在于是否合理規(guī)劃，并且建立

41、起一個(gè)時(shí)間框架，在確定的時(shí)間完成了計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)。The goal must be attainable in the timeframe stated otherwise it becomes meaningless and the EMS and its owners lose credibility 如果在時(shí)間框架內(nèi)無法完成目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)則喪失了意義；環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)（EMS）及其所有者都將喪失了可信性；EXAMPLE: A company report on Environmental Performance will be given annually starting in Quarter 1

42、 2015例如：從2015年第一季度開始，應(yīng)每年提交環(huán)境績效的公司報(bào)告。Note: If this cant be achieved then it should not be proposed!注釋：如果這一報(bào)告無法提交，則不應(yīng)當(dāng)有提交該報(bào)告的提議！14What is Realistic? 什么是實(shí)事求是Realistic- To be realistic, a goal must represent an objective which you know can be achieved within the availability of knowledge and time e.g. S

43、omething that has been done by others in a similar industry實(shí)事求是-在于目標(biāo)在認(rèn)知和時(shí)間把控上，必須是已知可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。如：在類似行業(yè)中，其他人曾做過。EXAMPLE: Dust suppression when loading lorries carrying coal例如：裝載卡車運(yùn)輸煤炭時(shí)應(yīng)進(jìn)行防塵處理15What is Timely?什么是及時(shí)響應(yīng)？ Timely - Enough time to achieve the goal及時(shí)響應(yīng)-實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的足夠時(shí)間Is there a time limit Legal require

44、ment? Not too much time otherwise the objective can not be achieved. If a legal requirement this becomes a system non-conformance.是否有時(shí)間限制-該時(shí)間限制是法規(guī)要求？需要足夠的時(shí)間來完成目標(biāo)。如果一個(gè)法律要求與系統(tǒng)不符。EXAMPLE: A lorry wheel and body wash will be installed by January 2015 . 例如：截止2015年1月，將安裝一個(gè)卡車車輪，并對(duì)車身進(jìn)行清洗。16The need for good

45、 documentation and traceability良好的文件編制和追溯性The need for key registers and manuals needs to decided for auditing and traceability purposes確定主要登記信息和手冊(cè)，以便審核并追溯Some examples of the types of documents that are required:所需文件類型，例如：Legal register法定登記Document describing the activities, products and services 描

46、述作業(yè)、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的文件；The Environmental Policy環(huán)境政策；Aspects and impacts register (risk register)方面和影響登記信息（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)登記）；Current Objectives and Targets當(dāng)前目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)；Environmental Assurance Manual環(huán)保手冊(cè)；Environmental Procedures Manual環(huán)境程序手冊(cè)；Results of environmental monitoring & monitoring trends air, water and land環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)和監(jiān)測(cè)趨勢(shì)結(jié)果-

47、空氣、水和土地；Incident/Accident reports事件/事故報(bào)告；Audit reports internal and external審計(jì)報(bào)告-內(nèi)部審計(jì)報(bào)告和外部審計(jì)報(bào)告Complaints register投訴登記These documents can be hard copy or saved electronically Consider SAFE and number of years for storage normally 5 years minimum 這些文件可以是硬拷貝，或者電子保存-要考慮安全和文件存貯的年數(shù)-最低通常為5年。17Examples of best practice最佳實(shí)踐案例18Many exa