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1、 . . 19/19 HYPERLINK :/ HYPERLINK :/ 更多企業(yè)學(xué)院：中小企業(yè)管理全能版183套講座+89700份資料總經(jīng)理、高層管理49套講座+16388份資料中層管理學(xué)院46套講座+6020份資料國學(xué)智慧、易經(jīng)46套講座人力資源學(xué)院56套講座+27123份資料各階段員工培訓(xùn)學(xué)院77套講座+ 324份資料員工管理企業(yè)學(xué)院67套講座+ 8720份資料工廠生產(chǎn)管理學(xué)院52套講座+ 13920份資料財務(wù)管理學(xué)院53套講座+ 17945份資料銷售經(jīng)理學(xué)院56套講座+ 14350份資料銷售人員培訓(xùn)學(xué)院72套講座+ 4879份資料What are you offering the cu

2、stomer?你能提供什么客戶？A business concept solves a problem or meets a need on the market. One of the keys to success is therefore to see what needs or problems customers have and then to offer them a solution.企業(yè)的經(jīng)營理念能夠解決問題，或滿足市場需要。成功的關(guān)鍵之一是因此看到什么需求或問題的客戶，并為他們提供了一個解決方案。Your business concept can be selling an

3、 established service or product in a new way focusing on a completely new customer group selling a completely new service or product您的業(yè)務(wù)概念可以會既定的服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品在出售出售一個全新的服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品的全新客戶組為重點的新方法Identify what is unique about your business Sometimes there is room on the market for several actors selling the same servi

4、ce or product, but it is often valuable to identify your own market profile.確定哪些是唯一對您的業(yè)務(wù)有時有房在市場銷售的一樣的服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品，幾個演員，但卻往往有價值來確定自己的市場配置文件。A good business concept answers the following questions: Who is the customer? What can the business offer the customer? What is unique about the offer for the customer?

5、良好的商業(yè)概念回答了下列問題： 客戶是誰？什么可以業(yè)務(wù)提供客戶？關(guān)于為客戶提供獨特的是什么？Consider what entrepreneurs in other industries do that could inspire you in your operations to develop your business concept and your business.考慮什么企業(yè)家在其他行業(yè)做，能夠激勵你在您發(fā)展您的業(yè)務(wù)概念和您的業(yè)務(wù)的操作。You should be able to answer the following questions about your business

6、 concept:您應(yīng)該能夠回答下面的問題對您的業(yè)務(wù)概念：What is the purpose of my business on the market?我在市場上的目的是業(yè)務(wù)的什么？Is there a need for my product or service?是否需要我的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)嗎？On what market or markets is my business operating? Who are the customers?我的業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營上哪些市場或市場？客戶是誰？Is my business concept unique? If not, what distinguishes

7、my business concept from competitors?我的經(jīng)營理念是唯一的嗎？如果不是，與競爭對手的區(qū)別在于我的業(yè)務(wù)概念嗎？What will make customers choose my business ahead of competitors?什么會讓客戶選擇我的競爭對手領(lǐng)先的業(yè)務(wù)？What are the key profitability factors for my business?為我的企業(yè)的盈利能力的關(guān)鍵因素是什么？Is my business concept affected by cyclical changes in the economy?我的

8、經(jīng)營理念被受經(jīng)濟(jì)的周期性變化嗎？Make a business plan制定業(yè)務(wù)計劃No matter what you work on, you have everything to gain from planning your start and being well prepared. This is usually called making a business plan. In the business plan you describe how you are going to put your business concept into effect so that you

9、have clear objectives for your operations. Think through your business concept carefully before starting up. Describe不管你什么工作，你會得到一切從規(guī)劃啟動和人，以與編寫。這通常被稱為制定業(yè)務(wù)計劃。在業(yè)務(wù)計劃中你描述你如何使您的業(yè)務(wù)概念生效，以便為您的操作有明確的目標(biāo)。三思通過您的業(yè)務(wù)概念做起。描述what good or service you want to sell什么好或您要銷售的服務(wù)who is going to buy the good or service誰來買好或

10、服務(wù)what the market looks like市場是什么樣子your advantages and disadvantages compared with competitors您與競爭對手相比的利弊Your business plan has to develop along with your business您的業(yè)務(wù)計劃，隨著您的業(yè)務(wù)When you yourself have a good grasp of what you want to do in your business and how it is going to be done, you can be more

11、convincing in getting other people to listen and take an interest. Suppliers and customers may also be interested in seeing your business plan. Your business plan has to be a living document that keeps pace with the development of your business and is updated regularly.當(dāng)你自己掌握您要在您的業(yè)務(wù)和如何去做時，你可以得到傾聽和感興

12、趣的其他人更令人信服。供應(yīng)商和客戶可能還想看看你的商業(yè)計劃。您的業(yè)務(wù)計劃必須是一個活動文檔，跟您的業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展，并會定期更新。Contents of a business plan商業(yè)計劃書的容A business plan has to be easy to understand. It has to contain facts and be serious, but it also has to arouse interest. A business plan may be more or less detailed depending on the particular business.

13、 Some points that are generally always included are information about商業(yè)計劃必須是易于理解。它包含事實和嚴(yán)重，但也有興趣。商業(yè)計劃書，可能更多或更少取決于特定的業(yè)務(wù)的詳細(xì)。通?？偸前囊恍┮c是有關(guān)的信息the owner(s) of the company業(yè)主（）的公司experience and expertise經(jīng)驗和專業(yè)知識business concept經(jīng)營理念product or service, including pricing產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，包括定價market and customers市場和客戶compe

14、titors競爭對手marketing strategy營銷策略Suppliers供應(yīng)商resource needs資源需求budgets and cashflow and profit forecasts預(yù)算和現(xiàn)金流和利潤預(yù)測timetable and plan of activities時間表和計劃的活動Own contribution自己的貢獻(xiàn)Funding the start-up啟動資金During the initial period before sales have got off the ground, you need starting capital. Most busi

15、nesses need to be built up over several years before they become profitable, and it is as well to be prepared for this from the outset. After that, the day-to-day operations in the business will be funded from sales revenue.初期銷售過了地面之前, 您需要啟動資金。大多數(shù)企業(yè)需要建立多年前他們成為有利可圖的它也是從一開始就對此有所準(zhǔn)備。之后，將從銷售收入資助企業(yè)的日常運(yùn)作。O

16、wn funds and hard work自己的資金和辛勤工作So it may be some time before you can take a fixed salary from your business. But the bills will continue to come in as usual. This is why it is important to get through the initial period without income. You can do so by using savings, getting an extra job or staying

17、 on in your old employment during your start-up, perhaps on a part-time basis. The great bulk of entrepreneurs start their business from their own funds and hard work.所以它可能是一段時間才可以采取固定的工資從您的業(yè)務(wù)。但這項條例草案會繼續(xù)像往常一樣進(jìn)來。這就是為什么很重要的是要通過初期沒有收入。您可以通過使用儲蓄，獲得額外的工作或留在您老的就業(yè)期間你的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)，可能以兼職形式。大批量的企業(yè)家開始他們的業(yè)務(wù)，從他們自己的資金和艱苦

18、的工作。Work out your private costs找出您的私人成本Try to form a view of how much money you need to start your business and to cover your running expenditure for operating the business over a six-month period. At the same time, you must work out your private costs so that you have enough money left to live on.嘗

19、試到窗體視圖的多少錢您需要啟動您的業(yè)務(wù)和經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)，為期六個月您正在運(yùn)行的開支。同時，你必須出您的私人成本工作，因此，您有足夠的錢左活下去。When you start a business you may need money for當(dāng)您啟動業(yè)務(wù)時，您可能需要為錢buying machinery, equipment and so on購買機(jī)械和設(shè)備等marketing, such as advertising and brochures市場營銷、 廣告和宣傳手冊等current expenditure such as rent, telephone bills, office supplie

20、s and so on當(dāng)前的開支，例如租金、 費(fèi)、 辦公用品等Sole trader唯一的商人Being a sole trader may suit you if you are going to start a business on your own. You are not required to put up any capital, but there is no clear dividing line either between you personally and your business with regard to finances. A sole trader bus

21、iness is always owned by a person. Spouses or cohabiting partners with common children can operate a sole trader business together.被個體經(jīng)營可能適合你如果你打算自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。不需要任何的資本，但有沒有明確劃分線之間你要么親自和您的業(yè)務(wù)方面的資助。個體經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)始終是一個人所擁有的。配偶或同居伙伴與普通孩子們可以一起經(jīng)營個體經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)。Not a legal person不是一個法人A sole trader is not a legal person. The busin

22、ess operators personal identity number is used as the organisation registration number of the business. This means that as a sole trader you are personally liable for all the obligations of the business, such as debts and agreements made. For example, it is you as a private person, and not the busin

23、ess, that rents premises. This also means that you must pay all the debts of the business by yourself if there is not enough money in the business. You can reduce some of the personal risk by taking business insurance.個體經(jīng)營不是法律的人。經(jīng)營者的個人身份被用作業(yè)務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)注冊。這意味著作為個體經(jīng)營，你是個人法律責(zé)任的業(yè)務(wù)，如債務(wù)和訂立協(xié)議的所有義務(wù)。例如，是你作為一個私人的人和業(yè)

24、務(wù)的處所的租金。這也意味著你必須支付業(yè)務(wù)的所有債務(wù)自己如果業(yè)務(wù)中不會有足夠的錢。通過以商業(yè)保險可以減少一些個人承擔(dān)風(fēng)險。You can employ staff您可以使用工作人員A sole trader can employ staff. When you employ someone you take on certain obligations and it can therefore be a good idea to give extra thought to the question of personal liability.個體經(jīng)營可以雇用工作人員。當(dāng)你雇你承擔(dān)的某些義務(wù)和它因

25、此可以是一個好的主意，給予額外認(rèn)為個人的責(zé)任問題。You can have several business operations你可以有幾種業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)營In most cases, sole traders do not need to have an auditor, but all sole traders are required to maintain accounting records. You can have several business operations of different kinds as a sole trader. They do not need to b

26、e reported and taxed separately since they are counted as a single business.在大多數(shù)情況下，唯一的交易者不需要有一名核數(shù)師，但唯一的所有交易須保持會計記錄。您可以作為個體經(jīng)營有幾個不同種類的業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)營。他們不需要能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)和分開課稅，因為他們也被算作是一個單一的企業(yè)。Sole trader唯一的商人Register with the Swedish Companies Registration Office.注冊與瑞典公司注冊辦事處。As a sole trader you can register a name for

27、your business with the Swedish Companies Registration Office. Even though there is no requirement to register the business, it can be a good idea since this gives you sole right to the name in your county. When you have registered the name of your business, you have a sole proprietorship. It is the

28、name of the business that is the actual trading name.作為唯一的交易中，您可以注冊名稱為您的業(yè)務(wù)與瑞典公司注冊辦事處。即使有沒有規(guī)定辦理商業(yè)登記，它可以是個好主意，因為這給你唯一縣中的名稱權(quán)。當(dāng)您注冊您的業(yè)務(wù)的名稱時，你就會有獨資企業(yè)。它是生意，那就是交易的實際名稱的名稱。The registration fee has to be paid to the Swedish Companies Registration Office before the application is processed. When your business

29、has been registered, you get a registration certificate from the Swedish Companies Registration Office.注冊費(fèi)已處理應(yīng)用程序之前，須繳付瑞典公司注冊辦事處。時已注冊您的業(yè)務(wù)，從瑞典公司注冊辦事處獲得注冊證書。Apply to the Swedish Tax Agency for F tax適用于 F 稅瑞典稅務(wù)代理When you start a business as a sole trader, you have to apply to the Swedish Tax Agency for

30、 F tax, either on the Internet or by using the form Skatte- och avgiftsanmlan Notification for tax and contributions. This form is the basis for your application for F tax, VAT registration and, where relevant, registration as an employer.當(dāng)你開始創(chuàng)業(yè)作為一個個體，你必須申請瑞典稅務(wù)代理稅務(wù)，無論是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或使用的形式，skatte-和avgiftsanm局域

31、網(wǎng)通知稅和貢獻(xiàn)。這種形式的基礎(chǔ)是您的應(yīng)用程序為稅，增值稅登記，登記有關(guān)，如雇主。If you also are an employee如果你也是一名雇員If you are an employee today and are going to start a business alongside your employment or if you think that you will have income from employment while you have your business, you should apply for FA tax status.如果您今天是雇員，要靠你

32、的就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)或者你認(rèn)為，雖然你有你的業(yè)務(wù)你將有就業(yè)收入，你應(yīng)該申請 FA 繳稅。AccountsManual or electronic accounts手動或電子You can either keep manual accounts in a cash book or keep electronic accounts using computer programmes. The principle is the same no matter which method you choose. There are several producers of accounting programs.

33、What program is most suitable depends on what type of business you are running. You can often get the opportunity to test a program for a certain period of time before you must pay for a program licence.您可以手動記帳現(xiàn)金簿中或保持電子使用計算機(jī)方案。原則是一樣無論哪種方法，您選擇的。有幾個生產(chǎn)者的會計程序。最適合什么程序取決于您運(yùn)行的什么類型的業(yè)務(wù)。通常，您可以測試一個程序，一段時間之前你必須

34、賠償程序牌照的機(jī)會。Do your own accounts or engage outside assistance做自己的，或聘請外部援助Doing your own accounts takes time, but it does provide good insight into what is happening in your business. If you choose to engage a practising accountant, a book-keeping agency or some other professional assistance, you will

35、reduce your workload and have an expert to discuss things with.做自己的需要時間，但它不會提供好的消費(fèi)者洞察到發(fā)生在您的業(yè)務(wù)。如果您選擇進(jìn)行執(zhí)業(yè)會計師，簿記機(jī)構(gòu)或一些其他專業(yè)的援助，將降低您的工作負(fù)荷和有專家討論的東西。Accounts provide information about the situation in your business提供有關(guān)情況的信息，在您的業(yè)務(wù)Accounts give you financial information about your business. You can use your a

36、ccounts to produce up-to-date status reports every month that give you answers to questions like:給您您的業(yè)務(wù)的財務(wù)資料。生產(chǎn)每個月給你問題的答案的最新狀態(tài)報告，您可以使用您的：What was the profit or loss for the month?月是利潤或損失什么？What is the profit or loss like compared with the previous month or year?什么是利潤或類似損失相比前一個月或一年？What does this mea

37、n in the short term and how will it affect the business in the longer term?在短期這意味著什么和它如何會影響業(yè)務(wù)長遠(yuǎn)？How much money can I take out of the business?我的生意能多少錢？Other parties also want to know how your business is doing其他各方也想知道您的業(yè)務(wù)如何做If you need finance for your business operations, lenders will want to know

38、if your business is creditworthy. Suppliers may also be interested in seeing the financial position of your business. Especially if you want to buy on credit (be invoiced). Your accounts are also the basis for the taxation of your business. They are where you get the information for your income tax

39、return.Sole trader如果您需要為您的業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)營的財務(wù)，放款人會想知道如果您的業(yè)務(wù)是信譽(yù)。供應(yīng)商也可能希望看到您的業(yè)務(wù)的財務(wù)狀況。尤其是如果你想要買信用 (開票)。您的也是業(yè)務(wù)的您的征稅的基礎(chǔ)。它們在您獲得的信息為您的所得稅申報表。個體經(jīng)營As a sole trader you pay tax on the profit in your business. The profit in your business is your revenue less your costs. You are also entitled to make a standard deduction o

40、f 25 per cent for social security contributions for self-employed persons, which are deductible. The amount of the profit that is left after the standard deduction is called the surplus from business operations.作為個體經(jīng)營你支付利潤稅在您的業(yè)務(wù)。您的業(yè)務(wù)的利潤是你的收入減去您的成本。你也有權(quán)為自雇人士，均可扣除社會保障捐款 25%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)扣除供款。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)扣除業(yè)務(wù)從調(diào)用盈余后留下的利潤總額。

41、Own drawings自己的圖紙Since you cannot be employed in your own sole trader business, you cannot take out a salary. The money you take out of the business is called own drawings instead.因為你不能從事個體經(jīng)營自己的生意，你不能拿出一份薪水。這筆錢，你帶出來的業(yè)務(wù)稱為自己的繪圖相反。After paying your own social security contributions and local tax and an

42、y national income tax, you can make your own withdrawals from what is left of the surplus from the business. You can make own drawings at any time during the year. Just make sure that you have money left for payments of preliminary tax.之后支付自己的社會保障繳款和地方稅收與任何國家收入稅，可以使你自己取款業(yè)務(wù)從剩余的左邊是什么。您可以在任何一年的時間使自己繪圖。

43、只需確保你有離開的初步稅收支付的錢。You pay your tax in advance你提前交稅A preliminary calculation of your tax is made ahead of your business start when you apply for F tax. After that you pay the tax on a monthly basis. Then, in connection with your tax return, a comparison is made of your preliminary payments and what p

44、rofit you actually made. After that you are notified of your final tax.當(dāng)你申請 F 稅時，初步計算你的稅由領(lǐng)先的業(yè)務(wù)啟動。后，您支付每月稅。然后，與你的報稅表，比較由你的初步付款和什么利潤你其實作出。后，會通知您的您最后評稅。Employing staff雇用員工The main principle under the Employment Protection Act is that employment contracts are valid for an indefinite term unless otherwis

45、e stated explicitly in the employment contract. Indefinite-term, or permanent, employment is the most common form of employment in Sweden. It does not end automatically at a particular point in time and must be terminated by the employee or by you as the employer. In the employment contract you have

46、 to state how long the period of notice is. 根據(jù)就業(yè)保護(hù)法 的主要原則是雇傭合約有效期為無限期，除非另有聲明顯式的雇傭合約。不定中期或長期的就業(yè)是在瑞典就業(yè)的最常見的形式。它不會自動在特定點的時間，必須作為雇主終止由雇員或你。就業(yè)是通知的您要聲明多長時間期限的合同。Begin by employing staff for a probationary period首先雇用人員的試用期Before you offer a person employment for an indefinite term, you have the option of e

47、mploying the person for a probationary period of up to six months. The idea of probation is that it will be converted into employment for an indefinite term at the end of the probationary period.您提供無限期的人就業(yè)之前，您可以為六個月的試用期雇用該人的選擇。緩刑的想法是它將被轉(zhuǎn)換為就業(yè)的暫準(zhǔn)期月底為無限期的。Temporary employment臨時工作A temporary employment

48、contract must be agreed specially between the employer and the employee. A temporary employment contract must also be permitted under the Employment Protection Act or a collective agreement.特別在雇主與雇員之間，必須同意臨時雇傭合約。此外必須根據(jù)就業(yè)保護(hù)法 或集體協(xié)議允許臨時雇傭合約。The following forms of temporary employment are permitted:允許下列

49、形式的臨時就業(yè)機(jī)會：general fixed-term employment總期限勞動temporary replacement work臨時更換工作seasonal employment季節(jié)性就業(yè)a retired person over the age of 67 years一個退休的人年齡超過67歲Be clear in the contract在合同中予以明確Be careful to make sure that the employment contract clearly states that it refers to temporary employment and wha

50、t type of temporary employment is involved.請務(wù)必確保就業(yè)明確合同，它指的是臨時就業(yè)和涉與哪種類型的臨時就業(yè)機(jī)會的國家。Being an entrepreneur in Sweden在瑞典的企業(yè)家Are you considering starting a company or selling your services in Sweden? As an EU citizen, you have the same rights and obligations as a Swedish entrepreneur.您正在考慮成立一家公司或銷售你的服務(wù)在瑞典

51、嗎？作為歐盟公民，作為瑞典企業(yè)家有同樣的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。The freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services are two fundamental freedoms central to the EU internal market. This means that, as an EU citizen, you may operate a business in Sweden and have the same rights and obligations as Swedish entrepreneurs. For ex

52、ample, you are required to re中央對歐盟部市場的兩個基本自由建立自由和自由地提供服務(wù)。這意味著作為歐盟公民，可經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)在瑞典和有同等的權(quán)利和義務(wù)作為瑞典企業(yè)家。例如，您要注冊您的公司，如果您的商務(wù)活動需要一個 F 稅、 增值稅和許可證申請。gister your company, apply for F tax and VAT and a permit if your business activities require one.Registering with the Swedish Migration Board登記與瑞典移民局As an EU citizen

53、, you have right of residence in Sweden. This means you may stay in Sweden for more than three months without a residence permit. You are required to register with the Swedish Migration Board no later than three months after your arrival in Sweden. If you work in Sweden but reside in another EU coun

54、try and return there at least once a week, there is no requirement to register in Sweden.作為歐盟公民，你有在瑞典居住權(quán)。這意味著您可能在瑞典逗留三個多月沒有居住證。您要注冊與瑞典移民局不遲于您抵達(dá)瑞典后三個月。如果您在瑞典工作但駐留在另一個歐盟國家中，有返回每周至少一次，并無在瑞典注冊的規(guī)定。Before you can register with the Swedish Migration Board as self-employed, you must be able to show evidence

55、 of company registration or other documents showing that you have your own company. This is why it is important to contact the Swedish Companies Registration Office and the Swedish Tax Agency to register your company first.您可以注冊與瑞典移民局為自雇人士之前，您必須能夠顯示公司注冊的證據(jù)或其他文件表明，你有你自己的公司。這就是為什么，聯(lián)絡(luò)瑞典公司注冊辦事處與瑞典稅務(wù)代理首先

56、登記您的公司很重要。Providers of services must also show other documents in addition tocopies of passports or ID document when registering. These documents may describe the type of service and the duration of the service provision. The document must be in writing and signed by the recipient of the service.注冊時

57、，服務(wù)提供商必須還顯示在護(hù)照副本之外的其它文檔 ID。這些文檔可能描述了服務(wù)的類型和各項服務(wù)的持續(xù)時間。文檔必須以書面作出和簽署的這項服務(wù)的收件人。Coordination number配位數(shù)If you are providing services for a period exceeding six months, your income will normally be taxed in Sweden. If this is the case, you will be allocated a coordination number when you register with the S

58、wedish Tax Agency. This replaces the personal identity number and is used in contacts with authorities - when you apply to the Tax Agency for F tax, for example.如果您正在提供服務(wù)超過六個月期間的，你的收入通常會在瑞典征稅。如果出現(xiàn)這種情況，您將會分配大量協(xié)調(diào)與瑞典稅務(wù)代理在注冊時。這將替代個人身份，并用于與當(dāng)局的聯(lián)系人中，例如應(yīng)用于 F 稅方面，稅務(wù)代理時。How Sweden is governed瑞典的統(tǒng)治方式Sweden has

59、 been a member of the EU since 1995. At national level, Sweden is governed by the Government and the Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament). The Government is supported by ministries and authorities.瑞典自 1995 年以來一直為歐盟成員國。在國家一級，瑞典被受政府和議會 （瑞典議會）。政府各部和機(jī)構(gòu)的支持。Parliamentary elections are held every four years in Sweden. Parliament elects a Prime Minister who in turn elects a government. Sweden has been governed by a four-party centre-right alliance since the 2010 elections. Fredrik Reinfeldt is the countrys Prime Minister.議會選舉每四年在瑞典。議會選舉又選出的政府總理。瑞典均受四方中間偏右聯(lián)盟自 2010 年選舉。該國的首相弗雷德里克 賴因費(fèi)爾特。At regional level, S