6配置IP地址（基礎(chǔ)教育）

1、配置IP地址 完成本章的學(xué)習(xí)后,您可以完成下面的任務(wù): 分配IP地址, 區(qū)分地址級(jí)別, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)部分和主機(jī)部分給定IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼,計(jì)算相應(yīng)的子網(wǎng)根據(jù)給定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼配置IP地址把主機(jī)名和一個(gè)IP地址做一個(gè)映射利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中路由器的IP地址目標(biāo)TCP/IP 地址概述唯一的地址分配機(jī)制保證通訊的可靠性根據(jù)所處的位置選擇路徑用地址代表網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備所處的位置TCP/IP 地址入門UNIX 主機(jī)UNIX 主機(jī)公司 A公司B地址分配32 BitsNetworkHost8 Bits172 . 16 . 122 . 2048 Bits8 Bits8 BitsClass A: Class B: Cl

2、ass C: Class D: 用于組播(multicast) Class E: 用于研究N = 網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào) H = 主機(jī)號(hào)IP 地址分配NHHHNNHHNNNH不同IP地址Bit位的區(qū)別1724Class A:# Bits114161Class B:# Bits121811Class C:# Bits0network #host #1network #host #01network #host #10識(shí)別IP地址的類別High OrderBitsOctet inDecimalAddressClass0101101 -126 128 -191192 -223ABC練習(xí): IP 地址的級(jí)別Addre

3、ssClassNetworkHost004620練習(xí)答案: IP 地址的級(jí)別AddressClassNetworkHost004620ABCCBNonexistent0046配置IP地址主機(jī)地址02IP: 118IP: E0E1172.161212NetworkHost.NetworkInterfaceE0E1Routing TableNetwork 無(wú)子網(wǎng)時(shí)的地址分配Network 有子網(wǎng)時(shí)的地址分配子網(wǎng)地址0060IP: 0050IP: E0E1172.162160NetworkHost.NetworkInterfaceE0E1New Routing TableSubnet子網(wǎng)掩碼1721

4、600255255002552552550IPAddressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostUse host bits, starting at thehigh order bit positionNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHostIP地址的二進(jìn)制和十進(jìn)制表示法的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255128 6432168421練習(xí):子網(wǎng)掩碼AddressSu

5、bnet MaskClassSubnet002練習(xí)(答案):子網(wǎng)掩碼AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet002BAA規(guī)劃IP子網(wǎng)Other subnets20 subnets5 hosts per subnetClass C address: 628IP Host Address:20Subnet Mask: Subnet Address = Host Addresses = -54Broadcast Address = 55Eight bits of subnettingNetworkSubnetHost172162020:1010110011111111Subnet:

6、1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000B 類子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃舉例IP Host Address:21Subnet Mask: 48NetworkSubnetHost201222512021:1100100111111111Subnet:1100100111011110110111101111111100000101000001011111111101111 001 11111 00001111 00048:C類子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃舉例Subnet Address = 20Host Addre

7、sses = 21-026Broadcast Address = 27Five Bits of Subnetting廣播地址55(Directed broadcast)55(Local network broadcast)X練習(xí):廣播地址AddressClassSubnetBroadcast0 48Subnet Mask 3 527 28練習(xí)(答案):廣播地址AddressClassSubnetBroadcast0 48C36Subnet Mask A553 52B527 28B27地址子網(wǎng)化的例子Cisco ACisco BE0S0E0S0To0Cisco AE0: S0: S0: E0:

8、To0: Cisco BMask SubnetMaskSubnet 配置IP地址Router(config-if)#分配一個(gè)IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼在端口上運(yùn)行IP進(jìn)程ip address ip-address subnet-maskRouter(config-line)#ip netmask-format bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal 在端口配置模式下配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址的表示格式Router#term ip netmask-format bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal 配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址的表示格式Router(config)#給主機(jī)名靜態(tài)的

9、指定一個(gè)IP地址可以有多個(gè)IP地址與主機(jī)名對(duì)應(yīng)主機(jī)名ip host name tcp-port-number address address ip host P1R1 ip host P1R2 指定一個(gè)或多個(gè)主機(jī)提供從主機(jī)名到邏輯地址的映射服務(wù)Router(config)#配置名字服務(wù)器ip name-server server-address1 server-address2 . server-address6 路由器缺省啟用DNS 服務(wù)關(guān)閉名字服務(wù)Router(config)#Router(config)#名字系統(tǒng)ip domain-lookupno ip domain-lookup顯示主

10、機(jī)名Router# show hostsDefault domain is not setName/address lookup uses static mappingsHost Flags Age Type Address(es)P1R1 (perm, OK) 5 IP 00 P2R1 (perm, OK) 5 IP 01 P2R2 (perm, OK) * IP 00 7 P2R3 (perm, OK) * IP 1 -More-檢驗(yàn)配置的地址ApplicationTransportInternetNetwork InterfaceHardwareTelnetICMPtracepingAp

11、plicationTransportInternetNetwork InterfaceHardwareTelnetICMPtracetelnettrace檢查IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性簡(jiǎn)化的PingRouter ping Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:.!Success rate is 80 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 6/6/6 msRouter很多協(xié)議都支持ping擴(kuò)展的 PingRouter# pingProtoco

12、l ip:Target IP address: 62Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no: yesData pattern 0 xABCD:Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbosenone:Sweep range of sizes n:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 62, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/26/28 msRouter#顯示從源到目的所有經(jīng)過(guò)端口的IP地址IP TraceRouter# trace Type escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to (3)1 () 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec2 () 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec3 (25) 8 msec 4 ms