2023年江蘇中考英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講 學(xué)案

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；還可以表示某人做某事的次數(shù)。規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式的變化一樣，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed；不規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表?；緲?gòu)成肯定句主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其它否定句主語(yǔ) + have / has+ not + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其它疑問(wèn)句及答句Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞+ 其它? Yes, 主語(yǔ)+have / has. No, 主語(yǔ)+have / has not.基本用法表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志：j

2、ust（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），yet（尚未），never（從來(lái)沒(méi)有），ever（曾經(jīng)），before（以前），recently（最近），so far/up to now/till now/until now（迄今為止），all ones life（一生），over the years（近幾年來(lái)），in/during/over the past/last few years（在過(guò)去幾年里），in/during/over the past/last three years（在過(guò)去三年里）等連用。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志：for時(shí)間段 I have taugh

3、t English for 10 years.since時(shí)間段ago I have taught English since 10 years ago. since表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) I have lived here since last year.since表示過(guò)去的句子 I have lived here since I was born.注意：since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“自從以來(lái)”， 其用法主要有兩種： 主句（現(xiàn)完）since從句（一般過(guò)去）The old man has lived in the village since he came here twenty years ag

4、o.It is/has been時(shí)間段since從句（一般過(guò)去） It is/has been twenty years since the old man came here. 表示某人經(jīng)歷某事的次數(shù)。常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志：once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次）-How many times have you seen the film?-I have seen the film three times. 三、短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞的意義決定它們所表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，只是一瞬間或短時(shí)間就

5、結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞叫做“非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中可以和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞必須是表示延續(xù)的情況或動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，即延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果是短暫性動(dòng)詞，需要先轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞start/beginbe onstop/finish/endbe overopenbe openclosebe closedborrowkeepbuyhavemarry/get marriedbe marrieddiebe deadjoinbe in/be a member ofleavebe away (from)becomebecome backbe backwake upbe awak

6、efall asleep/go to sleepbe asleepfall illbe illcatch a coldhave a coldturn on/offbe on/offgo abroadbe abroadhear from/ receive a letter fromhave a letter fromget to/ reach/ arrive in (at)/ come to/ go tobe in(at)四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1. have been to, have gone to, have been in(at)的區(qū)別 have been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去而已回”

7、，表示短暫性意義，不與時(shí)間段連用，可與“次數(shù)”連用。He has been to the USA three times. 他去過(guò)美國(guó)三次。（現(xiàn)在已回）have gone to強(qiáng)調(diào)“去而未回”，表示短暫性意義，不與時(shí)間段連用。He has gone to the USA and he will come back in a week. 他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)，將于一周后回來(lái)。（還沒(méi)回來(lái)）have been in(at)強(qiáng)調(diào)某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，后面常跟時(shí)間段。We have been in the USA for two weeks. 我們?cè)诿绹?guó)兩周了。（現(xiàn)仍在美國(guó)）2. 與“現(xiàn)完

8、”有關(guān)的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換表示“某人做某事多久了”，可以用以下句型：主語(yǔ)+have/has done sth. for+時(shí)間段=主語(yǔ)+have/has done sth. since+時(shí)間段+ago=It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since+從句=時(shí)間段+has passed+since+從句他住在這里十年了。He has lived here for ten years.= He has lived here since ten years ago.=It is/has been ten years since he lived here.=Ten years has passed sinc

9、e he lived here.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的事 Daniel went to Beijing two years ago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作Daniel has lived in Beijing for two years.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。I lost my wallet yesterday.（只說(shuō)明昨天把錢(qián)包弄丟了，現(xiàn)在有可能已經(jīng)找回，也可能還沒(méi)找回，不是本句的內(nèi)容）I have lost my wallet, so now I have no money to