商品的品質(zhì)數(shù)量和包裝課件

1、Quality ,Quantity and Packing of GoodsCapter Three第1頁，共39頁。 Quality of goods Quantity of goods Packing of goods Main ContentChapter three Quality、Quantity and packing第2頁，共39頁。One unitQuality of Goods 商品品質(zhì)一Definition定義 The quality of commodities is the combination of the intrinsic quality and outward

2、 form and shape of the commodities.商品的內(nèi)在質(zhì)量和外觀形態(tài)的綜合。大小形狀顏色款式光澤重量等物理性能化學(xué)成分生物特征第3頁，共39頁。二 Method expressing of the quality 商品品質(zhì)的表示方法 用文字說明Sale by description 用樣品表示Sale by sample品質(zhì)的表示方法第4頁，共39頁。 (一) 用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì)By specificationBy brand and markBy instruction 用文字表示品質(zhì)By standard用規(guī)格表示By grade 用等級表示用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示用牌名

3、和商標(biāo)By name of origin用產(chǎn)地表示用說明書和圖紙第5頁，共39頁。用文字說明商品的品質(zhì)The specifications of the commodities refer to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the commodities, such as composition, purity, size, length, etc.For example: T/C poplin 27.8tex27.8tex 568278pieces/10cm 180cm 1 sale by specificati

4、on 用規(guī)格表示指用以反映商品品質(zhì)的若干主要指標(biāo),如成分含量,純度性能大小長短粗細等.例：滌棉府綢 (T/C poplin) 經(jīng)紗號數(shù)緯紗號數(shù) 經(jīng)密 緯密 幅寬 27.8tex 27.8tex 568 278根/10cm 180 cm 第6頁，共39頁。(一)用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì)2sale by grade 用等級表示 Some products are usually classified into different grades based on different specifications.For example :One Grade Cotton of China商品的等級是

5、指同一商品按規(guī)格的差異所作的分類.例： 中國一級棉 .第7頁，共39頁。(一)用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì)Standards are the standardized specifications or grades officially recognized by the government agencies or commercial organizations of a country. It must point out the edition if according to standards 例： Rifampicin B.P.1993 pure cotton underwear s

6、uitable to Eco-label 2000 3sale by standard 用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示商品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了的規(guī)格和等級. *注明采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的版本名稱和年份.例：利福平符合1993年版英國藥典 純棉內(nèi)衣符合Eco-label 2000 版生態(tài)紡織品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第8頁，共39頁。(一)用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì) The commodities whose quality is stable,reputation is sound and with which the consumers or customers are familiar are suitable to sell by brand

7、 or trade mark例：WHITE RUBBIT CREAMY CANDY4sale by brand or trade mark 用牌號或商標(biāo)表示第9頁，共39頁。(一)用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì)5sale by name of origin 用產(chǎn)地表示 To some native product especially for farm products whose quality is better than the similar others for their traditional craftwork and special flavor.Example: West-lak

8、e Longjing Tea Zhejiang Origin CHINESE NORTHEAST SOYBEAN FRANCE PERFUME GERMAN BEER某些地區(qū)的商品,特別是一些農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品,因加工工藝獨特或口味特殊,品質(zhì)優(yōu)于其他地區(qū)的同類產(chǎn)品.例：CHINESE NORTHEAST SOYBEAN FRANCE PERFUME GERMAN BEER 第10頁，共39頁。(一)用文字說明表示商品的品質(zhì)Appropriate to technological instruments and electric machines適用于科學(xué)儀器和電子設(shè)備等。例 ：電視，電腦等。6sale

9、by name of description 用說明書或圖樣 第11頁，共39頁。(二) 用樣品表示品質(zhì)Sale by Sample1.賣方樣品 （Sellers Sample） 合同中應(yīng)訂明：“品質(zhì)以賣方樣品為準(zhǔn)”。 （Quality as per sellers sample ）2.買方樣品 （Buyers Sample） 合同中應(yīng)訂明：“品質(zhì)以買方樣品為準(zhǔn)”。 （Quality as per buyers sample） 1 Sample provided by seller must be representative 樣品有充分的代表性 2 When the seller send

10、the sample to the buyer, he must remain Duplicate Sample or Keep Sample 送交原樣時英留復(fù)樣供組織生產(chǎn)和處理糾紛用。 1 Seller may reproduce the buyers sample i.e. Counter Sample and receives confirmation by buyer.賣方最好按自己的生產(chǎn)條件復(fù)制出與來樣相同的”對等樣品”并得到買方認(rèn)可。2 對品質(zhì)無絕對把握時，應(yīng)在合同中加列寬容條款：“品質(zhì)與樣品大致相符”（Quality shall be about equal to the sam

11、ple）.3 the seller and the buyer should stipulate clearly that in case the buyers sample results in any disputes of infringement of industrial property right. 防止侵犯第三者的工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)。 original sample (原樣) / type sample (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品) keep sample (留樣) / duplicate sample (復(fù)樣return sample (回樣) / counter sample (對等樣品) seal

12、ed sample (封樣) reference sample(參考樣品)第12頁，共39頁。內(nèi)容三 合同中的品質(zhì)條款e.g.： 色織條格布 寬度41/42 Yarn-dyed Gingham Width 41/42 e.g.：魚粉 Fish meal 蛋白質(zhì) 55%以上 protein 55%Min 脂肪 最高9% Fat 9%Max 水分 最高11% Moisture 11%Max 鹽分 最高4% Salt 4%Max 砂分 最高4% Sand 4%Max1.規(guī)定一定 的范圍a given range2.規(guī)定一定 的極限.a limit3.規(guī)定上下 差異幅度a more or less c

13、lausee.g.：灰鴨毛 含絨量18% 允許上下1%（Gray Duck Down 18%,allowing 1%more or less）第13頁，共39頁。實踐練習(xí)1龍口粉絲2純棉坯布3襯衫4精密儀器5紅雙喜牌乒乓球6 柞蠶絲A用樣品表示B用規(guī)格表示C用說明書表示D用商標(biāo)表示E用產(chǎn)地名稱表示F用等級表示第14頁，共39頁。Unit Two Quantity of GoodsBy Weight: Gram, Kilogram, Pound, Ounce, Metric ton, Long ton, Short ton.By Number: Piece, Pair, Dozen, Set,

14、Gross, R eam, Roll, Bag, BaleBy Length: Meter, Foot, YardBy Area: Square (metre , foot, inch)By Volume: Cubic By Capacity: Liter, Gallon, Bushel一 Measuring Unit 計量單位In international trade, calculation of quantity is often made in six ways: 第15頁，共39頁。 Quantity of Goods 商品的數(shù)量二 Measuring System 度量衡制度 T

15、he British System 英制 The U.S. System 美制 The Metric System 公制 The International System 國際單位制There are four metrologies commonly used in international trade:第16頁，共39頁。1 Metric Ton = 1000 kilograms1 Short Ton = 907 kilograms1 Long ton = 1016 kilograms1 Gross = 12 Dozens = 144 Pieces1yard=0.914meter1inc

16、h=2.54cm1pound=0.454kilogram度量衡換算Conversion of different system第17頁，共39頁。Net weight refers to the weight of the goods itself. the tare is not counted in. there are four way s used to calculate the tare of the goods三 重量的計算方法By Net Weight 按凈重average tare 平均皮重 actual tare 實際皮重Customary tare 習(xí)慣皮重Compute

17、d tare 約定皮重第18頁，共39頁。三 重量的計算方法 以毛作凈Gross for netBy Gross Weight 按毛重It refers to net weight plus the weight of the package.以毛重當(dāng)作凈重計價，適合于:(1)價值較低的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。(2)包裝重量占總重量的比例很小。(3)包裝的價格與商品價格相差無幾。第19頁，共39頁。3.Conditioned weight 公重3.By Conditioned Weight 按公重 the weight equals to dry weight plus standard moisture c

18、ontent, used in calculating products with unsteady moisture content such as wool, cotton and raw silk.The formula of calculating the conditional weight is as follows:Conditioned Weight = Dried Weight + Standard Moisture= actual weight x (1+ standard regaining rate of water)/(1+ actual regaining rate

19、 of water) 以商品的干重加上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)含水量 適合于含水率不穩(wěn)定的商品.例如：羊毛、棉花以及生絲。其計算公式為：1、公量= 商品干重 +標(biāo)準(zhǔn)含水量2、公量= 商品實際重量 x（1+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率)（1+實際回潮率)第20頁，共39頁。the weight is calculated by multiplying the total number and the weight of each unit. This method is applicable to commodities with regular specifications and regular size, such as ga

20、lvanized iron and steel plate.三 重量的計算方法4.By Theoretical Weight 按理論重量第21頁，共39頁。計算 我某公司從澳大利亞進口羊毛，雙方約定單價公量每公噸5800美元，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率10%，該批羊毛實際重量為50公噸，實際回潮率為8%。問：上述貨物的公量多少？并應(yīng)該付款多少美元?第22頁，共39頁。四 合同中的數(shù)量條款 例：Chinese northeast soybean 10，000M/T，2% more or less packed in single gunny bag ,gross for net. 合同中的數(shù)量條款主要包括: 商

21、品的成交量 計量單位 用重量來計量的，還須表明計重方法。 規(guī)定數(shù)量機動幅度第23頁，共39頁。1.數(shù)量機動幅度的表示方法例:Quantity: 500 tons 5% more or less at sellers option內(nèi)容： 1、溢短裝比率 2、交貨時由誰決定溢短裝 3、溢短裝部分價格的確定(1)溢短裝條款More or Less Clause第24頁，共39頁。數(shù)量機動幅度的表示方法about 1000 M/T *由于“約”數(shù)的含義在國際貿(mào)易中有不同解釋，容易引起糾紛，除非買賣雙方對約量有協(xié)議,否則盡量采用溢短裝條款.(2)約量條款 About Clause第25頁，共39頁。如果

22、賣方按每箱5000美元的價格出售商品200箱，合同規(guī)定“數(shù)量允許有5%的增減幅度，由賣方?jīng)Q定”。試問：這是一個什么條款？最多可裝多少箱？最少可裝多少箱？如實際裝運204箱，買方應(yīng)付款多少？技能訓(xùn)練題第26頁，共39頁。Unit three Packing of Goods) 商品的包裝一 包裝的作用1.保護商品安全2.方便運輸3.促進商品銷售第27頁，共39頁。二 包裝的種類 The kinds of packing按包裝在流通過程中作用的不同 transportation packing運輸包裝保護商品、方便運輸、減少運費、便于儲存、節(jié)省倉租、便于記數(shù)美化、宣傳、介紹商品牢固、經(jīng)濟美觀、吸引

23、Selling packing銷售包裝第28頁，共39頁。1.銷售包裝 selling /inner packingcontent Name Size Color Number Picture Brand name Trade mark Product code第29頁，共39頁。運輸包裝標(biāo)志圖例商標(biāo)商品的名稱包裝的標(biāo)志生產(chǎn)國別1 運輸標(biāo)志2 指示性標(biāo)志3警告性標(biāo)志第30頁，共39頁。運輸包裝的標(biāo)志2 .運輸包裝 shipping/outer packing 運輸標(biāo)志Shipping Mark指示性標(biāo)志Indicative Mark警告性標(biāo)志W(wǎng)arning Mark第31頁，共39頁。 三 包

24、裝的標(biāo)志Shipping Mark Usually four types of information are included in shipping marks as per the ISO standard:1 The initial letters or abbreviation of a consignee or buyer;2 The reference number, such as the number of the contract, order, invoice, bill of lading or letter of credit.3 The destination, i

25、.e. the name of the port or place of destination4 The package number, i.e. the consecutive number of each package or the total number of the shipment.1、shipping mark 運輸標(biāo)志通常包括四項內(nèi)容:1 收貨人名稱的英文縮寫；2 參考號、訂單號、發(fā)票或合同號；3 目的港；4 件號.用該批貨物的總件號和本件的順序號表示。第32頁，共39頁。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化運輸標(biāo)志內(nèi)容ABC收貨人代號SC1234參考號NEW YORK目的地CTN/NO125件數(shù)號碼A

26、BCSC1234 NEW YORKCTN/NO125運輸標(biāo)志的內(nèi)容第33頁，共39頁。包裝標(biāo)志Shipping Mark 2、 指示性標(biāo)志 Indicating MarkIt is also called dangerous cargo mark, which is brushed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of the inflammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive goods, so as to give warnings to the workers. 根據(jù)商品的特性，對一些容易破碎、殘損、變質(zhì)的商品，在裝卸操作和存放保管條件方面所提出的要求和注意事項，用圖形和文字表示的標(biāo)志。To be Protect