醫(yī)學(xué)院校碩士研究生英語聽與說

1、醫(yī)學(xué)院校碩士研究生英語聽與說首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)應(yīng)用語言學(xué)系English for Master Students in Medical UniversitiesDepartment of Applied Linguistics Capital Medical UniversityUnit 4 Section A Famous People Section B Hepatitis CI Reference Answer I Brainstorming1William Jefferson “Bill Clinton (born in 1946) served as the forty-second Pr

2、esident of the United States from 1993 to 2001. During Clintons presidency, the country enjoyed the longest period of economic growth in its history. A graceful speaker, Clinton had a remarkable ability to connect with people, which enabled him to bounce back from defeats, scandals, and even impeach

3、ment. He left office with the highest voter approval rating of all modern presidents.Section A Famous People2Jane Austen (1775 1817) was an English novelist whose realism, biting social commentary and masterful use of free indirect speech, burlesque and irony have earned her a place as one of the mo

4、st widely read and best-loved writers in British literature. Her works include Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Emma etc.Section A Famous People3. Socrates (469 BC399 BC) was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, in reality he is an enigm

5、atic figure known only through other peoples accounts. It is Platos Dialogues that have largely created todays impression of him.SPA Section A Famous People4. Yao Ming (1980 ) is a Chinese professional basketball player who plays for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

6、He is currently the tallest player in the NBA, at 7feet 6inches (2.26m). Section A Famous People5. Barbra Streisand (born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, film and theatre actress. She has also achieved some note as a composer, political activist, film producer and director. She has won Academ

7、y Awards for Best Actress and Best Original Song as well as multiple Emmy Awards, Grammy Awards, and Golden Globe Awards.Section A Famous PeopleShe is one of the most commercially and critically successful female entertainers in modern entertainment history and one of the best selling solo recording

8、 artists in the US, with RIAA-certified shipments of over 71 million albums. She is the highest ranking female artist on the Recording Industry Association of Americas (RIAA) Top Selling Artists list. She has sold approximately 147 million albums worldwide.Section A Famous People6. Ernest Miller Hem

9、ingway (18991961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War One later known as “the Lost Generation.Hemingways distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement, in

10、 contrast to the style of his literary rival William Faulkner. It had a significant influence on the development of twentieth-century fiction writing. His protagonists are typically stoic men who exhibit an ideal described as “grace under pressure. Many of his works are now considered basic classics

11、 of American literature.Section A Famous People7. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (18351910), better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, lecturer and writer. Twain is most noted for his novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which has since been called the Great American N

12、ovel, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. He is also known for his quotations. Twain enjoyed immense public popularity, and his keen wit and incisive satire earned him praise from both critics and peers. American author William Faulkner called Twain the “father of American literature.Section A Famous

13、People8. Shirley Jane Temple (1928 ) is an Academy Award-winning actress and tap dancer, most famous for being an iconic American child actress of the 1930s, who enjoyed a notable career as a diplomat as an adult. After rising to fame at the age of six with her breakthrough performance in Bright Eye

14、s in 1934, she starred in a series of highly successful films which won her widespread public adulation and saw her become the top grossing star at the American box-office during the height of the Depression. She went on to star in films as a young adult in the 1940s. In later life, she became a Uni

15、ted States ambassador and diplomat.Section A Famous People9. Audrey Hepburn (1929)1993) was an English Academy Award-, Emmy Award-, Tony Award-, and Grammy Award-winning film and stage actress, fashion icon, and humanitarian. In 1999, she was ranked as the third greatest female star of all time by t

16、he American Film Institute. She also served as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador and was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her work.Section A Famous People10. Joanne Rowling (1965 ), who writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British writer and author of the Harry Potter fantasy s

17、eries, the idea for which was conceived whilst on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold nearly 400 million copies. Section A Famous PeopleAside from writing the Potter novels, Rowling is equally famous for her

18、“rags to riches life story, in which she progressed from living on welfare to multi-millionaire status within five years. The 2021 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowlings fortune at 560 million ($1.1 billion), ranking her as the 12th richest woman in Britain. Forbes ranked Rowling as the 48th most

19、 powerful celebrity of 2007, and Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fandom. She has become a notable philanthropist, supporting such charities as Comic Relief, One Parent Families and the Multi

20、ple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain.Section A Famous People11. Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States (US), with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 and the first illustration dating from 1852. He is often depicted as a serious elderly white man with whit

21、e hair and a goatee, with an obvious resemblance to Presidents Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln, and dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United Statesfor example, typically a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white st

22、riped trousers.Section A Famous People12. Kofi Atta Annan, (1938 ) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2007. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.Section A Famous Peop

23、le13. Florence Nightingale, (1820 1910), who came to be known as “The Lady with the Lamp, was a pioneering nurse, writer and noted statistician.Section A Famous PeopleThe Florence Nightingale Pledge：I solemnly pledge myself before God and in the presence of this assembly, to pass my life in purity a

24、nd to practice my profession faithfully. I will abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous, and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession, and will hold in confidence all personal matters committe

25、d to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling. With loyalty will I endeavor to aid the physician in his work, and devote myself to the welfare of those committed to my care. Section A Famous People14. Superman is a fictional comic book superhero widely c

26、onsidered to be one of the most famous and popular of such characters and an American cultural icon. Created by American writer Jerry Siegel and Canadian-born artist Joe Shuster in 1932 while both were living in Cleveland, Ohio, and sold to Detective Comics, Inc. in 1938, the character first appeare

27、d in Action Comics #1 (June 1938) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, television programs, films, newspaper strips, and video games. With the success of his adventures, Superman helped to create the superhero genre and establish its primacy within the American comic book.Section A Fa

28、mous People15. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, 1926 ) is the queen regnant of 16 independent states and their overseas territories and dependencies. Though she holds each crown and title separately and equally, she is resident in and most directly involved with the United Kingdom, her oldest

29、 realm; part of her lineage traces through the royal houses of England, Wessex, and Scotland for over fifteen hundred years. She ascended the thrones of seven countries in February 1952, on the death of her father King George Section A Famous People16. Confucius (lit. “Master Kung, 551 BC 479 BC) wa

30、s a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained p

31、rominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC220 AD). Confucius thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). Section A Famous People17. Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective of the late 1

32、9th and early 20th centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887. He is the creation of Scottish-born author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A brilliant London-based detective, Holmes is famous for his intellectual prowess, and is renowned for his skillful use of “deductive reasoning wh

33、ile using abductive reasoning (inference to the best explanation) and astute observation to solve difficult cases.Section A Famous People18. Tsung-Dao Lee (T.D. Lee, Chinese: 李政道) is a Chinese-born American physicist, well known for his work on parity violation, Lee Model, particle physics, relativi

34、stic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars. In 1957, Lee, at age 31, with C. N. Yang received the Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the violation of parity law in weak interaction, which Chien-Shiung Wu experimentally verified. Lee is the second youngest Nobel laureate

35、, and Lee and Yang were the first Chinese Laureates.Section A Famous People19. William Henry Gates III (born in 1955 in Seattle, Washington, USA) is an American business magnate, philanthropist, the worlds third richest person (as of 2021), and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded

36、with Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 8 percent of the common stock. Section A Famous People20. Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liber

37、ty was presented to the United States by the people of France in 1886. It stands on Liberty Island in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (designer of the Eiffel Tower) engineered the internal structure. Worldwide, the Statue of

38、 Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the United States, and, more generally, represents liberty and escape from oppression. The Statue of Liberty was, from 1886 until the jet age, often one of the first glimpses of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Eu

39、rope.II Group DiscussionExercise 1 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being famous?II Group DiscussionThe greatest advantage of being famous is that celebrities are usually very rich so they have an easier life than other people. They live in beautiful houses maintained by housekeepers,

40、 gardeners, cooks and other servants. They do not have to worry about paying bills, can afford the best clothes and drive the latest models of fancy cars. What is more, they spend their holidays in expensive resorts, get the best hotel rooms and the most efficient service.Secondly, when you are famo

41、us, your name is known by everyone. Then, you are invited to the best parties and meet other celebrities. Your fans send you letters to tell you how much they admire you.II Group DiscussionHowever, being recognized by everyone in the street can be annoying. Famous people have no privacy, paparazzi t

42、ry to photograph them all the time, people stop them in the street, asking for an autograph.Fame carries also worry about your own safety and the safety of your family. There is always a danger that a crazy fan may try to kidnap or kill you or your children, so it is necessary to employ bodyguards.A

43、ll in all, fame may be nice but not an easy thing to live with. You have money but you do not feel safe, you have friends and fans but you can never be sure if they like you for who you are or for your money.II Group Discussion2. How do you look upon the increasing rate of celebrities with health pr

44、oblems?II Group Discussion2. Many people who managed to attain fame had short lives. There may be several reason for this. First, they are always as busy as bees, flying everywhere; second, they are always under pressure, struggling their way to becoming more famous. 3. There is no time to work out,

45、 its all about making money.II Group DiscussionExercise 2 Seven Steps to Becoming Famous1. Being the best at something. 2. Being the first to do something. In other words, it only needs to be perceived as first. 3. Being radically different. Mahatma Gandhi was the most unlawyer-like lawyer around in

46、 his day. This can involve either breaking or living a stereotype. 4. Doing something generous that most people wouldnt. This is a popular one for volunteers going out to raise awareness for a cause. People who go on long walks or runs across their countries figured this one out in spades. II Group

47、Discussion5. Being in the right place at the right time and doing the right thing. Saving a life fits the bill well. Wesley Autrey saved a man who fell onto the New York subway tracks. He was a 50 year old construction worker who was taking his two young daughters home before work and saw the man fa

48、ll while the train was coming. He made a split second decision, then leapt in and was able to hold the man flat between the rails while the train rolled over them. They were both bruised but okay afterward. Wesley was all over the news and was a guest on Jay Lenos Tonight Show. II Group Discussion6.

49、 Blowing the whistle or uncovering a scandal. Erin Brokovich was an unknown paralegal who uncovered a major scandal in which a big utility company in Barstow, California was leaching toxins into the environment that killed many people. She was instrumental in winning a huge lawsuit that also resulte

50、d in a feature movie being made about the story. II Group Discussion7. Getting a lucky strike. Winning a big lottery is an obvious one that people can relate to judging from sales of lottery tickets. But this one doesnt count if you need to buy the lottery ticket! Picking the right parents is anothe

51、r good one for some people.III Monologue1. to be impeached; 2. born after World War II; 3. longtime; 4. the direction the country had taken under the two previous Republican presidents;5. the policies of his own Democratic Party; III Monologue6. admitting to an improper relationship with a White Hou

52、se intern; 7. more peace and economic well being than at any time in its history; 8. unemployment rate in modern times; 9. inflation in 30 years; 10. home ownership in the countrys historySection A Famous PeopleIV Passage Passage 1 B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5.A Passage 2 D 2. C 3. D 4. APassage 3 1. F 2. T 3

53、. T 4. T 5. FSection B Hepatitis CBackground information about HCVHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (50 nm in size), enveloped, positive sense single strand RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae. Although Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, and Hepatitis C virus have similar names (because they al

54、l cause liver inflammation), these are distinctly different viruses both genetically and clinically. Reference AnswerI. Part I Word Building Powerappendicitis闌尾炎 arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎 bronchitis氣管炎gestritis 胃炎meningitis腦膜炎myocarditis心肌炎nephritis腎炎pharyngitis咽喉炎pneumonia肺炎pyelonephritis腎盂腎炎 tonsillitis扁桃腺炎vas

55、culitis脈管炎R(shí)eference Answerhepatatrophia 肝萎縮hepatectomy 肝切除術(shù)hepatocyte 肝細(xì)胞 hepatology 肝臟病學(xué), 肝臟學(xué)hepatoma 肝細(xì)胞瘤(尤指惡性腫瘤)hepatopancreas 肝胰腺hepatotomy 肝切開術(shù)hepatotoxin 肝毒素Reference Answerfibroblast 纖維細(xì)胞fibrochondritis 纖維軟骨炎 fibrocyte 纖維細(xì)胞fibrosis 纖維化 actinobacillosis 放線桿菌病 allopsychosis 感知性精神病 cholesterosis

56、 膽固醇沉著(病) mycosis 霉菌病tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核Reference AnswerII.1. I 2. F 3. A 4. B 5. D6. E 7. H 8. G 9.CReference AnswerIII.a blood-borne disease : It is one that can be spread by contamination by blood. The most common examples are HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and viral haemorrhagic fevers. Diseases that are not usually transmitted directly by b