定語從句-語法專題策略(PPT)

1、第一頁，共七十四頁。表解(bio ji)語法五年真題定語(dngy)從句 第二頁，共七十四頁。表解(bio ji)語法第三頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定who人主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略)The boy who is standing there is my cousin.第四頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定whom人賓語(限制性定語從句可省略)The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr Smith.第五頁，共七十四頁。考點關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解

2、例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定whose(of whomof which)人或物定語Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom) is an engineer？He lives in a house whose windows (the windows of which) face south.第六頁，共七十四頁。考點關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定which物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略)Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures

3、.The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing.第七頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定that 人或物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略，不引導非限制性定語從句)A plane is a machine that can fly.I dont know the man(that)you mentioned.第八頁，共七十四頁。考點關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分關系代詞與關系副詞的判定as人或物(在非限制性定語從句中也可指代整個句子)主語、賓語、表語第九頁，共七十四頁。考點理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定第十頁，

4、共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定when(適當介詞which)時間時間狀語Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.where(適當介詞which)地點地點狀語The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.第十一頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定why(for which)原因原因狀語None of us know the reason why Tom was absen

5、t from the meeting.第十二頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分關系代詞與關系副詞的判定表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞作定語從句謂語動詞的主語、賓語時，應用that 或which ，作賓語時that/which 也可省略。當先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage 等名詞，表示情況、方面、處境時用關系副詞where第十三頁，共七十四頁?？键c理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定第十四頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分關系代詞與關系副詞的判定當先行詞way 意為“方式，方法”時，引導定語從句的關系詞有

6、in which，that 或不用任何關系詞這三種形式；way 不作“方式，方法”解時，其定語從句的引導詞用that 或which ，引導詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。第十五頁，共七十四頁?？键c理解例句關系代詞與關系副詞的判定第十六頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句特別提醒1.如何選擇關系代詞與關系副詞方法一：用關系代詞還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。第十七頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句特別提醒方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主語、賓語、狀語)，也能正確選

7、擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。2.定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。one of復數(shù)名詞關系代詞復數(shù)動詞 the only one of復數(shù)名詞關系代詞單數(shù)動詞第十八頁，共七十四頁。考點關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別用that 不用which先行詞是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none時Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy.Please get ready for everything(that)we need.第十九頁，共七十四

8、頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別用that 不用which先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little 等修飾時This is the very book that Im looking for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.第二十頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別用that 不用which先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時This is the best film(that)I have ever

9、 seen.先行詞為人、物并用時He talked about things and persons(that)they remembered in the school.第二十一頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別用that 不用which當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時Which is the bike that you lost？當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.第二十二頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解

10、例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別the same. as與the same. thatthe same. as.表示相似的東西the same. that. 表示同一人或物This is the same knife as I lost.這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。This is the same knife that I lost.這把小刀就是我丟的那一把。第二十三頁，共七十四頁。考點關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別such/so. as與such/so.thatsuch/so. as(定語從句)像那樣such/so.that(狀語從句)如此以至于This is such an

11、easy question as I can answer.This is such an easy question that I can answer it.第二十四頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分幾組關系代詞的區(qū)別as與whichas引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中。which 引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。2. as意為“正如”，后面的謂語動詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等；which 意為“這一點”。第二十五頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞理解例句幾組關系代詞的區(qū)

12、別as與whichAvatar is a very successful film，as is known to all.As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.第二十六頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句介詞關系代詞名(代)詞介詞關系代詞(一般作主語)I picked up the apples，some of which were bad.數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級of關系代詞(一般作主語)He has ten cousins，three

13、 of whom are clever.He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever.第二十七頁，共七十四頁。考點關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句介詞關系代詞介詞關系代詞(一般作狀語)This is the girl from whom I learned the news.介詞短語關系代詞(一般作狀語)Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation.第二十八頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句介詞關系代詞

14、介詞which名詞(一般在句中作狀語)She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home.介詞whose名詞(一般作狀語)He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. 第二十九頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句介詞關系代詞from where為“介詞關系副詞”結構，但也可以引導定語從句。介詞關系代詞中的介詞可根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句中的動詞短語進行判斷。He hid himself behind the door, fro

15、m where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk. (from where 指from behind the door)他躲在門后面，從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西。第三十頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句特殊定語從句分裂式定語從句(先行詞與關系代(副)詞分隔)I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball.第三十一頁，共七十四頁?？键c關系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分理解例句特殊定語從句插入式定

16、語從句(關系代詞與從句中插入一個句子)He made another great discovery, which I think is very important to science.省略式定語從句(介詞關系代詞不定式)I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French.第三十二頁，共七十四頁。五年真題1(2021全國)I refuse to accept the blame for something_was someone elses fault.A. who B. thatC. as D.

17、 what解析：something 后跟的是定語從句，而且定語從句缺少主語，先行詞為不定代詞，引導(yndo)詞應用that。答案：B第三十三頁，共七十四頁。2(2021新課標全國(qun u)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_is named after his grandfather.A. which B. whereC. what D. that解析：which 引導非限制性定語從句。答案：A第三十四頁，共七十四頁。3(2021浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, man

18、y of_left their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. whichC. them D. those解析：whom 引導(yndo)非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞people。答案：A第三十五頁，共七十四頁。4(2021湖南)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. whereC. when D. which解析：w

19、ho 引導定語從句(cn j)修飾先行詞the students。答案：A第三十六頁，共七十四頁。5(2021江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_she would stay for an hour.A. where B. whoC. which D. what解析：考查定語從句。句中where引導限制性定語從句，在從句中作狀語，修飾(xish)前面的training centre，相當于in which。答案：A第三十七頁，共七十四頁。6(2021四川)After

20、graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling，_turned out to be a wise decision.A. that B. whichC. when D. where解析：which引導非限制性定語(dngy)從句，指代“I took some time off to go travelling。答案：B第三十八頁，共七十四頁。7(2021江蘇)The newlybuilt cafe, the walls of_are painted light green，is really a peaceful p

21、lace for us, especially after hard work.A. that B. itC. what D. which解析：“介詞關系(gun x)代詞結構中，關系(gun x)代詞指物只能用which。the walls of which 也可用whose walls或of which the walls 代替。答案：D第三十九頁，共七十四頁。8(2021山東)Thats the new machine_parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. whichC. whose D. what解析：句意：這是一部它的部件小的看不見的新機

22、器。parts與machine之間是所屬(sush)關系，因此用whose引導定語從句。答案：C第四十頁，共七十四頁。9(2021北京)Children who are not active or_diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what B. whoseC. which D. that解析：句意：那些(nxi)不太活潑或日常飲食富含脂肪的孩子會迅速胖起來。whose在定語從句中作diet 的定語。答案：B第四十一頁，共七十四頁。10(2021陜西)The old temple_roof was damaged in a stor

23、m is now under repair.A. where B. whichC. its D. whose解析：考查限制性定語從句?？崭裉幵诰渲幸龑ФㄕZ從句，并且(bngqi)在從句中作roof的定語，用whose。答案：D第四十二頁，共七十四頁。11(2021重慶(zhn qn)In China, the number of cities is increasing_development is recognized across the world.A. where B. whichC. whose D. that第四十三頁，共七十四頁。解析：whose引導定語從句，在從句中修飾deve

24、lopment，作定語。where引導定語從句時，在從句中作狀語(zhungy)；which和that在定語從句中作主語或賓語。答案：C第四十四頁，共七十四頁。12(2021天津(tin jn)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers_I go. Its only 15.A. as B. whichC. where D. that解析：句中the barbers 指理發(fā)店，在定語從句中作狀語，故用關系副詞where。答案：C第四十五頁，共七十四頁。13(2021福建)Step

25、hen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_life has developed gradually.A. that B. whereC. which D. whose解析：根據(jù)句式結構分析可知(k zh)空缺處引導一定語從句，而且先行詞為planet，在從句中作狀語，故答案為B。答案：B第四十六頁，共七十四頁。14(2021全國(qun u)My friend showed me round the town，_ was very kind of him. A. which B. thatC. w

26、here D. it第四十七頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：我朋友真不錯，他帶我參觀了這座城鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)題意，此題考查定語從句，先排除D項。又因為定語從句中缺主語，故排除關系副詞where。B項that不能引導非限制性定語從句，因此答案為A，先行詞為前邊(qin bian)整句話內(nèi)容。答案：A第四十八頁，共七十四頁。15(2021山東(shn dn)Whenever I met her，_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. whichC. when D. that第四十九頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：不管我何時遇見

27、她，她都會一如既往地微笑著向我打招呼。此題考查定語從句。which可以引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句(zh j)的意思。that不能引導非限制性定語從句，所以排除D項；定語從句中缺主語，因此排除關系副詞when；A項不符合題意，故排除。答案：B第五十頁，共七十四頁。16(2021遼寧)They ve won their last three matches，_I find a bit surprising actually. A. that B. whenC. what D. which解析：考查定語從句。句意：他們已經(jīng)贏得了最后三場比賽，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這確實有點令人(ln rn)驚訝。先行詞是前

28、面整個句子，which引導非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中作find的賓語。答案：D第五十一頁，共七十四頁。17(2021浙江(zh jin)Yesterday she sold her car, _she bought a month ago.A. whom B. whereC. that D. which第五十二頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：昨天她把車賣了，這車是一個月前買的。此題考查定語從句，定語從句中缺賓語，指物，故排除A項和B項。從句中逗號可看出是非限制性定語從句，所以(suy)只能用which，that不能引導非限制性定語從句。答案：D第五十三頁，共七十四頁。18(2021安徽)Ma

29、ny children，_parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A. their BwhoseC. of them D. with whom第五十四頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：很多父母遠在大城市里工作的孩子在這個村子得到了很好的照顧。此題考查定語從句。A項和C項不能引導從句，故首先(shuxin)排除。如果選D，句意前后就矛盾了。因此選B，引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞many children，whose在從句中充當定語。答案：B第五十五頁，共七十四頁。19(2021天津(t

30、in jn)A person_email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.A. who B. whomC. whose D. whoever第五十六頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：一個人的電子郵件賬戶滿了，就不能收發(fā)任何郵件了。此題考查定語從句，先行詞為a person，定語從句補全為：The persons email account is full。由此可見，定語從句中缺少定語成分，應選擇C。who作主語；whom作賓語；whoever連接代詞(dic)，“無論誰，用來引導名詞性從句或狀語從句，不能引導定語從

31、句。答案：C第五十七頁，共七十四頁。20(2021湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of whichC. that D. whose第五十八頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：我出生在路易斯安那州的新奧爾良，這座城市的名字讓我們聯(lián)想到一幅有著漂亮的樹和綠草的畫。此題考查定語從句(cn j)，先行詞是a city，代入定語從句(cn j)后為：The citys name

32、will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.由此可知，先行詞在定語從句(cn j)中作定語，應選D。答案：D第五十九頁，共七十四頁。21(2021寧夏、海南(hi nn)，全國)She brought with her three friends, none of_I had ever met before.A. them B. whoC. whom D. these第六十頁，共七十四頁。解析(ji x)：句意：她帶了3個朋友過來，沒有一個是我曾經(jīng)見過的。根據(jù)句中的標點符號可知，本句后一局部是一個非限

33、制性定語從句，故排除不能引導定語從句的A項和D項。又因為關系代詞在從句中代指人，作介詞of的賓語，應選C。先行詞是her three friends，代入定語從句后為：I had ever met none of her three friends before。答案：C第六十一頁，共七十四頁。22(2021福建)By nine o clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of which B. on whichC.

34、 from which D. above which第六十二頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：到九點，所有的奧運火炬手都到了珠穆朗瑪峰頂，很快上空就出現(xiàn)了罕見的彩虹。此題考查定語從句(cn j)，根據(jù)語境，彩虹出現(xiàn)在珠穆朗瑪峰的上空，而不是珠穆朗瑪峰的頂部，所以是above which而不是on which。答案：D第六十三頁，共七十四頁。23(2021福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.A. that B. whenC. which D. where第六十四頁，共七十四頁

35、。解析：句意：把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識(rn shi)自己的環(huán)境中對他們有益。此題考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，代入定語從句后為：They can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用關系副詞。而B項when表時間，不符合題意，只有where符合此題要求。答案：D第六十五頁，共七十四頁。24(2021浙江(zh jin)I have reached a point in my life_I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. whereC. how D. why第六十六頁，共七十四頁。解析：句意：我已經(jīng)到了應該自己作決定的那個(n ge)人生階段。此題考查定語從句。首先排除C項，不能引導定語從句；另外定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語，故排除關系代詞which。D項why表原因，與題意