海盜的起源與發(fā)展簡史

1、海盜的起源與發(fā)展簡史簡介索馬里海盜的突然猖獗，使海盜的話題再度熱鬧起來，咱也來湊個(gè)熱鬧，呵呵。在各種關(guān)于大海的故事中，總是離不開泌的真人真事、海盜的傳說 和神話。如果你見過沒看過海盜題材電影，或者沒讀過海盜內(nèi)容書籍的人，那才 是怪事一樁。有意思的是，大多數(shù)人對真正的海盜歷史和海盜行為所存在的時(shí)間 都知之不多，或根本就不了解。系列故事片加勒比海漸 上映后，出現(xiàn)了杰克船長(Captain Jack Sparrow)形象大流行的現(xiàn)象，促使很多人組織海盜派對、穿著海盜衣服、大講 海盜黑話，對這些被媒體炒作得栩栩如生、在海上縱橫馳騁長達(dá)千年歷史的人物 角色，更是極盡學(xué)習(xí)仿效之能事。海滋現(xiàn)象山來已久。數(shù)百

2、年來，世界上的任何大洋和公海，只要是船 只所能到達(dá)的地方，就有海盜的蹤跡。早在埃及法老阿赫那吞時(shí)期(公元前1350 年)，就已有這樣的記載：有不明國籍、不懸掛盟旗的船只，在海上從事掠奪性 襲擊活動。希臘、羅馬在其帝國擴(kuò)張思想大行其道期間，在跨越重洋入侵他國領(lǐng) 土的航線上，也不得不面對海盜的肆虐。據(jù)說，第一個(gè)給經(jīng)現(xiàn)象下定義的是古希臘歷史學(xué)家普魯塔克 (Plutarch),即海盜行為是指非法襲擊輪船或沿海城鎮(zhèn)，不具有戰(zhàn)爭性質(zhì)，只 以搶劫錢財(cái)為唯一 U的的活動。我們今天所熟知的單詞“pirate”或“pyrate,大概是在公元前一 世紀(jì)中期的時(shí)候，從羅馬歷史學(xué)家波利比烏斯(Polybius)首次使用

3、的詞 “periat?！毖葑兌鴣淼模馑际恰昂Ｑ舐訆Z者”。有意思的是，在第九、十和十一世紀(jì)期間十分猖獗的諾斯(Norse)強(qiáng) 盜并不叫做海啟 而叫做“維京人” (Vikings)和丹麥強(qiáng)盜(Danes)。公元十三世紀(jì)末，中國的中央政權(quán)經(jīng)歷了重大的政治變革，曲滋行為 也隨之在東方盛行起來。明朝期間(1368-1668年),中國的海盜統(tǒng)治著中國海 域。當(dāng)時(shí)的（中國）海盜所用的船只非常龐大，足足可以承載300多人，在中國 沿海城市猖狂掠奪，肆虐時(shí)間長達(dá)好兒個(gè)世紀(jì)。當(dāng)時(shí)，荷蘭的東印度公司還想征用中國邈遜來組建其私有武裝船隊(duì)， 以幫助它實(shí)現(xiàn)對亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的控制權(quán)。歐洲商人也在雅加達(dá)設(shè)立（武裝）基地, 招

4、募中國海盜，為他們的利益擴(kuò)張充當(dāng)工具。中國海盜畢竟只為自身利益著想， 于是到后來，他們干脆建立自己的貿(mào)易公司，變賣所掠奪的商品，所獲取的錢財(cái) 成倍增長。曾經(jīng)名噪一方的巴巴利（Barbary）海岸線，從北非海岸到埃及西部邊 境再到大西洋地區(qū)，從16世紀(jì)中期到19世紀(jì)末期，一直都是曲滋和反叛了的私 人武裝船隊(duì)的天堂。巴巴利海盜曾讓人聞風(fēng)喪膽，常常受雇于穆斯林國家，在地 中海地區(qū)對基督教國家的船只進(jìn)行襲擊。當(dāng)時(shí)叫做克賽爾（Corsairs）的強(qiáng)盜， 也許是北非海盜（Barbarossa）中最沒名氣的了，但即使是這幫海盜，也和阿爾 及利亞和突尼斯聯(lián)合起來，成立軍事化國家，接受奧特曼回教派的統(tǒng)治，以維持

5、 其海盜收入。十七世紀(jì)八十年代到十八世紀(jì)三十年代是邈噬的黃金時(shí)期，也是全世 界海洋冒險(xiǎn)家的新時(shí)代，他們的故事被拍成電影，被著書立傳，神話和現(xiàn)實(shí)的界 限模糊不清。杰克船長竟能和黑胡子大盜共頂一個(gè)藍(lán)天，而彼得潘號的胡克船長 看起來簡直和摩爾根船長一樣逼真?？墒钦l能真正說清楚誰是真人呢？今天，遜仍然在公海為害四方，他們?yōu)榱隋X財(cái)而搶劫殺人。游輪如 果離開佛羅里達(dá)沿海進(jìn)入國際海域，就常常會遭到襲擊?，F(xiàn)在海盜還在中國海域、 地中海以及印度洋的索馬里海域橫行霸道，他們有自己的聯(lián)盟，不屬于任何國家, 每個(gè)月都在搶劫過往的船只。只要能夠發(fā)財(cái)，海盜就會不停地在海上游弋，不停 的尋找他們所需要的目標(biāo)，繼續(xù)搶奪輪船上

6、的財(cái)寶。（江天夢譯）The origin and short history of piratesThe facts, legends and myths about pirates abounds from sea story to sea story. It is very unusual to meet anyone who has not seen a movie or read a book about pirates Int erestingly, most people know lit tie or no history about real pirates and ages

7、of piracyThe appearance of the popular Captain Jack Sparrow in the movie series Pirates of the Caribbean, has stimulated many people to have pirate parties, wear pirate attire, speak like a pirate and learn all they can about the media hyped colorful characters that have raided the oceans for 1, 000

8、s of yearsPiracy has been going on for centuries across the world in every ocean and open sea that vessels sailed During the time of Egyptian Pharoah Akhenaten (1350 BC) written descriptions of plundering attacks were occurring by ships that bore no nations flag of allegiance Both the Greeks and Rom

9、ans faced pirates on the Mediterranean Sea when their empire expansionism took then across the water to foreign landsPlutarch (ancient Greek Historian) is said to have given the first definition of piracy as - an illegal attack on a ship or coastal town, that was not of a warring nature, but for plu

10、nder of monetary gain aloneThe word we know today as pirate or 5 pyrateJ comes from the Roman historian Polybius around the mid 100 BC era, who used the word periatoJ to describe sea maraudersIt is interesting that Norse raiders of the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries were not called pirates, but rather

11、 Vikings and DanesPiracy seemed to rise in the orient at the time China was enduring great political change in their central power beginning at the end of the 13th century. During the Ming Dynasty(1368-1668) Chinese pirates ruled the China Sea Pirates using huge ships that could carry over 300 men p

12、illaged the China coastal cities for several centuriesThe Dutch East India Company tried to recruit Chinese pirates as privateers to help them control the Asian market trade The European traders created a base in Jakarta and enlisted the Chinese pirates to help them expand their interests Eventually

13、 the Chinese pirates, who were always out for their own self interests, formed their own trade companies and made double the money on their looted goodsThe notorious Barbary Coast, which ran from the coast of North Africa to the western border of Egypt to the Atlantic Ocean was a haven for renegade

14、privateers and pirates from the mid 1500s through the late 1800s. Barbary pirates were a fearsome group often hired by Muslim nations to attack Christians ships in the Mediterranean region. Known as corsairs, perhaps the most infamous Barbary Coast pirate was Barbarossa, who united Algeria and Tunis

15、ia as military states under the Ottoman sultanate and maintained his revenues by piracyThe Golden Age of Pirates, 1680 - 1730s, is the era of new world maritime adventurers, who movies and books have been made and written about, where myth and truth blur Jack Sparrow co-exists with Blackbeard and Ca

16、ptain Hook of Peter Panz，seems as real as Captain Morgan, but can you really say who really existed?Pirates still sail the high seas today raiding and killing for money and booty Yachts are often attacked off the Florida coast when they enter international water Pirates still sail regions of the China Seas, Me