被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題講解課件

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（The Passive Voice）：1）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（The Passive Voice）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) English is studied by many students.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞1) We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is clean

2、ed (by us) 2) Teachers allow students to wear their own clothes. Students are allowed (by teachers) to wear their own clothes.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法:1.只知道動(dòng)作的承受者;如,A note was passed up to the speaker.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者;如,Table tennis is played all over China.3.不需要指出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者.如，Another bridge has been built across th

3、e Changjiang River.2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)一樣。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): v. be + PP. am is areOur classroom is

4、cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things+ PP.be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):一般過(guò)去時(shí): S + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式was were+ PP.I was invited to the concert. 我應(yīng)邀參加了音樂(lè)會(huì).Cars were invented in 1885. 汽車是在1885年發(fā)明的.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）一般將來(lái)時(shí): will + V.be+ PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）1.A new hospital will be

5、built in our city.2.Many more trees will be planted next year.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): be + Vingbeing+ PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）This question is being discussed at the meeting. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題正在會(huì)上討論.Many trees are being cut down . 許多樹正在被砍伐.am is are+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was were + Vingbeing+ PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）W

6、hen I called , tea was being served. 我來(lái)訪時(shí),正值上茶之際.When I came back, the boy was being beaten. 我回來(lái)時(shí),有人正打男孩呢.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have has + PPbeen+ PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞） My car has been repaired. 2. This book has been translated into many languages.3. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into

7、space by many coutries.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去完成時(shí): had + PPbeen+ PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）Tom looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening. 湯姆望著那些已經(jīng)點(diǎn)著并放在洞口附近的提燈.The portieres that hung across the folding doors had been taken down for the summer. 折門上面的門簾夏天已經(jīng)取下來(lái)了.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)

8、詞的過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): would + V.be+ PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）He said that the bridge would be built next year. 他說(shuō)這座橋明年將建成.Another half-hour and all doors would be locked. 再過(guò)半小時(shí),所有的門都要上鎖.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + V.be + PP(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）This must be done as soon as possible. 這件事必須盡快做.These stairs are very dangerous. They

9、 should be repaired. 這樓梯很危險(xiǎn),應(yīng)該修理了.Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)要非常小心，要看兩邊,不然會(huì)被車撞倒的.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1) Teenagers should be allowed to get their ears pierced.2) This must be done as soon as possible.3) It can be repaired.結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的4個(gè)步驟：

10、1 把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。2 把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be +過(guò)去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3 原主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4 其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 We bought some books. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去式 賓語(yǔ) Some books were bought ( by us ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞 介詞+ 賓語(yǔ) For example:IloveEnglish.Englishis lovedby me.如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)

11、態(tài)?Many people speak English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))English is spoken by many people.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be don

12、e at onceAll the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there.

13、 Trees are being planted over there by them.There are two books to be read. There are two more trees to be planted. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has wri

14、tten two novels so far. Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now. A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door when you leave. The door must be locked when you leave

15、.5)Exercises:一.選擇填空:Windows_ of glass.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. m

16、ade5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA 1.Our school _in 2002.(開辦)2.The young trees must_well.(照顧)3. _

17、 this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held將下列句子由主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句或由被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句：Zheng Jie invented this special pen.變被動(dòng)句 2)The bike was fixed

18、up by Jimmy. 變主動(dòng)句3) People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.4) Teachers allow students to put up hands in class.This special pen was invented Zheng Jie. Jimmy fixed up the bikeSunglasses are used (by people) to protect eyes.Students are allowed (by teachers) toput up hands in class.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：

19、 1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4) French_ (speak) in France. 5) Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed練習(xí)一 請(qǐng)把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句（注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致）1 He

20、wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2 The people make history.History is made by people.3 Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4 They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5 Where did yo

21、u make them?Where were they made by you? 一 用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?1 History is _ by the people. ( make) 2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3 The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4 The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6 A new subway _ (build) next year.

22、 7 She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8 Thousands of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far. 9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11 Young trees should _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been take

23、nhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe wateredMultiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful

24、, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. ( ) I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has riddenDBBA 3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written

25、D. is writing A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayedC6. ( ) I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too. You mean if Tom comes ,youll come.8. ( ) The children must _. 9. ( ) The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown DDBA. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited7. ( ) Everyone who he

26、ard Mr. Greens story _ it.A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed atAA. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened while she was away.A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of10. ( ) I saw you were on foot this morning. Yes. My bike _. A. is

27、 mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mendingB 由 不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)句 主語(yǔ) +不及物動(dòng)詞 +介詞 +賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句 主語(yǔ)(原賓語(yǔ)) +be +介詞 + by +原主語(yǔ)之賓格She looks after her grandmother. (主動(dòng)句 )Her grandmother is looked after by her.被動(dòng)句 )My friends laughed at me all the time. (主動(dòng)句 )I was laughed at by my friends all th

28、e time. (主動(dòng)句 )注 :介詞不能省略 =及物動(dòng)詞注意：在主動(dòng)句中see ，watch ，hear，make 等后+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸?動(dòng)句時(shí)一律在see ，watch ，hear， make等后加上to。練習(xí)1 We hear birds sing every morning.Birds are heard to sing by us every morning. 2 His father made him stay at home.He was made to stay at home by his father.其他:1. I often hear him sing songs in the next room.He is often heard to sing in the next room.2. The boss makes the workers work fifteen hours a day.The workers are made to work fifteen hours a day.1. Alexande