作文模板江蘇高考讀寫任務(wù)寫作備考策略

1、讀寫任務(wù)型寫作備考策略如何寫好概括概括要點(diǎn)要求考生快速閱讀，找出文章的中心句。中心句。一般在文章的開頭、中間或結(jié)尾的地方。但有時需要考生借助關(guān)鍵詞句自己總結(jié)，此時要注意改變語態(tài)、句式、措辭等，避免直接引用原句。概括是一個獲取信息、加工信息的過程，需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S和準(zhǔn)確的語言表達(dá)能力，要使用自己的語言來表達(dá)，不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。因此，“概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”實(shí)為客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述作者的觀點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。概括包括兩個部分：主題句和支撐句。概括的方法如下：1.概括要抓住要點(diǎn),語言精練:注重大意，省去詳細(xì)的例子、細(xì)節(jié)，可先畫出短文中的重要句子，例如文中的主題句、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論等。如果給的閱讀材料是一個

2、故事，應(yīng)該用最簡練的語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水，而且最好講述該故事給你的啟示或其中的一個道理。如果是說明性或描述性短文,你就必須用概括的文字來說明某種現(xiàn)象。如果是議論文的閱讀短文,則要盡可能客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)(提示：檢查概括時要看要點(diǎn)、看人稱、看時態(tài)、看語法、看句子結(jié)構(gòu))。2.不能添加自己的見解，但是要用自己的語言概括3.Writeitinthethirdperson.（第三人稱）4.Controlthenumberofwordsabout30.(25-40個字之內(nèi)不會造成扣分)如何更好地完成第二項(xiàng)任務(wù)提出自己的觀點(diǎn)并加以論證思路如下：(1)要緊緊圍繞所給主題。(2)明確

3、任務(wù)，千萬不要漏掉寫作內(nèi)容中任何一個要點(diǎn)。(3)可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的觀點(diǎn)，也可參照閱讀材料中的內(nèi)容，但不得照抄原文(4)注意連接詞的恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用。(5)考生要寫好“三句”：一是主題句，主題句擬論述的主題，句中必須包含可擴(kuò)展主題的詞、詞組或從句。二是擴(kuò)展句，擴(kuò)展句要利用必要的細(xì)節(jié)對主題加以論證說明，是段落的主題部分。它的表達(dá)形式是多種多樣的，可以按時間和空間順序，從整體到局部，從局部到整體的方法敘述、描寫、說明或議論。三是結(jié)論句，它主要是總結(jié)要點(diǎn)，與主題句相呼應(yīng)，使讀者對主題有深刻的印象或思考。議論文萬能句：1進(jìn)行概括概括文章要點(diǎn)，語言要精練，概括要全面，行文連貫，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。議論文要盡

4、可能客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat2.Wecanknowfromthepassage3.Asfarastheauthorisconcerned,4.Thechapteraboveisconcerning+n.5.Thearticlegivestheviewthatshould/shouldnt（主題）.（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）.6.Thepassagehighlights(強(qiáng)調(diào))theimportanceofsth.7.Theauthorarguesthat2自然過渡寫完概括后，用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡語引出自己的觀點(diǎn)(反對或贊成)。過渡語起承

5、上啟下的作用，要顯自然、連貫。常用的過渡句式有：表示贊同（1）ThisiswhatIwanttosay.（2）IfullysupportthestatementabovebecauseIamverysure.（3）Iquiteagreewiththewritersidea.(4).Icantagreemorewithwhatthewritersaid/says.表示不贊同（1）tobefair,theauthorisrightinthatbuthejustgoestoofarinsayingthat.（2）Idontagreewiththewritersview.（3）Imstronglyag

6、ainstthewritersidea.（4）Thisopinionsoundsrightbutishardlypractical.3.列舉例證提出自己的觀點(diǎn)后就要用具體的事例來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。常用的句式有：(1)First,.Second,.Last,.(2)Ononehand,.ontheotherhand,.(3)Foronething.andforanother.(4)Furthermore/Besides/Inaddition,.(5)Somethink.,whileothersmay.4.總結(jié)點(diǎn)題進(jìn)一步總結(jié)作者的觀點(diǎn)，提出具體做法或號召，升華文章的主題?？梢杂锰渍Z配名言來點(diǎn)題，并注

7、意文章前后呼應(yīng)。（1）Tosumup/Inshort/Inconclusion/Inaword/Allinall.（2）Takingallthefactorsintoaccount，wecandrawaconclusionthat.（3）Fromthediscussionabove，itcanbesafelyconcludedthat.（4）Therefore，itisnecessaryforusto.觀點(diǎn)論證型Scientistsfindthathard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenarehealthier

8、thanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthejoblessareinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshowsthatwhenevertheemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrateincreasecorrespondinglyby2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workishelpfultohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itisbecauseworkkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromloneliness.Resear

9、chesshowthatpeoplefeelunhappy,worriedandlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoarebusy.Workservesasabridgebetweenmanandreality.Bywork,peoplecomeintocontactwitheachother.Bycollectiveactivities,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofworkmeansthelossofeverything

10、.Itaffectsmanspirituallyandmakeshimlikelytodisease.Besides,workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseofachievement.Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety.Whenawriterfinisheshiswritingorteacherseeshisstudentsgrow,theyarehappybeyondwords.寫作內(nèi)容1.以約30個詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2.然后以約120個詞就“努力學(xué)習(xí)，快樂生活”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點(diǎn)：(1)

11、你贊同“努力學(xué)習(xí)也可以快樂生活”這一觀點(diǎn)嗎？簡要闡述理由。(2)舉例說明你的同學(xué)是如何努力學(xué)習(xí)并保持健康樂觀的心態(tài)的？(3)簡述如何才能做到努力學(xué)習(xí)并快樂生活？Key:標(biāo)題：Studyhardandenjoyyourselves(概括)Theauthorhighlightstheeffectofworkonpeopleshealth,becauseitcanridoneofloneliness,andmakeonefeelfruitfulandproudofhimself,whichalwayscontributestoagoodbody.In（個人觀點(diǎn)：贊同或不贊同）commonwithth

12、eauthor,Iagreethattheharderyouwork,thehappieryouwillbe,ashardworkcankeepapersonbusy,andgiveoneasenseofachievement,hencehewillbeself-confidentandfeelhappy.（正文）Aroundme,someofmyclassmatesworkveryhard,hopingtofulfilltheirdream.However,theydontseemunhappy.Oppositely,theytrytofindfunevenunderthepressureo

13、ftheNMET.Forexample,theymaysharethejoywithotherswhenworkingoutaproblem.Sometimestheymayplayatrickonhispartnerusingthenewly-learnedidioms,thusrefreshthemselvesquickly.（總結(jié)）Asforme,Ithinkonlywhenwetrulyexperiencewhatfunitis,canwesparenoefforttostudyhardandmeanwhileenjoyourselves.對立觀點(diǎn)式寫作題一Anapproximate4

14、00sqmhallwasfullofpeople，anddozensoftwistingqueueswerewrigglingforwardEachonewithhandsfulloftutoringbooksclusteredintheGuangzhouBookCenteratthefirstweekendofthenewsemesteritThetutoringbooksandthereferenceseriesoftheNewClassStandardsaretheprincipletargetsfortheparents“Eachfamilyhasonlyonechildandpare

15、ntswanttogivethebesttothekid”oneparentsaidInordertogetanappropriatebooktomeettheirchildrensneeds，manyofthemhavebeenwaitingformorethan3hours“Absolutely，canneverbecalledahappyexperiencebutyoumustdosomethingforyourchildren，”saidanotherparent，withacomplicatedlookonherfaceEducatorswarnedthattoomanytutori

16、ngbooksarenotgoodforthechildren.ParentsandschoolsshouldchoosebooksfromreliablepublishinghousesTheyalsoarguedthattoomanytutoringbookswouldbeaheavyburdentomiddleschoolstudentsandalsoawasteofmoneybecausemanyofthesebookshavethesamecontentandarealwaysthrownawayafteruse“Middleschoolstudentsmustfocusonthei

17、rstudy，butinacertainsense，therelationshipbetweentutoringbooksandscoreshasbeenover-emphasized”saidProfessorLi，onefamousspecialistintheeducationfield【寫作內(nèi)容】1以約30個詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2然后以約120個詞就“書該不該買”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點(diǎn)：a有些人認(rèn)為書應(yīng)該借來看，這樣既可以充分利用公共資源，又可以節(jié)約；b有些人認(rèn)為書應(yīng)該買來看，這樣才會更方便；c闡述你自己的看法并說明理由?！揪毩?xí)】（概括）Thepassagearguesthat_

18、（一方觀點(diǎn)）ManypeoplechoosetoborrowbooksfromlibrariesForonething，_Foranother，_（另一方觀點(diǎn)）However，othersarguethattheadvantagesforbuyingbooksaremoreobviousFirstly，_Secondly_Finally，_（個人觀點(diǎn)）Ithink_（總結(jié)）Asfortutoringbooksandtextbooks，Iprefer_題二WealllovenewinventionsTheyareexciting，amazingandcanchangeourlivesButhav

19、eallthesedevelopmentsreallyimprovedthequalityofourlives?aPicturethis：YourerushingtofinishyourhomeworkonthecomputerYourmobilephonerings，QQmessagefromyourfriendappearsonthescreen，andthenoisefromthetelevisionisgettinglouderandlouderSuddenlythecomputergoesblankandyouloseallyourworkNowyouhavetostayupalln

20、ighttogetitdoneHowcalmandhappydoyoufeel?InventionshavespedupourlivessomuchthattheyoftenleaveusfeelingstressedandfiredWhydoyouthinkpeoplewholivefarawayfromnoisycities，whohavenotelephones，nocars，notevenanyelectricityoftenseemtobehappier?Perhapsitisbecausetheyleadsimplelives【寫作內(nèi)容】1以約30個詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2然后以約12

21、0個詞就“科技發(fā)明給我們帶來了什么”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點(diǎn)：a科技發(fā)明為生活帶來的便利；b科技發(fā)明為生活帶來的煩惱；c.結(jié)合自身或身邊的例子說明如何取得利與弊的平衡。【練習(xí)】Fillinthegaps：Theauthordiscussed_（弊端）ItgoeswithoutsayingthatnewinventionssometimescausetroublesinourlifeForexample，_Whatsmore，_(好處)However_（結(jié)論）Sotherearealwaysatleasttwoaspectstoanysituation_記敘文寫作萬能句：“【思路點(diǎn)撥】敘事

22、類文章的內(nèi)容包括“主題、情節(jié)和主旨”三個方面，其中情節(jié)是主要部分，主題”和“主旨”有時藏于“情節(jié)”之中。但在寫摘要時，不能僅僅描寫情節(jié)，必要時要點(diǎn)出“主題”和“主旨”。(1)審題，明確題目要求：通過審題明確文章主題、寫作內(nèi)容、主要時態(tài)和主體人稱等問題。(2)閱讀，抓住內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：閱讀短文，找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。記敘文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)是：時間(when)，地點(diǎn)(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，結(jié)果怎么樣(how)，這是記敘文的五要素。(3)概括，轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn)；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。用自己的話將記敘文的五要素串聯(lián)起來,但有時也不一定面面俱到，只需回答下列問題即可：誰做了什么事？

23、結(jié)果怎么樣？文章揭示了什么？需要與否，看實(shí)際情況)(4)過渡，引出自己的觀點(diǎn)：寫了摘要后，用句過渡的話，再引出自己的觀點(diǎn)(贊成或反對)或引出類似的故事。(5)例證，論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。編寫與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不同的故事(親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu))。(6)結(jié)論，注意前后呼應(yīng)。(7)潤色，使其錦上添花：一查人稱是否符合要求；二查語法方面的問題，包括用詞、時態(tài)等方面的錯誤等；三查邏輯關(guān)系，看前后觀點(diǎn)是否一致；四查是否使用一些較為高級的句型，摘要的開頭語a.點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：1.Thepassage/storyismainlyabout(talksabout)2.Thewriter/authortellsusab

24、out3.Thewritertellsus（主題）byshowingusanexampleof,who/which（故事情節(jié)）.b.作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,whichc.他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsbsexperienceofdoingsth.記敘文的過渡語(引出類似的經(jīng)歷)1.Thisstoryremindsmeofanotherstorythathappenedto2.Thisstoryremindsmeofasimilarexperienceof/I

25、haveasimilarexperiencelikethewriter.3.Thereisastoryaboutmerealizingtheimportanceofpatience.4.Takemeforexample.5.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ihaveasimilarexperience.第三段：1.Throughthisexperience,Ihavelearnedthatweshouldhelpeachotherinourdailylife.2.Asforme/Personally,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontothe

26、problem,onlyinthiswaycanwebuildaharmonioussocietyinthefuture.結(jié)尾段：1.Tobebrief，weshouldbeawareoftheimportanceof.總之，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)明白的重要性。2.Therefore，itisnecessaryforusto.因此，我們有必要3.Inaword/Allinall/Inconclusion/TosumupTheBestGiftDellaandJimbrokeawayfromtheirfamiliestogetmarried.Nowtheylivedinasmallatticofacoldand

27、oldbuilding.Theywerenowdigestingthehardshipoflife.Theonlyjoywastheirsweetloveforeachother.Thehandsomehusbandhadtobeburdenedwithafamilythoughhewasyoung.Thebeautifulwifetookcareoftheshabbyhousewiththefewcoinsshesaved.Christmaswascoming.Theywerethinkingofagoodgiftforeachother.Dellaworeawaterfallofblack

28、hair,buthercombwasbroken.Jimhadagoldwatchwithanoldchain,whichwaspassedfromhisoldgrandfather.Thebigdayfinallycame.Onarrivinghome,JimwassurprisedtofindDellaslonghaircutshort.ButDellawasalsosurprisedtofindJimsgoldwatchgone.Shehadsoldherhairtobuyagoldwatchchainforhim!Hehadsoldhisgoldwatchtobuyanexpensiv

29、ecombforher!Thegiftswerenowuseless.Butinfacttheygotthebestgifts.【學(xué)生樣本1】Thispassagetellsusastoryaboutacouple.Theysoldthemostvaluablethingforthemselvestobuyagiftsforeachother.Eventhoughthegiftsbecameuseless,they(had)receivedthebestgift(s)indeed.【學(xué)生樣本2】ThisstorytellsusthatahusbandJimandawifeDellaloveea

30、chother.OnChristmas,theysendthebestgiftstoeachother,buteachlosetheirdearthing.Thegiftsareuseless.【評論點(diǎn)撥】兩個樣本都表達(dá)了一些關(guān)鍵的詞語(Della,Jim,love,gift等),但是從“主題句統(tǒng)攝支撐句”的要求來看，與記敘文的文體目的配合不夠完美。樣本1的主題句沒有樣本2好。樣本1比較空洞，讀者看不出故事的主題和“教化”意義，且有不少的語法錯誤；樣本2沒有點(diǎn)明禮物，說到了兩個人之間的“l(fā)ove”。但是樣本1后面的支撐句Eventhoughthegiftsbecameuseless,they(

31、had)receivedthebestgift(s)indeed.說明了故事的情節(jié)和目的，又比樣本2好。因此，兩個樣本差不多，可以評34分(滿分5分)。參考答案：ThetextisaboutagiftoflovebetweenJimandDella.Bothofthemsoldwhattheylikedbesttobuyagiftfortheother.Thegiftswereinfactthetruelovetoeachother.說明文寫作萬能句【思路點(diǎn)撥】讀寫任務(wù)說明文寫作，要了解說明的主旨以及說明的順序，要求學(xué)生按照合理的順序或按一定的寫作線索選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，將句子連珠成串，使各句連

32、成結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、層次分明、語義連貫的短文。說明文的特點(diǎn)：條理清楚，層次分明。說明文的文章結(jié)構(gòu)：介紹對象(主題)支持說明。注意：人稱一般是第三人稱，時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時?！揪湫头e累】常見幾種篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及其對應(yīng)句式：1描寫事物的性質(zhì)功用，“對象性質(zhì)功用利弊”：Inthepassagethewriterintroduces.(對象)tous,especially.(性質(zhì)或功用),fromwhichweknow.(對象帶來的利弊)2針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施，“問題解決方法”：Thepassagetellsushowto.(問題),including.3介紹某現(xiàn)象及原因和結(jié)果，“現(xiàn)象原因結(jié)果”：Theau

33、thorsaid/talksabout.(現(xiàn)象)of.,because/but.4現(xiàn)象揭示類：Thisarticlepointsout(指出)thecommonphenomenon.(主題),which.(補(bǔ)充解釋)/Thephenomenonmentionedinthispassagereflectsthat5利弊對比類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandBA.whileB.Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside.,butitmayalso.6研究顯示類：Thest

34、udyreveals(揭露)that.Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat.夾敘夾議就是一方面敘述某一事情，一方面又對此事加以分析與評論。這種表達(dá)方式中的敘與議是一個有機(jī)的整體，“敘”是“議”的基礎(chǔ)，即議論不能脫離記敘，必須在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上展開；議”是“敘”的滲透，即議論在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)表，且要有一定的深度與廣度。寫夾敘夾議類書面表達(dá)時，思維要有靈活性，要隨著記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式。夾敘夾議的寫作文章內(nèi)容要素包括who,what,when,where,how。夾敘夾議文寫作的具體過程是：點(diǎn)題(abstract),指向(orientation),進(jìn)展(ac

35、tion)，評議(evaluation),結(jié)果(result)和回應(yīng)(coda)。Injuniorhighschool,oneofmyclassmates,Ethan,wasaddictedtoTV.ThisboysimplykneweverythingaboutsuchpopshowsaswhostheBoss?ThenonedayEthansmothermadehimanofferinordertodrawhimbacktohisschoolsubjects.Shepromisedthatshewouldgivehim$200ifhecouldgoafullmonthwithoutwatchinganyTVNoneofusthoughtEthancoulddoit,buthedidquitTVHismompaidhim$200.Hewento