海洋經(jīng)濟外文文獻

1、Evaluation and analysis on the environmentalperformance of marine economy in the coastalareas of ChinaYi ZhengInformation college, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China, 200090 HYPERLINK mailto:yzhengl yzhenglKeywords: evaluation. environmental performance. marine economy.Abstract: For promotin

2、g the development of marine economy more sustainable,based the data envelopment analysis method and combined with the impact of the marine environment, the environmental performance of marine economy was evaluated for Chinese coastal provinces. Firstly the classical CCR model was used. Then a model

3、considered undesirable outputs was made to suit to Chinese marine economy. Made use of the two models, the economic efficiencies without environmental consideration and the environmental performance index were calculated and compared. According to the results, the empirical relation between EPI and

4、EE per capita GDP and the industrial structure was analyzed. IntroductionWith the ocean and coastal resources were developed, marine pollution is becoming more and more serious. This requires that the development of marine economy in our country should be properly adjusted. Comprehensive evaluation

5、for marine economic efficiency can find the developing level and existing problem of marine economy in the coastal areas, so as to providing some reference for scientific decision-making and guide the coastal local economy to a healthy way.In recent years the term “ environmentalperformance ”w,hich

6、offers policy analysts and decision makers condensed information by the construction of an aggregated environmental performance index(EPI), has been universally advocated and quoted. From the point of view of operations research, the existing techniques for constructing aggregated EPIs can also be d

7、ivided into two big categories, namely the indirect approach and direct approach. In the direct approach, an aggregatedEPI is directly obtained from the observed quantities of the inputs and outputs of the studied system using a nonparametric approach called Data envelopment analysis (DEA) 1.Chung e

8、t a1 (1997) Seiford and Zhu(2002) Vencheh eta1 (2005) Bian Yiwen (2007) Hua et a1 (2008) Lozano et a1 (2009) etc. have researched and developed the problem of environmental efficiency evaluation from different angles with data envelopment analysis. They made a lot of achievements, but the result abo

9、ut the marine industries is almost no in these research.So this paper made use of the DEA method and combined with the impact of the marine environment to evaluate the environmental performance of marine economy for Chinese coastal provinces,. It will promote the development of marine economy more s

10、ustainable and also develop the field of the DEA application.Research MethodsEvaluation Model. Firstly the classical CCR model (output-oriented) in data envelopment analysis 2 was used in this paper. It only considered the desirable production, without considering the harmful effects on the environm

11、ent. Then another model was made, in which a decision making unit is efficient when it produces the most desirable production with the least damage to the environment. And these byproducts generated with desirable productions, such as sewage, called undesirable output. Obviously, the desirable outpu

12、t and undesirable output always produced at the same time and must be improved in the opposite direction, the more desirable outputs and the least undesirable outputs the better. Although the traditional DEA model have been made some gains in dealing with both the different outputs, but there is sti

13、ll much room for improvement. In order to consider economic and environmental performance better, this paper uses a slack-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in data envelopment analysis to construct a comprehensive efficiency evaluation index by maximizing input and output slack variables.The relatio

14、n between EPI and EE. It can be seen in the table 3, there is a strong correlation between the EPI and EE. Whether or not considering the environment benefit, the relative ranking of the two kinds of efficiency was almost invariant. According to their efficiency, all coastal provinces and municipali

15、ties in China can be divided into three levels. The first level was Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Tianjin, their two kinds of efficiency both were the highest, followed by Fujian, HeBei, Liaoning and Guangdong, and Zhejiang, Hainan and Guangxi had the lowest level. Further analysis found that, the

16、 relative difference of EE is smaller than EPI. If the first group is 100% for EE, second group is in 48% to 63%, and the minimum in the third group is more than 20%. But if considering the environmental benefits, the relative efficiency EPI varies greatly, the difference between EPI is bigger than

17、between the EE. As the first group was 100% for EPI, the second was only in 21% to 23%, the third was below 20%. So for Chinas marine economy, the EE have close ties to the EPI. An area with the highest economic efficiency also has the highest environmental performance, and vice versa, low economic

18、efficiency will lead to lower environmental performance.The relation between EPI and per capita GDP. Economic efficiency is not equal to the level of economic development. If the degree of economic development in a regional is represented by per capita GDP, the results in this paper showed that the

19、relations between EPI and the local economy were different in different stages. When per capita GDP is low (less than 30000 yuan), such as Hainan and Guangxi, the EPI is low; when per capita GDP is high (greater than 60000), the EPI is high too; but when per capita GDP is between them (about from 40

20、000 to 60000 yuan), the EPI cha nges un certai nly, such as per capita GDP of Shandong was 4.71 million yuan in 2011, its EPI was 100%, but Zhejiangs per capita GDP was close to 6 million yuan, the EPI was less than 17%. This shows that, in the development stage, effective en vir onmen tal man ageme

21、 nt is particularly importa nt to improve the en vir onmen tal performa nee.The relationship between EPI and industrial structure The calculation of two models show that, whether or not consider the environmental impact, to improve the economic efficie ncy un der maintaining the curre nt output, the

22、 reduct ion rate of marine fish ing motor vessels is the highest, the average reduction rate in CCR model is 54.6%, and the average rate in UOM model is 62.7%. For considering the environmental impact, the UOM model reflect: the marine fishery had the lowest efficiency, and the marine tourism is the

23、 second. The average reduct ion rate of its corresp onding evaluatio n in dex rooms in star-related hotels was 49.8%, marine transport industry is the highest efficiency in the three industries, the average reduct ion rate for its represe nt in dexprodubeveisjier ” on0s45%.According the research, to

24、 improve the efficiency of marine industry, adjustment of marine fisheries is the com mon task for all non-effective area beside Tianji n, Shandong, Jia ngsu and Shan ghai. I n additi on, Lia oning, Hebei, Guan gxi and Hainan should focus on impro ving the efficiency of tourism industry, Zhejiang, F

25、ujian and Guangdong should pay attention to raise the efficie ncy of port and tran sport in dustry. At the same time, Hebei, Guan gxi, Fujia n and Zhejiang should carry out more stringent waste water treatment standards to improve the industries achieving more effective state, because their reductio

26、n rate of waste water discharged was the highest.AcknowledgementsThis work was financially supported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commissi on (13ZS100).ReferencesP.Zhou, B. W.Ang, K.L.Poh. Measuring environmental performanee under different environmental DEA technologies

27、. Energy Economics, VI.30 (2008), p.1-14.Quanling Wei. data envelopment analysis. Beijing:Science Press (2004).Tone. A slack-based measure of efficie ncy in data en velopme nt an alysis. Europea n Jour nal of operatio nal research, VI.130 (2001), p.498-509.State Oceanic Administration. China marine

28、statistical yearbook 2012, Beijing: China Ocean press(2013).China ocean bureau. Marine environmental information, 4 (2013). Information on HYPERLINK /zwgk/hyhjxx/201308/t20130827_27127.htm /zwgk/hyhjxx/201308/t20130827_27127.htmlSustainable Development of Industry and Economy10.4028/ HYPERLINK http:

29、/www.scie www.scie ntific. net/AMR.869-870Evaluation and Analysis on the Environmental Performance of Marine Economy in theCoastal Areas of China10.4028/ HYPERLINK http:/www.scie www.scie ntific. net/AMR.869-870.623譯文評估和分析海洋經(jīng)濟在中國沿海地區(qū)的環(huán)保性能鄭毅信息學院，上海海洋大學，上海，中國，200090yzhe ng.c nl摘要：為促進海洋經(jīng)濟更加可持續(xù)的發(fā)展，基于數(shù)據(jù)包

30、絡分析法并結(jié)合對海洋環(huán)境的影響，海洋經(jīng)濟的環(huán)保性能為中國沿海省份進行了評價。首先，使用經(jīng)典的CCR模式。再考慮非期望產(chǎn)出模型是為了適應中國的海洋經(jīng)濟。利用這兩個模型的，經(jīng)濟效率不受環(huán)境代價及環(huán)境性能指標進行 了計算和比較。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，計劃免疫和EE人均GDP和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的經(jīng)驗關系進行了分析。關鍵詞:評價環(huán)保性能 海洋經(jīng)濟介紹與海洋和沿海資源開發(fā)，海洋污染變得越來越嚴重。這就要求海洋經(jīng)濟在我國的發(fā)展應適當調(diào)整。海洋經(jīng)濟效益綜合評價可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在沿海地區(qū)海洋經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展水平和存在的問題，從而為客戶 提供科學的決策有一定的參考和指導沿海地方經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展。近年來，所謂“環(huán)保性能”，它提供了政策分析家

31、和決策者通過聚合環(huán)境績效指數(shù)（ EPI）的建 設簡明信息，已經(jīng)普遍提倡和引用。但從運籌學的角度來看，構(gòu)建環(huán)境績效指標匯總現(xiàn)有的技術也 可以分為兩大類，即間接的方式，直接的方法。在直接的方法，聚合EPI是直接從所研究的系統(tǒng)使用非參數(shù)方法，被稱為數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析（DEA的輸入和輸出的觀察數(shù)量獲得1。Chung等 A1（ 1997）Seiford 和朱（2002）Vencheh 等 A1（ 2005）卞醫(yī)紋（2007）華等 A1（2008）Loza no等A1（ 2009）等，已經(jīng)研究并從不同的角度開發(fā)的環(huán)境效益評估的問題數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析。他們做了很多的成績，但結(jié)果對海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)幾乎沒有在這些research.

32、So本文提出的數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析方法的使用，并結(jié)合海洋環(huán)境的影響，以評估海洋經(jīng)濟的環(huán)保性能服務中國沿海各省。它將促進海洋經(jīng)濟 更加可持續(xù)的發(fā)展，并開發(fā)了數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析的應用領域。研究方法評價模型。首先是經(jīng)典的 CCR模式（輸出為主）中的數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析法2本文所用。它只考慮了理想的生產(chǎn)，而不考慮對環(huán)境的有害影響。然后另一個模型制作，其中一個決策單元是有效的，當它產(chǎn)生最適宜的生產(chǎn)用最少的對環(huán)境的破壞。并與理想的作品，如污水產(chǎn)生這些副產(chǎn)品，稱為非期 望產(chǎn)出。顯然，期望的輸出和不希望的輸出總是產(chǎn)生在同一時間，并且必須在相反方向上得到改進， 更理想的輸出和至少不希望的輸出就更好了。雖然傳統(tǒng)的DEA模型已經(jīng)取得了一

33、些成果在處理兩個不同的輸出，但仍有很大的提升空間。為了更好地考慮經(jīng)濟和環(huán)保性能，本文采用數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析效 率的松弛型測量（SBM通過最大限度地提高輸入和輸出松弛變量，構(gòu)建一個綜合效益評價指標.EPI和EE之間的關系。它可以在表 3中可以看出，存在的 EPI和EE之間有很強的相關性。不 論是否考慮到環(huán)境效益，這兩種效率的相對排名幾乎是不變的。根據(jù)他們的效率，所有沿海省市在 中國可以分為三個層次。第一個層次是上海，江蘇，山東，天津，它們的兩種效率的兩個最高，其 次是福建，河北，遼寧，廣東，浙江，海南，廣西有最低的水平。進一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，EE 的相對差比EPI小。如果第一組為 100% EE，第二組是在 48%至63%，最小的第三組是 20%以上。但是， 如果考慮到環(huán)境效益，效率相對EPI良莠不齊，長盈之差大于EE之間。作為第一組為100%, EPI , 第二個是只在21%至23%,第三個是20%以下。因此，對于中國的海洋經(jīng)濟，在EE有密切的聯(lián)系，擴大免疫規(guī)劃。最高經(jīng)濟效率的地區(qū)也有最高的環(huán)保性能，反之亦然，經(jīng)濟效益低將導致較低的環(huán) 保性能。EPI與人均GDF之間的關系。經(jīng)濟效益不等于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平3。如果在一個區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的程度是由人均 GDP為代表，結(jié)果在本文中表明，EPI與地方經(jīng)濟