主謂一致 知識點(diǎn)總結(jié) 練習(xí)資料

1、教師寄語：Practicemakesperfect. 教師寄語：Practicemakesperfect. 一、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧、主謂一致的定義“主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are,were,have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is,was,has,works等。它通常依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則：語法一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。意義一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。因此也成為形式一致原則。helikesEnglis

2、h.wealllikeEnglish由and連接的兩個(gè)主語如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。E.g:MyEnglishteacherandmyclass-teacheraretalkingwitheachother.如果指的是同一個(gè)人或物，或者指同一概念的時(shí)候，謂語要用單數(shù)。E.g:MyEnglishteacherandclass-teacherisMissWang.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no，each，every，morethana(an)，manya(an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。E.g:ManyaboyandmanyagirlEverybo

3、yandeverygirlEachboyandeachgirlwantstoseethefilm.NoboyandnogirlMorethanaboyandmorethanagirl如果主語是不定式，動詞ing形式或主語從句的時(shí)候，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。他正在做的事情看起來很重要。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.收集郵票是他的愛好。Collectingstampsishishobby.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若在主系表結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中表語是復(fù)數(shù)Whathelefttomeweresomebooks.wh-從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)

4、，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytome.Whathethoughtanddidathomehavenothingtodowiththisproblem.but,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,including若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides，inadditionto,like，aswellas，等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式

5、；withaswellastogetherwith/alongwithTimbesides/except/but/inadditiontolikeincludingratherthannolessthan+tenboysplayingbasketball.在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：1)Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.2)Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動

6、詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family，class，police,team,group,nation,government，等。Theclassisthebestoneintheclass.Theclassaretakingnotes.Thefamilyisahappyone.Thefamilyaremusiclovers.由“alotof，lotsof，plentyof，therestof，themajorityof,therestof,mostof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Therearealotofpeopl

7、eintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.注意：anumberof“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumberof“的數(shù)量”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。people,cattle作主語是，謂語動詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)。Thecattleareeatingthegrass.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.所謂概念(意義)一致原則是指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式，而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形

8、式上是單數(shù)，但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如:physics,mathematics;國名如:theUnitedStates;報(bào)紙名如:theNewTimes;書名如:ArabianNights（一千零一夜）;以及theUnitedNations等作主語；謂語動詞要用單數(shù).trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the）pairof等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Myshoesisdirty.Thepairofshoeslooksbeauti

9、full.Ilikeitverymuch.表示“時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體.100milesisalongdistance.Fifty-sixdollarswasstolenbyathief.表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Oneandahalfapplesis（are）leftonthetable.算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。1）Twelvepluseightistwenty.2）Fifty-sixdivide

10、dbyeightisseven.a（this）kindof,apairof,aseriesof,asetof,acrowdof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1）AseriesofTVshowisinstructive.2）Thiskindofmenisdangerous.注意：Menofthiskindaredangerous.單復(fù)同形的名詞，女口:means,sheep,deer,species,aircraft,series,works（工廠），Chinese,Japanese,Spanish,Portuguese等作主語表復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。反之，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1）E

11、verymeanshasbeentried.2）Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb等就近一致Therebe句型Be可以由exist/stand/lie/seem代替TherehasbeenabookTherehavebeenbooks.用連詞or,either.or,neither.nor,notonly.butalso等連接的并列

12、主語，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.NotonlythestudentsbutalsoMissWanglikesEnglish.教師寄語：Practicemakesperfect.3教師寄語：Practicemakesperfect. NeitherthestudentsnorMissWanglikesEnglish.EitherthestudentsorMissWanglikesEnglish.ThreediedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoplesD.hu

13、ndredpeoplesEitheryouorthepresidenttheprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutI,whoyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.amB.isC.areD.beTheOlympicGamesintheyear2008inBeijingofChina,whichknowntousall.A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.

14、aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;isTherealotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweepup.A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;themThreemilliontonsofcoaleveryyearinthecity.A.isexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploitedStoriesoftheLongMarchpopularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereMathematicsthelangu

15、ageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobeBothriceandwheatgrowninourcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereeitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.IsWhatthechildreninthemountainvillageneedgoodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasThewholefamilyTVattentively.A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseein

16、gNothingbutseveralglassesboughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbeAtthebusstopasoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sitsIflawandorder,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreservedC.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreservedTherel

17、ittlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeenWhatsuchasunsetisstrangetousall.A.goingtobeB./C.isD.thatSeventy-fivepercentoftheearthssurfacewithwater.A.iscoveredB.iscoveringC.werecoveredD.arecoveredThefollowingsomeothermentaldiseases.A.beingB.areC.wasD.wereNotonlyyoubutalsoIabletohelphi

18、mout.A.areB.isC.amD.were“TheKites”usastoryofthekiteshistory.A.havetoldB.tellsC.weretoldD.wastoldYouandItwinsisters.A.wereB.areC.isD.amAteacherofEnglishandclassteacherussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregivenThousandsoftonsofrubbishoveralargeperiodoftime.A.rotsaway

19、B.rotawayC.hasrottedawayD.arerottedawayMayoraswellasvolunteerworkersthenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.werecleaningD.havecleanedManyastudentsomethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknownB.knowsC.isknownD.areknownThedefenceworksbuiltlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.wereB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was“Have

20、youallstudiedthepassageUsingtheMindagainstDisease?”A.NobodyofushasB.NobodyofushaveC.NoneofushasD.NoneofusdidAgroupofItaliansoldiersquicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancingB.wereadvancedC.wasadvancingD.advancingEveryone,menandwomen,oldandyoungsportsandgames.A.isenjoyB.wereenjoyingC.enjoysD.enjoy1.

21、解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加-s教師寄語：Practicemakesperfect.解析：選D.當(dāng)eitheror連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個(gè)主語保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。解析：選A.who為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I,所以謂語動詞要用am.解析：選D.主語theOlympicGames意為：奧運(yùn)會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式;后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。解析:選C.therebe句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語,alotofrubbish（不可數(shù)名詞）,因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。解析：選A.主語為coal,是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。解析：選A.主語StoriesoftheLongMa是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。解析：選C.此處mathematics為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。解析：選B.bothand連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10解析：選C.either是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。11.解析：選B.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞的數(shù)來決定，此處要