現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時區(qū)別

1、關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別第一張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時基本構(gòu)成：助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞基本用法：“ 已完成”：表示一個過去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 “未完成”：表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束。 “經(jīng)驗性”：表示從過去開始到目前為止這段時間中反復發(fā)生或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。第二張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月“ 已完成”用法細分為兩種情況：1）開始于過去的動作剛剛結(jié)束，常與just, now, already, yet, notyet等不確定的時間連用。Jim has jus

2、t turned off the light.（說明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)掉了）2）表示過去動作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在仍存留著，一般不用時間狀語。I have lost my pen.(說明過去某時丟的，現(xiàn)在還沒有找到)She has become a teacher.(說明現(xiàn)在仍是老師)第三張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月“未完成”用法： 常與表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時間的狀語連用。如today, this week (month, year), in the past few days (years), these days, so far, up to now, until (till) now,

3、 since +表過去的時間(a year ago, yesterday, year), since +從句, for +一段時間，recently, 等等。I havent seen him today.I have seen little of her in the past few years.So far he has done very well at school. They have known each other since childhood.(現(xiàn)在還在交往)We have been good friends since we were children.He has li

4、ved here for 10 years.(現(xiàn)在還住在這兒)第四張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月“經(jīng)驗性”用法： 常與頻度副詞如often, always, once, twice, ever, never, before等連用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. He has always said so. He has never been there before. 特殊用法： This is the best tea I have ever drunk. This is the most interesting book I h

5、ave ever read.第五張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 1) 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。 We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。2) 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎? -I have never

6、been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 第六張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3) 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾天他去過那里三次了4) 用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如now, today, this morning (mo

7、nth, year, term)等。 -Have you met him today? 今天你見過他嗎？ -No, I havent. 我沒有。 How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？第七張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5) since在現(xiàn)在完成時中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，后面可跟表示過去的時間狀語，例如since yesterday, since two years ago, since 1987等等，since 引導的從句一般用一般過去式，但主句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I have lived here since two

8、years ago. He has lived in Nanjing since the year before last. We have been friends ever since we met at school. 但是當主語表示有多少時間時，主句謂語可用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Its two years since I left home. How long is it since you came here last time?第八張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時注意事項1）區(qū)別have been to 和have gone to Have been to 表示去（來）

9、過某地（已經(jīng)回來或已經(jīng)離開） Have gone to 表示去了某地（還沒有回來），鑒于含義，多用于第三人稱。 Have been to可以與never, ever, times等表示頻率的詞連用，但have gone to則不能。Have you ever been to Hong Kong?Who has been here?I have been to Beijing twice.She has gone to live abroad.Where has Tim gone?第九張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2)非延續(xù)性動詞不能和表一段時間的狀語連用。如come, go, ar

10、rive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up, 在完成時中如果想保留一段時間的狀語，則需要將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞。如： fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill), buy have begin (start) be on join be in ; be a +名詞 get up be up die be dead go out be out come be in arrivebe here finish( end )be over borrow

11、keep leave, move be away, come backbe back put onwear 或be on catch(a cold) have(a cold) begin to studystudy 第十張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 電影已經(jīng)開始半個小時了。The movie has been on for half an hour. 他參軍三年了。He has been in the army for three years. 他母親去世五年了。His mother has been dead for five years.她已經(jīng)離開這個城市十年了。She ha

12、s been away from this city for about ten years.第十一張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3）但是，當這些非延續(xù)性動詞用于完成時的否定句中時就已經(jīng)演變成可持續(xù)含義的句子，因此可以與表示一段時間的詞連用。I have left here for ten years. I havent left here for ten years. I have received his letter for one month. I havent received his letter for a month. 第十二張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6

13、月現(xiàn)在完成進行時基本構(gòu)成：助動詞have (has) + been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞基本用法：1)表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 I have been reading this book for two hours, but I havent finished it.2)強調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久，或帶感情色彩。 She has always been working like that.3)表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間反復發(fā)生的事情。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.第十三張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作

14、于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時區(qū)別1) 現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，它是現(xiàn)在完成時的強調(diào)形式。所以現(xiàn)在完成時中的個別延續(xù)性動詞根據(jù)強調(diào)需求均可變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在完成進行時但差別不大。 I have coughed all night. I have been coughing all night.(強調(diào)咳得久) We have lived here for ten years. We have been living here for ten years.2) 在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行，而現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作在過去已結(jié)束。如： The students ha

15、ve been preparing for the exam.（還在進行） The students have prepared for the exam.（已經(jīng)結(jié)束）第十四張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3）有些表示狀態(tài)，感情，感覺的靜態(tài)動詞，例如，have, exist, last, hate, know, hear, like, sound, own, think等，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。但是當這些詞一次多義，意義發(fā)生變化時可以用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。Hear：聽到；審理（案子） Have you heard about that? Which judge h

16、as been hearing this case?think：認為；考慮，思考 I have always thought youre right. I have been thinking of doing so for a long time.第十五張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 4) 現(xiàn)在完成時通常與時間狀語，如since，ever since ，for three months，just，already, yet等連用?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時通常與all the（this） morning afternoonday month或the whole day等連用。 He has a

17、lready written three books. 他已經(jīng)寫了三本書了。 I have been working on the experiment report this morning，but I havent completed it yet 我今天一上午都在寫實驗報告，可是到現(xiàn)在也沒寫完。 第十六張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5) 在完成進行時表示一種不間斷的持續(xù)性行為。如果表示動作做過的次數(shù)時，不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。例如： Ive been writing letters since breakfast Ive written to him three times，b

18、ut I havent heard from him up till now第十七張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercise 一 用since，for 填空。1 I havent seen her _two years.2 I havent seen her _last month.3 I havent seen her _two years ago.4 We have been good friends _we were children.5 It is about ten years _she left the city.6 He has lived in Nanjing

19、_the year before last.第十八張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二 單項選擇1-Those farmers have been to United States. -Really? When _there? A have they been B will they go C have they gone D did they go2 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been3-_you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I_ it one hour ago. A Did, do, finished B Have, done, finished C Have, done, have finished D Will, do, finished 第十九張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 4 His father _the Party since 1987. A joined B has joined C was in D has been in 5 She _a novel since