汽車螺旋彈簧離合器的設(shè)計(jì)摘要

1、摘 要以內(nèi)燃機(jī)在作為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)汽車中，離合器是作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的總成而存在的。離合器通常裝在發(fā)與變速器之間，其主動(dòng)部分與發(fā)飛輪相連，從動(dòng)部分與變速器相連。為各類型汽車所廣泛采用的摩擦離合器，實(shí)際上是一種依靠其主、從動(dòng)部分間的摩擦來(lái)傳遞動(dòng)力且能分離的機(jī)構(gòu)。離合器的主要功用是切斷發(fā)與傳動(dòng)系平順的接合，確保汽車平穩(wěn)起步；在換擋時(shí)將發(fā)與傳動(dòng)系分離，減少變速器中換檔齒輪間的沖擊；在工作中受到較大的動(dòng)載荷時(shí)，能限制傳動(dòng)系所承受的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，以防止傳動(dòng)系個(gè)零因過(guò)載而損壞；有效地降低傳動(dòng)系中的振動(dòng)和噪音。本車設(shè)計(jì)采用單片螺旋彈簧離合器。本車采用的摩擦式離合器是因?yàn)槠浣Y(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，可靠性強(qiáng)，維修方便，目前大多數(shù)汽車都

2、采用這種形式的離合器。而采用干式離合器是因?yàn)闈袷诫x合器大多是多盤式離合器，用于需要傳遞較大轉(zhuǎn)矩的離合器，而該車型不在此列。采用螺旋彈簧離合器是因?yàn)槁菪龔椈呻x合器具有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)：首先，由于螺旋彈簧具有非線性特性，因此可設(shè)計(jì)成當(dāng)摩擦片磨損后，彈簧壓力幾乎可以保持不變，且可減輕分離離合器時(shí)的踏板力，使輕便；其次，螺旋彈簧的安裝位置對(duì)離合器軸的中心線是對(duì)的，因此其壓力實(shí)際上不受離心力的影響，性能穩(wěn)定，平衡性也好；再者，螺旋彈簧本身兼起壓緊彈簧和分離杠桿的作用，使離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化，零件數(shù)目減少，質(zhì)量減小并顯著地縮短了其軸向尺寸；另外，由于螺旋彈簧與壓盤是以整個(gè)圓周接觸，使壓力分布均勻，摩擦片的接觸良好

3、，磨損均勻，也易于實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的散熱通風(fēng)等。由于螺旋彈簧離合器具有上述一系列的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并且制造螺旋彈簧的工藝水平也在不斷地提高，因而這種離合器在轎車及微型、輕型客車上已得到廣泛的采用，而且逐漸擴(kuò)展到載貨汽車上。從動(dòng)盤選擇單片式從動(dòng)盤是一位其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，調(diào)整方便。壓盤驅(qū)動(dòng)方式采用傳動(dòng)片式是因?yàn)槠錄](méi)有太明顯的缺點(diǎn)且簡(jiǎn)化了結(jié)構(gòu)，降低了裝配要求又有利于壓盤定中。選擇拉式離合器是因?yàn)槠漭^拉式離合器零件數(shù)目更少，結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)化，軸向尺寸更小，質(zhì)量更??；并且分離杠桿較大，使其踏板力較輕。關(guān)鍵字：螺旋彈簧離合器螺旋彈簧離合器摩擦片減振盤AbstractTo theernal combustion engine as th

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