現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞知識(shí)梳理

1、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞真題再現(xiàn)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way the sun and the stars.A. usedB. having usedC. usingD. useIn recent years an English word infosphere has appeared,the sense of“ informatiand atmosphere.A. combine B. combinedC. combiningD. being combinedThe park was full of people themselves

2、 in the sunshineA. having enjoyed B. enjoyedC. enjoyingD. to enjoyfor two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A. To workB. WorkedC. To be workingD. HavingworkedListening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. performB. performingC. to performD. bein

3、g performedn the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A. Being raised B. RaisingC. RaisedD. Toraise 7.in painting, John didn t notice evening approaching.A. To absorb B. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. AbsorbingLittle Tom satwatching the monkey dancing in front o

4、f him.A. amazeB. amazingC. amazedD. to amazeBack from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be takenVideo games can be a poor influence if in the wrong hands.A. to leaveB. leavingC. leaveD. leftIf for the job,

5、 you ll be informed soon.A .to acceptB. acceptC. acceptingD. acceptedMuch time sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spentB. having spent C. spentD. spendingWhen the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the groun

6、d, whether to stay or leave.A. wonderingB. wonderC. to wonderD. wondered答案與解析：Co句意：像古代的水手一樣，鳥兒們能夠利用太陽和星星發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的行程。birds和use之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故 D正確。Co現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，而過去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。根據(jù)該句意思：最近幾年，一個(gè)叫做infosphere的英語單詞出現(xiàn)了，結(jié)合了 蓿息”和氣氛”這兩個(gè)單詞。這里的結(jié)合與前面新出現(xiàn)的單詞的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，故選CoCo本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，對(duì)于 people來說是主動(dòng)享受“，而且和there be的狀態(tài) 同步進(jìn)行，選現(xiàn)在分詞

7、作定語。Do句意：工作了兩天，Steve成功地按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。句中的邏輯主語為Steve,與 work之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，又因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)工作兩天了，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完 成式having worked ,表示動(dòng)作的先后性。故選 D。hear sb/sth doing 聽至UDo句意：在家里面聽音樂是一回事，去到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽又是另一回事。某人某物做某事。由于音樂是被演奏的，所以需要被動(dòng)，所以選 DoA表被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，C被動(dòng)Co句子主語he和raise （及物動(dòng)詞，撫養(yǎng)）之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 完成。故C正確。Co本題考查的是過去分詞的用法。句意：全神貫注于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意到傍晚來臨 了。短語b

8、e absorbed in全神貫注于，在句中作狀語表狀態(tài)，be省略。故選 C。Co句意：小Tom坐在那兒看猴子在他面前跳舞，感到無比驚訝。過去分詞變成的形容詞在句子作狀語，表示狀態(tài)。過去分詞表示人的感覺，所以選 CoBo考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的用法，his mother和take care of是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞做賓語不足語。Do句意：如果電子游戲落入一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的人手中就能夠產(chǎn)生一個(gè)不良影響。D。句意：如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可知本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本題 非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語為“you；根據(jù)題意得知，與選項(xiàng)“accept構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此選擇“accepted ”Co本題考查過

9、去分詞做定語，spend和time之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。Ao句意：當(dāng)?shù)陠T看到一張漂亮的臉上擠出一副抱歉的笑容時(shí)，她像扎根似的定在了那里，想著是去是留。此句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 stood,所以wonder在此用ing形式作一個(gè)伴隨狀語。故選A。知識(shí)講解現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)過去分詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化，此處只講現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式。一般式：doing完成式：having done完成被動(dòng)式：having been done現(xiàn)在分詞一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或后發(fā)生。Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learnt a lot f

10、rom him.Knowing that they were going abroad next week, they began to make preparations.He came up to me, saying “ Glad to see you again. ”現(xiàn)在分詞完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，常常用作狀語，表示時(shí)間或原因。Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. （having done his homework 發(fā)生在began之前，表示時(shí)間。）Not having done i

11、t right, I tried again. （not having done 發(fā)生在 tried 之前，表示原因。）Having been told to keep silent, they didn t say a word.分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式由not后加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.I left at noon, not staying for lunch.過去分詞表否定時(shí)，常借助un-等前綴表示。The boy was left uncared for.區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞二

12、者形式完全相同，都是由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。但是它們之間有根本的區(qū)別，它們除了都具有動(dòng)詞特征以外，現(xiàn)在分詞還具有形容詞和副詞特征，而動(dòng)名詞則具有名詞特征。現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可充當(dāng)定語、表語、補(bǔ)語（賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語）、狀語；動(dòng)名詞在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、同位語、表語、定語。如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)狀語和補(bǔ)語，那么它一定是現(xiàn)在分詞。Hearing the news, he got very excited. （hearing 作時(shí)間狀語 ）I saw him going upstairs. （going 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 ）如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或同位語，那么它一定是動(dòng)名詞。Stu

13、dying English is our task. （studying 作主語）He likes playing football. 他喜歡踢足球。（playing 作賓語）His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled. （conquering 作同位語，是動(dòng)名 詞。）如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)表語，-ing形式可能是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可能是動(dòng)名詞。區(qū)分方法 是：如果-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，與主語處于同等地位，可以與主語交換位置，那么它 就是動(dòng)名詞；如果-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征，不可以與主語

14、交 換位置，那么它就是現(xiàn)在分詞。His work is repairing bikes.= Repairing bikes is his work. （repairing 為動(dòng)名詞）The novel is interesting.（該句的表語與主語不能交換位置，interesting為現(xiàn)在分詞。）如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)定語，那么它可能是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可能是動(dòng)名詞。區(qū)分辦法是：如果被修飾的名詞與-ing形式之間有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，那么-ing形式就是現(xiàn)在分詞；否則，-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping （sleep 與 car 沒有邏輯主謂關(guān)系

15、 ）a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping （sleep 與 boy 有邏輯主謂關(guān)系 ）分詞和分詞短語作定語分詞作定語時(shí)，如果分詞只是一個(gè)單詞，那么，該分詞通常位于其所修飾的名詞之前；有時(shí)單個(gè)的分詞用作定語也可以用在所修飾的名詞后，這多半是因?yàn)樵撁~或代詞不適合前置定語，或者為了動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性。如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之 后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。分詞作定語時(shí)，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在

16、謂語動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。The experience gained will be of great value and importance for all of us.We didn t reach any agreement on the problem discussed.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries. He likes to drink

17、cold boiled water.We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.The man sitting in the corner is my brother. (= who is sitting in the corner)Most of the people invited to the party did not come. (= who were invited to the par

18、ty.)分詞和分詞短語作表語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。The opera is very moving and instructive.The cups are broken. He is marriedThis story is touching.分詞作表語用時(shí)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，不可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的分詞混淆起來。它們的形式相似，但可以從意義上加以辨別。試比較：Lei Feng s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) )His report is in

19、spiring.(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語)The road was completed by the PLA men.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))The road is completed.(過去分詞作表語).分詞和分詞短語作狀語分詞作狀語表時(shí)間、原因、方式和伴隨狀況：表時(shí)間：相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句Looking out of the window, I saw a woman walking in the street.When I looked out of the window, I saw a woman walking in the street.Heated, the metal expands. (= Wh

20、en it is heated)表原因：相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句Being a teacher, I must work hard.I must work hard because I m a teacher.表伴隨、方式或結(jié)果She stood there, waiting for a bus.The students came in, laughing and talking.He came in, followed by a group of students.He came in following a group of students.He went away, leaving me s

21、peechless.He won the match, making everyone happy.注意：generally/frankly/strictly speaking, considering, judging by/from, supposing, taking everything into account, concerning, compared to/with 等作獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整句話，當(dāng)固 定短語用。Generally speaking, houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.Judging

22、from your accent, you must be from Scotland.Supposing we lose, what should we do?They had a heated discussion concerning certain problems.Compared to you, I m old.Considering his age, he is unfit for the job.如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞短語與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系，分詞短語之前可用when/while等連詞。While working in the factory （= While I was wor

23、king in the factory）, I learnt a lot from the workers.When heated, the metal expands.分詞和分詞短語作賓補(bǔ)當(dāng)賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞（正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài)）；當(dāng)賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過去分詞。We saw him talking to her.（正在進(jìn)行）She kept us waiting here for an hour.（直處于某種狀態(tài) ）感官動(dòng)詞feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面

24、的賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng) 詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系是時(shí)，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。I saw him beaten by Tom. （him 與 beaten是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 ）We heard them singing downstairs. （them 與 singing 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）We saw them walking across the road.I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，除主語和賓語互換位置外，分詞不動(dòng)。They were seen walking across the road.The c

25、hildren were heard singing songs. 比較：I saw him go upstairs.（看見他上樓整個(gè)過程，只說明他上樓這件事。）I saw him going upstairs.（只看見他上樓這個(gè)動(dòng)作的一部分，說明他上樓的情景。）I was working in the room all morning, I heard somebody knock at the next door.（ 聽見敲整個(gè) 過程。）When I went back to the room, I heard her practicing singing in the next room

26、.（只聽見一部分，回房間前她已開始唱了。）在have或get后面的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補(bǔ)足語多是過去分詞，而它所表示的動(dòng)作往往 由別人完成。We must get the television set repaired. （請(qǐng)另U人修）I had my watch mended in town.（叫另1J人修的 ）If we have shortcomings, we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized.（請(qǐng)另 U 人指出）但have的復(fù)合賓語中的過去分詞的動(dòng)作有時(shí)不一定由別人來完成，而是表自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。He had his

27、arm broken.（不是別人給弄折的，而是自己弄折的）分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的用法難點(diǎn)with/without/get+ 賓語 + 分詞with/without+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞：分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或者在當(dāng)時(shí)看來是持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。You should not fall asleep with the light still burning.You cannot move the bookshelf without teachers permitting.with/without+賓語+過去分詞：過去分詞表示它與前面做賓語的名稱或代詞具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。All the weekend he stayed at home with the door closed.Don t