2022全國職稱英語等級考試全真模擬題理工類B級

1、全國職稱英語級別考試全真模擬題 理工類B級（一）第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題1分，共15分） 下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個(gè)句子背面所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)旳位置上。 1. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. A） as a result of B） consideri

2、ng C） on purpose D） whatever2. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A） puzzling B） difficult C）terrifying D） urgent3. The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.A）location B）view C） event D） landscape4. Of t

3、he reptile groups, the snake group was the final one to appear.A） last B）best C） ugliest D）longest5. Colleges and universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requirements satisfactorily.A） responsibly B） acceptably C） patiently D）respectfully6. A will is a docu

4、ment written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized.A） fulfilled B） affiliated C） advocated D） received7. She has been the subject of massive media coverage.A） extensive B） negative C） responsive D） explosive8. The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.A） rejected

5、 B） investigated C） proposed D） postponed9. Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on ones health.A） result B） factor C） cause D） influence10. I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.A） meet B） reach C）provide D） fill11. John is collaborating with Mary i

6、n writing a book.A） cooperating B） merging C） combining D） associating12. Mary lost control of her car and collided with a tree.A） came across B） ran into C） met D） knocked13. Mary was compelled to take in washing to help support her family.A） pleaded B） appealed C） forced D）instructed14. The child

7、couldnt comprehend the advanced textbook.A） interpret B） read C） understand D） translate15. I warned him to keep the matter confidential.A） private B） safe C） personal D） secret第二部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供旳是對旳信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句旳信息在文章中沒

8、有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳)or carbon-14，dating One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened Radiocarbon dating was developedinthelatel940s by phys

9、icist Willard F Libby at the University of Chicago An atom of ordinary carbon called carbon-12 has six protons (質(zhì)子)and six neutrons(中子)in its nucleus(原子核)Carbon-14，or C-14，is a radioactive unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons .It returns to e more stable form of carbon through a proce

10、ss called decay(衰減)This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libbys radiocarbon dating technique，the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counterThe decay rate is used to determine

11、 the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated .Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen(氨)-14or N-14，interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射線)Scientists believe since the Earth was formed，the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant Consequently,C-14 formation

12、is thought to occur at a constant rate Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50000 yearsAll life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子)that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmos

13、phere So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(組織)Once an organism(有機(jī)體)dies it stops taking in carbon in any form，and the C-14 already present begins to decay Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases and the ratio of C-14 to ot

14、her carbon atoms goes down In terms of radiocarbon datingthe fewer C-14 atoms in a sample，the older that sample is.16. Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objectsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17. The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years oldA RightB WrongC

15、Not mentioned18. An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutronsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19.Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbonA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 yearsA RightB WrongC Not ment

16、ioned21. When an organism diesthe C-14 in it begins to decayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22. The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2，3，5，6段每段選擇1個(gè)對旳旳小標(biāo)題；(2)第2730題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)對旳選項(xiàng)，分別完畢每個(gè)句子。請將答

17、案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)旳位置上。 The iPad 1.The iPad is a tablet computer designed, developed and marketed by Apple primarily as a platform for audio-visual media including books, periodicals, movies, music, games, and web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight fall between those of contemporary

18、 smart phones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April , and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2.The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Touch and iPhoneand can run its own applications as well as iPhone applications. Without modification, and with the exception of

19、web applications, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. 3 .Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch displaya departure from most previous tablet computers, which used a pressure-triggered stylus(觸控筆)as well as a virtual onscreen k

20、eyboard in lieu of a physical keyboard. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to HSPA data networks. The device is managed and synced by iTunes on a personal com

21、puter via USB cable. 4. An ipad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of ipad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online optio

22、ns. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services.ipad applications slide Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. 5. While the ipad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. So

23、me companies are adopting ipads in their business offices by distributing or making available ipads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A

24、survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that ipad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.23. Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 4 _ 26. Paragraph 5 _ AOnline stores BDifferences from iPhone CDisplay and data connect

25、ion DBusiness usage EFeatures and applications FOperating system 27. In April the iPad developed by Apple was _ 28. The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not _ 29. iPad applications enable the owners email accounts to be _ 30. iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be

26、_ Amodified Bincreased Cpersonalized Dbrowsed Edistributed Freleased 第四部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題背面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其背面旳問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)旳位置上。第一篇 Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the Un

27、iversity of Chicago1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at

28、math. If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3, said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys ar

29、e better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident. Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for

30、everyone. Researchers use the word anxiety to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry. The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first- and second-grad

31、e teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores. The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Th

32、en the researchers turned to the teachers: To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example

33、, was probably anxious about math. Boys, on average, were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. On average, girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus, on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a bo

34、y, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety. This is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6, said David Geary, a psy

35、chologist at the University of Missouri 7in Columbia. 31. What is the result of the research at the University of A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math. B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math. C Female teachers math skil

36、ls have influence over girl students math skills. D Female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills. 32. What is implied in the third paragraph ?A Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty. B A difficult subject like math may aff

37、ect teachers confidence in teaching the subject. C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math. D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it. 33. According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt A nervous memorizing

38、 the numbers of a sales receipt. B helpless saving the, numbers of a sales receipt. C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt. D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report. 34. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings A prove a strong link between female teachers math anx

39、iety and their female students math achievements. B show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students. C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females. D discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and t

40、heir students math achievements. 35. David Geary thinks that A the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process. B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample. C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful. D the study is well based and

41、 produces significant results. 第二篇 Where Have All the Bees Gone? Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives（蜂巢）and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse（群體癱瘓）disorder. It is reposed that 25 to

42、 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen（花粉）from flow

43、er to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. They hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in

44、 the future. It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture（SDA）Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. We know what a healthy bee should lo

45、ok like on the inside and we can look for physical signs of disease. he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. Their stomachs are worn down compared to the stomachs of healthy bees, Evans says. It may be that a parasite（寄生蟲）making the bees digestive organs. Their immune（免疫旳）

46、systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agri

47、culture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide（殺蟲劑）affects the honeybees newels system and memory. It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do, he says. If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees

48、 genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse

49、, but its a promising theory, says Evans. 36. What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain? A. Honeybees are flying all across the country. B. Half of the honeybees in the US have died. C. Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return. D. Honeybee hives are in disorder. 37. Resear

50、chers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder because A. honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat B. parasites on bees may spread everywhere. C. honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere. D. honeybees feed on flowers. 38. Which of the following is a poss

51、ible cause of the colony-collapse disorder? A. Population explosion. B. Decreasing number of flowers around. C. Genetically modified products. D. Diseases and chemicals. 39. Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? A. Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybees

52、behavior. B. A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybees newels system. C. Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects. D. Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees. 40. The word diversity in the last paragraph means A. variety. B. makeup. C. disorder. D. distinction. 第三篇 Longer Lives for Wild

53、ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where straggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators dont exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age1.But that may not be true for2 the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have kno

54、wn that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases. joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile, or unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of fema

55、le elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on

56、800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps3, over approximately the same time period.The team found that fem

57、ale African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived

58、41.7 years.Scientists dont yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity may be to blame4. Zoo elephants dont get the same kind of exercise they

59、 would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild. where they live in large herds and family groups.Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in t

60、he wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully