老人身體健康注意事項(xiàng)

1、關(guān)于老人身體健康的注意事項(xiàng)第一張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月中國內(nèi)地十大老年慢性病Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly (Mainland)病名(Diseases)Incidence腦卒中Stroke200/100,000/yr高血壓Hypertension40%45%60gr冠心病Coronary Heart Disease, CHD4%7%40gr糖尿病Diabetes6.51%7.98%慢性阻塞性肺病COPD3%骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎Osteoarthritis. OAO.A. Knee 49%骨質(zhì)疏松癥Osteoporosis11%帕金森病

2、Parkinsonism1.6%(Female), 1.7%(male)65yr老年性癡呆Dementia4.8%AD抑郁Depression2%30%第二張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10種與心理-行為因素有密切關(guān)系的慢性病Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral status (PBS) as etiological or exacerbating factor病名(diseases)心理-行為因素影響Impact Factors by PBS 相關(guān)的心理-行為狀態(tài)(Related PBS )腦卒中stroke+情緒激動(dòng)、精神壓

3、力extreme emotional response, stress冠心病CHD+Type A Behavior (A型行為)恐懼(Fear) depression, Anxiety 抑郁、焦慮胃、十二指腸潰湯病Peptic Ulcer+Stress應(yīng)激Tension緊張第三張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月病名(diseases)心理-行為因素影響Impact Factors by PBS 相關(guān)的心理-行為狀態(tài)(Related PBS )緊張性頭痛、頸痛、腰痛+Tension 緊張Stress應(yīng)激原發(fā)性纖維肌痛綜合征(FMS)+Stress應(yīng)激糖尿病Diabetes+Anxiety焦

4、慮depression激惹性結(jié)腸綜合征（ICS）+焦慮，應(yīng)激慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS）+抑郁depression癌癥Cancer精神創(chuàng)傷、強(qiáng)迫行為第四張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月心理健康和身體健康Mental Health and Physical HealthA sound mind in a sound body(健全的精神寓于健全的身體)More people are sick because they are unhappy than unhappy because they are sick. (比起那些因患病而心情不舒暢的人來說,有更多人是因心情不舒暢而患病 )第五張，P

5、PT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月心理因素的病理生理效應(yīng)Pathophysiological effects of psychological status On arteriosclerosis (對動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生和發(fā)展的影響) Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the platelets 短暫的應(yīng)激事件與內(nèi)皮功能不良及血小板粘附有關(guān)Phobia might be associated with the developme

6、nt of acute myocardial infarct. 恐怖癥與急性心肌梗死發(fā)生和發(fā)展有關(guān)Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling of the patients with chronic diseases 抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不適的感覺第六張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月心理因素與免疫功能Immunity Function and Psychological status 情緒抑郁會抑制免疫系統(tǒng)功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒Depression inhibits immunologi

7、cal system. A person with depression might be susceptible to some infections, e.g. common cold. (Berkow et al. 1999) 情緒的改善（尤其歡樂、滿足感）能加強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，促進(jìn)癌癥等的康復(fù)。A better mood improves the function of immunological system, e.g. in anticancer (Levy et al. 1998)第七張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月生活不過于緊張，情緒不過于激動(dòng)，有助于加強(qiáng)免疫機(jī)制，（應(yīng)

8、激能降低免疫系統(tǒng)功能）A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is helpful for enhancing immunological mechanism心理和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞之間，通過生量信息相互影響，通過“心理神經(jīng)免疫學(xué)”的研究，將能更多揭示心理狀態(tài)通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的中介而影響免疫系統(tǒng)功能。 A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology. PNI. will reveal the interaction and effects between psychol

9、ogical status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal mechanism.第八張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月慢性病者常有的負(fù)性心理和情緒Negative psychological profiles commonly seen in patients with chronic diseases抑郁Depression心理性依賴Psychological dependence焦慮Anxiety心理性緊張Tension恐懼Phobia應(yīng)激（心理-社會）Stress悲觀Pessimism孤癖、離群心理Psycholo

10、gical withdrawal第九張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月以心理健康促進(jìn)身體健康幫助和鼓勵(lì)慢性病者不僅注意增進(jìn)身體上的健康，也要注意增進(jìn)心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促進(jìn)身體上的健康。People with Chronic Diseases should make their best to improve mental health as well as physical health. Everybody should try to facilitate physical health with mental health.第十張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年

11、6月改善心理狀態(tài)促進(jìn)心理健康的六大措施Ten steps towards mental health1. 松弛療法 Relaxation therapy2. 應(yīng)激控制 Management of stress3. 心理輔導(dǎo) Psychology counseling4. 行為及性格改變 Modification of personality5. 社會支持 Social support 6. 藥物治療 Medication第十一張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月松弛療法Relaxation Therapy1.運(yùn)動(dòng)松弛法 exercise (Tai Chi, walking, swimmin

12、g)2.按摩松弛法 massage (self-massage, sedative, therapeutic massage)3.氣功松弛法 Chi Kung, Transcendental meditation4.音樂松弛法 Music Therapy (sedative, anxiolytic, relaxing)5.溫浴松弛法 Hydrotherapy (warm spa)第十二張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. 文娛松弛法 recreation (dancing, hiking, relaxing sports)7.書畫松弛法 calligraphy and painting

13、8.作業(yè)松弛法 occupational therapy (arts and crafts)9.度假松弛法 Resort vacation10.飲食松弛法 Herbal food therapy (sedative)第十三張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月應(yīng)激控制Stress Control1. “Escape”from the stressor 離開應(yīng)激原(人、地、事) (stressful event, daily hassel, unpleasant environment)2. Speak it out, 說出煩惱、不滿、焦慮(to make adequate emotional

14、 expression)3. Relaxation technique, e.g. Relaxed Kung Fu (RKF) (Chi Kung)練習(xí)松靜功及其他，松弛療法RKF=Relaxed positioning + relaxed breathing + relaxed mind (靜身+靜息+靜心)4. Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the problem尋求援助減壓（向親友、同事、有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)）第十四張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月心理輔導(dǎo)Psychological Counseling1. Explaining the d

15、isease/injury, implication, prognosis.2. Answering the questions raised by the clients.3. Giving advice on modifying lifestyle.4. Giving advice on behavioral adjustment.第十五張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月性格及行為改變Modification of Personality and Behavior以弛代張 Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up 以靜代躁 Do be calm instead of being nervous以緩代急 Do be at ease instead of being in a hurry以穩(wěn)代亂 Do be steady instead of being disorderly以適代全 Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing completeness第十六張，PPT共十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月社會支持Social Support來自家庭、朋友、同事和社會的心理支