英語必修Ⅲ外研版Module1Grammar課件

1、英語必修外研版課件The passive voice被動語態(tài)Book 3 Module 1 Grammar 1被動語態(tài) (Passive Voice)1. 概念：語態(tài)表示句子的主語和謂語動作之間的關(guān)系1）主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的 執(zhí)行者。2）被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者。He speaks English.（主動）English is spoken in many countries by many people.（被動）2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過去分詞被動語態(tài)時態(tài)變化反映在be動詞形式上.一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時 或過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時am / is /

2、are + donewas / were + doneshall / will be + doneam / is / are going to be + donewould / should be + doneam / is / are being + donewas / were being + donehave / has been + donehad been + done3. 用法：在日常生活中，能用主動語態(tài)就盡量不用被動語態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動語態(tài)：1）不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者。The front window in the classroom was broken yester

3、day. 2)說話人對賓語更感興趣（用by引導動作的執(zhí)行者）。My TV set is being repaired in the shop. The song was composed by a young worker. 這首歌是一位年青工人譜寫的。3) 不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者,常用一些句式。“It is said that”（據(jù)說），“It is reported that ”（據(jù)報道），“It is well known that ”（眾所周知）It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據(jù)說她要嫁給一個外國人。

4、It is generally considered impolite to ask ones age, salary, marriage, etc. 問別人的年齡、工資、婚姻狀況等通常被認為是不禮貌的。4) 出于修辭，或為了更好地安排句子。The professor came to our school and was warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.（后半句用被動式就可以只安排一個主語。）4. 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)句式為“情態(tài)動詞 + be + 過去分詞”?；颉皁ught to和have to + be + 過去分詞”：The de

5、bt must be paid off before next month. The debt has to be paid off before next month. Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. You ought to be criticized for your carelessness. 5.主動句變被動句1) 主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，如果是賓格，變成主格；主動句中的謂語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹^語；主動句的主語變?yōu)閎y 短語（沒必要時可?。ell invented the telephone in 1876.The tel

6、ephone was invented by Bell in 1876.練習一1. My mother made the soup.2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer.3. You must clean your room once a week.4. The boy broke the window.5. The workers are building a new bridge. The soup was made by my mother. My computer will be repaired by Uncle Wang.Your room m

7、ust be cleaned once a week(by you).The window was broken by the boy.A new bridge is being built(by the workers).6. I can not find my dictionary.7. Do students learn English in the middle school? My dictionary can not be found by me.Is English learned in the middle school by students?2) 關(guān)于帶有兩個賓語的主動態(tài)變

8、成被動態(tài):She sent me a novel on my birthday.I allowed him an hour to finish the work.這種主動句變被動態(tài)，可選兩個賓語中的任何一個作為被動態(tài)句的主語，而將另一個賓語作為“保留賓語”寫入被動態(tài)的句中。如果直接賓語作“主語”，有時要在被動態(tài)句子的“保留賓語”前加上合適的介詞。因為這些動詞常有兩種句式，即：give sb sth=give sth to sb, send sb sth= send sth to sb , buy sb sth = buy sth for sb對比：She sent me a novel on

9、my birthday. =I was sent a novel on my birthday by her. =A novel was sent to me on my birthday by her. My brother bought me a watch yesterday. =I was bought a watch yesterday by my brother. =A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.3)關(guān)于帶復合賓語的主動句變被動句。這類句子只能將原句的賓語作為被動句的主語，這時，原句里的賓語補足語就變成被動態(tài)句子

10、的主語補足語了。例如：The story made us laugh.They asked me to help them. We saw them coming over. We call her Rose.We were made to laugh by the story. I was asked to help them.They were seen coming over. She is called Rose.6. 注意: 有些動詞形式上主動卻表示被動。1). 可和well等連用的及物動詞如sell。My pen writes well. 我的筆好使。The cloth washe

11、s well. 這個料子耐洗。The poem reads smoothly.這首詩讀起來很流暢。The door will not open. 這扇門打不開。The sign reads as follows. 這牌子告示如下.2). be + 形容詞+ to do sth.The story is interesting to read.The wine is nice to drink.3). 某些系動詞如feel，sound，taste, smell; look, prove,沒進行時，也沒被動語態(tài)。 The flowers smell sweet. 這花兒很香 。 The food

12、tastes nice. 這食物味道好 。4). 下列詞不用被動形式：last (持續(xù)), have (有)，wish, let, take part in, break out (爆發(fā)), happen, take place.I have two brothers.I didnt let him go home.5). need, be worth等后用動名詞表被動。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing.1. If the work _, you can go and play games. A. finished B.

13、has finished C. will be finished D. is finished2. It was raining heavily outside and the children were made _ in the classroom. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed3. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw4

14、. I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden5. I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too. You mean if Tom comes, youll come. A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited6. The children must _. A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be tak

15、en good care of 7. The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown while he was away. A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened8. I saw you were on foot this morning. Yes. My bike _. A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mendingSubject and verb greement主謂一致冠縣第一中學 范

16、文東Book 3 Module 1 Grammar 2主謂一致主謂一致的基本原則1. 語法一致的原則 根據(jù)主語的語法性質(zhì)決定其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式。2. 意義一致的原則 根據(jù)主語的內(nèi)涵決定其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式。 1) 單數(shù)主語采用復數(shù)謂語動詞：The team are playing wonderfully. (team作為集體名詞)2) 復數(shù)主語采用單數(shù)謂語動詞：The works was built in 1970. (works作factory解時為單、復數(shù)同形)3) 同一詞做主語，分別采用單數(shù)或復數(shù)謂語動詞：All possible means have been adopted

17、.Every means has been tried. 3. 就近原則 謂語動詞根據(jù)其前面最臨近的名/代詞的數(shù)的形式，而非真正主語的數(shù)來決定其自身的單、復數(shù)：No one except his own supporters agree with him.考點歸納一、主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語用單數(shù)形式1表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞，常看作整體，謂語用單數(shù)。1). Eight hours of sleep is enough.2). Where is that ten pounds?2以s結(jié)尾的國名、地名、書報名、團體、學科等名詞作主語，形式上是復數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)。Mathematics

18、 is the language of science.3表示兩個相同部分連成一體的復數(shù)名詞，如trousers，shoes，gloves，shorts，glasses等作主語時，前面若無a kind of/a pair of/a series of等單位詞修飾時，謂語用復數(shù)，若帶有單位詞，謂語由單位詞的單復數(shù)決定。This pair of shoes is mine. Those shoes are johns.二、主語形式是單數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)形式1有些集體名詞作主語時，應(yīng)以復數(shù)看待。這類名詞有people，cattle，police, police等。Cattle sell well in

19、the country market at present.2有些以sh，ese，ch結(jié)尾的表示國家、民族的形容詞與the連用時，表示復數(shù)含義，謂語用復數(shù)。表示單數(shù)含義，謂語用單數(shù)。The Chinese are praised for loving peace. The Chinese people is a brave and hard-working people.3“the形容詞/分詞”指一類人，謂語用復數(shù)。When the injured were rushed to the hospital，they came to life.三、主語是單數(shù)，謂語視情況而定。1主語是family，

20、team，group，crowd，class，committee，population，crew，enemy，government等集合名詞，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果指一個個成員或個體時，謂語就該用復數(shù)。The crew was made up of accomplished (熟練的) sailors and thus were highly paid to do the work on the ship.2主語是“a series of，a kind of等名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語用單數(shù)。“kinds of等名詞”作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。注意：在“this kind of名詞”之

21、后，無論這里的名詞是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，謂語都用單數(shù)。So far a series of problems has been brought about (引起) by this decision.Many kinds of furniture are being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.Machines of the new type are made in Shanghai.3不定代詞all，some，any以及the rest等作主語，謂語的單復數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文或具體場合確定?！癆ll are present and all is going o

22、n well”, our monitor said.The rest of the eggs have gone bad. The rest of the money was stolen4定語從句的謂語單復數(shù)取決于先行詞。注: “one of名詞復數(shù)”后面定語從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)，但如果“one of名詞復數(shù)”之前有the only，the very，the last修飾時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Jack，as well as his friends who _ football games，_ traveled with the team.Alikes; has Blikes; have

23、Clike; has Dlike; haveShe is the only one of the girls who plays bridge well . 她是那些姑娘中唯一很會打橋牌的人。 四、并列主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)視情況而定。1and或bothand連接兩主語時，謂語常用復數(shù)。如果and連接的兩個名詞指同一個人或表示同一概念時，謂語用單數(shù)。A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. Ais Bare Cwas DWere2. 當a

24、nd連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有each，every，more than one，many a，no修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.如果前面有each或every時，即使主語含有幾個名詞，謂語動詞亦用單數(shù)形式。Every man, woman, and child needs love and understanding.Each book and magazine is listed on the card catalog.但如果each

25、 用在復數(shù)名詞或代詞之后作主語的同位語時謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。They each play several instruments.2由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞單復數(shù)與最鄰近的主語一致：Either you or he is to blame.Not only I but also other workers are willing to have a rest after a weeks work.Neither Liu Xiang nor his parents and coach have ex

26、pected that he can become such a world famous athlete.Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.五、主謂一致的其他情況1“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)of名詞”或“some / a lot of / lots of / a (large) quantity of / the rest of / plenty of/masses of”構(gòu)成的短語，其名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。這些短語作主語時，謂語動詞要與短語

27、中of后面的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。Masses of cards were sent on his birthday.Masses of food was left over.但amounts of , quantities of 后面通常跟復數(shù)動詞，即使of 后是不可數(shù)名詞。 Very large quantities of aid were needed.由單位詞+of 構(gòu)成的詞組等引起主語時，單位詞是單數(shù)則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如a load of, a mass of ,a pile of , a portion of , a series of , a set of, 等；單位詞是復數(shù)則謂語動

28、詞用復數(shù)。A pile of dirty clothes lies by the washing machine.Three sets of sales letters have been prepared. 已經(jīng)準備好了三套銷售函件。 The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. Ais Bare Cwas DwereLarge amounts of water _ been pumped from the m

29、ine so far. Ahad Bwould have Chas Dhave2“a number of名詞復數(shù)”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)；“the number of名詞復數(shù)”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。The number of people hurt in the traffic accident has increased to 95.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake were sent to live with families in other cities.3主語后跟with，together

30、 with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including, no less than，as much as等短語，謂語應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致。Dr. Johnson, together with his assistants, is coming to visit our school.John as well as the other children who have no parents is being taken good care of in the center.All the workers exc

31、ept Jack are allowed to work at home.4動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.Most of what has been said about the Smiths is also true of the Johnsons.5確定倒裝句謂語的單復數(shù)要找準主語：On the wall hang two large portraits._at the front _ some VIPs from the comp

32、any. ASeating; was BSeated; were CSitting; was DSat; were6. There be 句型中的主謂一致動詞be 形式取決于其后事實上的主語。如果事實上的主語是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，只要第一項是單數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞，be就根據(jù)就近原則用單數(shù)。There were two chairs and a sofa.There was a sofa and two chairs.除了be 以外，某些動詞也可置于there 之后，如appear, happen, seem, arise, come, enter, exist, follow, live, remai

33、n等，用法和be相同。There _ a pen，two pencils and three books on the desk. Aare Bis Chas Dhave7each of，neither of，either of，one of，any (one) of，every one of等作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, hopes to go to university.None/neither of them is/are impressed.8. 一些固定用法1). “more

34、than one+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)” 謂語用單數(shù).More than one person is involved in this.2). “many a + 可數(shù)單數(shù) ”，謂語用單數(shù)Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs.3). “a(n) +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+or two”表示一兩個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)A servant or two was to accompany her.One or two reasons were suggested. One reason or two was suggested. 1.The number of

35、people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 2.The number of students in this school _ by 5% every year. A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises3.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offere

36、d B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered4.E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are played D. play5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. Know B. knows C. have known D. is known6.All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has b

37、een D. were7.Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is to hand out B. is handing out C. are to hand out D. are handing out 8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. were9.She is one of the

38、 few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying D. are paid well10._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are11.When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not dec

39、ided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided12.There _ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be13 . -Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university. -So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped1

40、4. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs15. All the _ are made of _, not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glass; glasses D. glasses;glasses 16. It was he and I who _ at your house yesterday. A. was B. am C. were D. is1. Her advice _ useful to me. ( be )2. Laying eggs _ the queen ants full-time job. ( b