雪崩管選擇和使用注意事項(xiàng)

1、雪崩整流二極管的選擇與使用一、雪崩整流二極管額定正向平均電流I的選擇-、I )是交流發(fā)電機(jī)額定輸出電流10的0.4一般來(lái)講雪崩整流二極管額定正向平均電流Irav、F(AV)至0.5倍，即：%=(0.4 爵叫(1)這樣選擇的先決條件是雪崩整流二極管的外殼溫度TC低于170C。圖1、交流發(fā)電機(jī)應(yīng)用電原理圖圖2、交流發(fā)電機(jī)三相整流電壓、電流波形圖二、雪崩擊穿電壓V的選擇交流發(fā)電機(jī)所用雪加二極管的雪崩擊穿電壓選擇要根據(jù)其作用耒選擇，它的主要目的 是當(dāng)產(chǎn)生故障時(shí)，在拋負(fù)載時(shí)雪崩管要能吸收故障電壓，保護(hù)調(diào)節(jié)器不受損傷、在調(diào)節(jié)器 失控時(shí)雪崩管要擊穿使交流發(fā)電機(jī)不發(fā)電，起到保險(xiǎn)絲作用，保護(hù)車內(nèi)ECU不受損傷，

2、 把惡性事故化成一般故障。汽車上ECU本身它在輸入端接了一個(gè)MR2535L雪崩二極管，它選用的擊穿電壓是 2732V（對(duì)14V系統(tǒng)講），所以它要求發(fā)電機(jī)所用的雪崩二極管的雪崩擊穿電壓小于27V， 原配套的發(fā)電機(jī)所選用的雪崩擊穿電壓為2024V，這一點(diǎn)希望大家注意。三、反向重復(fù)峰值浪涌電流IRSM的選擇從圖1、圖2中我們可以看到在任一時(shí)刻三相整流橋中只有一對(duì)橋臂中有電流，即只 有兩根相線中有電流通過(guò)，通過(guò)的電流波形是帶饅頭形的近似矩形波電流。為了估算方便 我們把它看成一個(gè)矩形波電流，峰值電流為發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電流I0。如果我們假設(shè)每相線圈的 電感為L(zhǎng)、直流電阻為零，此時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)繞組具有能量為2I0L2，

3、繞組具有的能量與拋負(fù)載后 產(chǎn)生的峰值電壓與拋負(fù)載時(shí)的電流成正比、與發(fā)電機(jī)繞組電感的平方成正比。L值的大小 決定拋負(fù)載后雪崩擊穿的持續(xù)時(shí)間。表示正向?qū)ū硎痉聪蜓┍罁舸XXX圖3、拋負(fù)載后能量泄放示意圖我們?yōu)榱斯浪惴奖?，假設(shè)拋負(fù)載前后發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出功率不變，拋負(fù)載前發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電 壓為V、電流為I，則輸出功率為V XI。 、，/、。R00R0 0從圖3我們可以看到：拋負(fù)載后D1與D4處于正向?qū)顟B(tài)，D2與D3處于反向雪 崩擊穿狀態(tài)。如果我們假設(shè)D1、D2、D3與D4具有相同的正向峰值壓降VF、反向雪崩擊穿電壓VB，則流過(guò)D2、D3的反向雪崩擊穿電流相同為SM。我們就可以得到下面一組等式：Vr=V

4、f+VbVRX（i1+i2）=VR0XI02XIrsmXVr=Vr0XI0Irsm=（Vr0XI0）/（2XVr）Irsm=（I0/2）X（Vr0/Vr）我們把不同的VR0與VR數(shù)據(jù)代入（2）式可以得到下面的一個(gè)關(guān)系式：IRSM=（0.25 0.32）10（3）對(duì)於規(guī)范設(shè)汁的交流發(fā)電機(jī)在拋負(fù)載時(shí)雪崩整流二極管反向雪崩擊穿的持續(xù)時(shí)間約在75ms左右，因此雪崩整流二極管反向重復(fù)峰值浪涌電流IRSM選擇為發(fā)電機(jī)額定電流（拋負(fù)載前電流）的0.4倍是合適的。四、雪崩整流橋?qū)ρ┍勒鞫O管雪崩電壓離散性的要求從圖3中我們可以看到當(dāng)發(fā)生拋負(fù)載時(shí)有如下的關(guān)系式：Vfd1+VbD3=Vfd2+Vbd4（4）在組

5、裝整流擠時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱私档投O管的正向發(fā)熱功率和三相繞組的不平衡性把整流 二極管的正向壓降和它的離散性控制在很小的范圍內(nèi)，例如離散性控制0.05V以內(nèi)。因此 在這里為了便於把問題講清楚，我們把vfD1與vFD2看成是相等的。即Vfdi=Vfd2（5）對(duì)於某一個(gè)雪崩整流二極管它有一個(gè)V（br）值，它的測(cè)試條件是TOOmA。當(dāng)它通過(guò) 不同數(shù)值的反向雪崩浪涌電流IR1IR2IR3100mA時(shí)就得到一組VR值：VR1VR2VR3V（BR）下面我們來(lái)看幾組實(shí)際測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)：E35A21VRS /R(KEC)樣品測(cè)試報(bào)告規(guī)格編號(hào)VFMIfm=100A(V)V(BR)IFM=100mA(V)IrrmiVrrm=1

6、6V(M A)Vf tw=100ms Im=100A (mV)IRSMtw=80ms(矩形波)(V)備注30A35A40A正 向 R S10.98220.60W 1.03225.426.026.420.99620.87W 1.03425.826.427.030.98420.08W 1.03225.025.426.240.99720.30W 1.03224.825.425.850.99421.67W 1.03326.627.477ms 壞反向R R10.99321.08W 1.03025.826.426.820.97921.13W 1.03025.826.226.830.99621.25W 1.

7、02925.826.427.040.99520.68W 1.02925.425.826.450.98020.78W 1.03025.626.226.6E50A21VRS /R(KEC)樣品測(cè)試報(bào)告規(guī)格編號(hào)VFMTr=100Afm(V)V(BR)IFM=100mA(V)IrrmiVrrm=16V (M A)VfIMi=100mAIm2=100A (mV)IRSM tw=80ms(V)備注40A50A正 向 R S10.96719.99W 1.03520.96520.24W 1.03425.826.630.96219.71W 1.03325.078ms 壞40.98619.80W 1.04175m

8、s 壞50.95819.40W 1.03324.649ms 壞60.96019.82W 1.03525.455ms 壞反 向 R R10.96723.30W 1.02829.844ms 壞20.94820.97W 1.03126.627.630.96122.10W 1.03028.577ms 壞40.95821.06W 1.02926.427.450.95923.12W 1.03129.645ms 壞MOTOROLA XRA0311/0312 (40A )測(cè)試報(bào)告極性&編號(hào)VB)100 mA(V)正向、瞬態(tài)熱阻測(cè)試100mA100A100mA反向可重復(fù)浪y甬電流IRH測(cè)試測(cè) 試 后 態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間

9、（方波）80 ms持續(xù)時(shí)間（方波）10 msVf1(mV)Vf2(mV)avf (mV)VFm(V)40AVbr(V)50AVbrM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)90AVbr(V)110AVbrM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正向XRA 0 311P-0126.0699682171.01231.432.432.233.6OKP-0225.0698680181.00430.431.631.432.6OKP-0324.4700682181.00230.031.231.232.4OKP-0424.8700682181.00630.231.231.432.4OKP-0524.2700682181.02329.630.830.831.8OKP-0624.

10、8701683181.02130.431.431.432.6OKP-0724.4699681181.00829.830.830.631.8OKP-0824.4700683171.00630.231.231.032.2OKP-0924.2700682181.02829.830.830.831.8OKP-1025.4700683171.02330.831.831.833.0OKP-1124.8700682181.02830.631.631.632.6OKP-1225.2701683181.01631.032.032.033.2OKP-1324.6701684171.00930.031.031.03

11、2.0OKP-1424.6700683171.00430.031.231.032.2OKP-1524.2699682171.00330.431.629.831.0OKP-1625.0702684181.01429.030.031.632.8OKP-1724.8700683171.00231.032.031.432.6OKP-1825.6701684171.01230.831.831.833.0OKP-1924.8700683171.01130.431.431.632.6OKP-2024.4700683171.01030.031.031.032.0OK反向XRA 0 312N-0124.2706

12、688181.01529.430.430.631.6OKN-0225.0702685171.02130.231.231.432.6OKN-0324.4703685181.02130.031.031.232.4OKN-0424.8701683181.01730.231.231.232.4OKN-0525.4701682191.00430.831.831.833.0OKN-0625.0700683171.00230.431.631.632.8OKN-0725.0700683171.02130.231.431.432.6OKN-0825.4701683180.99931.032.032.033.2O

13、KN-0924.6698680181.00829.830.830.831.8OKN-1024.8701684171.02030.431.431.832.8OKN-1124.8701684171.00130.031.231.232.2OKN-1225.4700683171.00231.232.232.233.4OKN-1325.4701683181.01830.831.831.833.0OKN-1425.4701683181.02030.831.831.833.0OKN-1524.8701682190.99230.231.431.232.2OKN-1625.0700683170.99530.43

14、1.431.432.6OKN-1725.4700684161.00031.032.032.233.4OKN-1824.4701684171.02029.830.830.832.0OKN-1925.2701684171.01030.631.631.832.8OKN-2024.8701683181.01930.031.231.232.4OK測(cè)試報(bào)告2-1Apr-04-2006制造單位：昆山市晨伊半導(dǎo)體廠試品名稱：雪崩管 型號(hào)：DB50-19數(shù)量：60只極性：正、負(fù)各 環(huán)境溫度=28.1 r 主要設(shè)測(cè)試備：YH-3201A 編號(hào)：13218AA YH-5001A 編號(hào)：13218F3 Time:15

15、to18極性 與 編號(hào)100A100msDC18VI rrm1 (nA)100mA 3003 VBR (V)80A 80gs VBR (V)Peak Repetitive Surge Current10 ms(Time Constant ) 80 msVMFmVVFmV110AV BR40AVBR.V45AV BR50AV BR55AV br60AV br65AV brA 01961243321.323.227.025.626.026.526.827.477msA 02965245421.323.226.825.525.926.426.827.227.6A 03964235621.623.52

16、7.225.926.326.827.227.628.0A 04968255821.523.427.326.026.426.927.327.676msA 05959244321.523.426.925.726.126.627.027.427.8A 06958243621.723.727.626.226.727.227.527.973msA 07964244621.623.827.826.326.827.327.728.167msA 08970245521.823.827.626.326.727.327.628.176msA 09960255121.223.026.925.526.026.526.

17、827.270msA 10966255021.924.027.926.526.927.527.828.2V 78msA 11964254721.823.527.126.026.426.927.327.728.0A 1296824615*21.623.627.426.026.427.027.327.7V 77msA023.827.726.326.827.327.828.178msA523.427.325.926.326.827.227.627.9A023.828.126.627.027.527.928.278msA 1

18、6963245921.823.427.626.226.727.227.527.928.3A523.727.426.226.627.127.527.8 V 78msA924.027.926.527.027.527.928.373 msA 19964244621.924.128.026.627.127.628.028.467 msA 20961233721.623.627.326.026.426.927.327.774 msA 21961232921.423.427.225.826.326.827.126.3V 38msA 22960243721

19、.823.727.626.226.727.227.628.073msA 23956253021.623.727.626.326.827.327.628.067msA 24960243121.723.427.426.026.527.027.327.776msA 25962243421.923.827.626.426.827.327.728.174msA 26962253822.024.028.126.727.227.728.028.577msA 27962255221.723.527.326.026.426.927.327.728.1A 28963235821.423.427.125.726.2

20、26.727.027.474msA 29958253421.623.327.225.826.326.827.127.572msA 30961255121.423.427.225.826.326.827.127.576ms測(cè)試報(bào)告2-2Apr-04-2006制造單位：昆山市晨伊半導(dǎo)體廠 試品名稱：雪崩管 型號(hào)：DB50-19數(shù)量：60只 極性：正、負(fù)各環(huán)境溫度=28.1 r 主要測(cè)試設(shè)備：YH-3201A 編號(hào)：13218AA YH-5001A 編號(hào)：13218F3 Time:15to18極性 與 編號(hào)100A100msDC18VI rrm1 (nA)100mA 300ps VBR (V)80A

21、 80gs VBR (V)Peak Repetitive Surge Current10 ms(Time Constant )80 msVf mVVfmV110AV BR40AVBRV45AV BR50AV BR55AV BR60AV BR65AV BRK 01970244021.823.627.726.126.627.027.427.828.1K 02972244421.423.226.825.425.926.326.727.127.4K 03963244221.623.627.626.026.526.927.327.778msK 04964234121.723.827.526.126.62

22、7.027.427.828.8K 05958242921.823.828.026.326.927.327.728.076msK 06959243921.623.527.425.926.426.827.227.628.0K 07964255821.723.427.425.926.426.827.127.527.9K 08967245321.423.327.025.626.126.526.927.327.6K 09954253221.423.527.526.026.526.927.327.768msK 10965256321.223.326.925.626.026.426.827.268msK 1

23、1966244021.923.827.726.326.827.227.628.028.3K 12962263921.823.828.226.527.027.427.828.267msK623.427.125.726.326.627.027.427.8K623.627.526.126.627.027.327.877msK523.627.425.926.526.927.327.678msK 16963233421.723.527.225.826.326.727.127.427.8K723.627.325.926.526.927.227.628.0K423.127.125.626.126.526.827.227.5K 19962244921.823.627.626.026.627.027.327.728.1K 20961235821.523.427.325.826.326.727.027.427.8K 21966235221.823.927.726.326.827.227.628.028.3K 22974243721.823.727.626.126.727.027.427.828.2K 23960242521.723.627.826.