2022年專八聽力講座3大題型設(shè)置特點(diǎn)

1、星期 2 Tuesday 3 大試題設(shè)制特點(diǎn)今日講堂Mini-Lecture 部分的答題卷聽完錄音后才供應(yīng),一般作為Answer Sheet Two 發(fā)放；答題紙上的考題設(shè)置在歸納過的聽力原文之中,考題文章長(zhǎng)度在200 詞左右； 該題型的目的是考查考生對(duì)講座內(nèi)容的懂得；一、提綱式命題講座的試題部分大多采納提綱的形式,把原文中的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納和排列,把干擾信息排除在外；提綱的特點(diǎn)是： 首段進(jìn)行概括； 中間可以直接看到文章從幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行說明,而且層次分明； 用語特別簡(jiǎn)潔精練,基本上多用短語而不是句子；提綱中的文字與原文的文字不完全重合,多數(shù)進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括或同義轉(zhuǎn)換；【例 1】（07-6 ）【試題】of

2、 religious 【聽力原文】 . Art as a reflection But the goal of traditional art in Africa and beliefs PacificIslands is the influence of spiritual powers, that A. Europe: is gods to enter people s lives. Each tribe or village B. Middle East: C. Africa and the PacificIslands: Masks, there had special ceremon

3、ies with songs and dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy headdresses and costumes in special and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes Purpose: to seek the help of 6_to protect crops, animals and peoplethat they

4、believe are necessary to influence gods.【分析】 從提綱可以看出在提及歐洲以及中東的藝術(shù)之后,又提到非洲和太平洋群島地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的目的；原文中講到讓眾神進(jìn)入人們的生活the goal of traditional art is gods to enter people s lives,隨后對(duì)該點(diǎn)進(jìn)行說明：每個(gè)部落或村落都有一些特殊儀式,在這些儀式上,人們穿著特殊服裝載歌載舞以感化眾神,確保莊稼、動(dòng)物和人類健康、壯大；因此歸納得出答案為 Gods；二、考點(diǎn)以名詞為主分析歷年的真題,我們會(huì)發(fā)覺這一部分考點(diǎn)涉及的詞性以名詞為主,10 個(gè)題中名詞最少也在 5 個(gè)

5、以上；這主要是由于講座的主要設(shè)題點(diǎn)為 關(guān)鍵名詞； 2）某一事物總體特點(diǎn)描述時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞；的實(shí)詞；【例 2】（2022 年）1）講座主題或結(jié)構(gòu)性的句子中顯現(xiàn)的 3）分述各個(gè)特點(diǎn)或各個(gè)方面細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)顯現(xiàn)題號(hào)答案設(shè)題點(diǎn)1 / 27 三、考查兩大才能1歸納概括才能 一篇長(zhǎng)達(dá) 900 多字的文章濃縮為 200 字左右的提綱, 對(duì)其中的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行填空,可見, 講 座試題已經(jīng)超出單純考查聽力懂得才能的層面,首要考查的是歸納概括才能；對(duì)于考生而言,這種試題有肯定的難度,由于需要在懂得原文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)；【例 3】（09-1 ）【試題】of an experimental report, 【聽力原文】I.Cont

6、ent Then what is an experimental report. All the report is, e.g.really, is a place in which you tell the story of your study subject/ area study purpose 1_ study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on.【分析】講座在提出 What is an experimental report. 之后,回答到試驗(yàn)報(bào)告應(yīng)包含：wh

7、at you did, why you did it 及 what you found out 三個(gè)方面,即討論的主題、討論的目的以及討論結(jié)果；依據(jù)提綱中前面兩條的格式,應(yīng)將 what you found out 概括成名詞詞組的形式 study results/findings ；2細(xì)節(jié)捕獲才能文章長(zhǎng),信息量大是講座材料的特點(diǎn)；可見對(duì)考生細(xì)節(jié)捕獲才能的考查也是此題型的主要目的； 此類試題的答案一般可以直接從原文中得出,多數(shù)捕獲到原詞即為答案,少數(shù)需要對(duì)捕獲到的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行一下轉(zhuǎn)述；【例 4】（10-6 ）【試題】【聽力原文】2. other cultures placing hand upon

8、heart: 6 pointing at nose: secretIn other cultures , placing your hand upon your heartis to indicate that you are telling the truth.Pointing your fingerat your nose means it sa secret. Thats why we say that gestures are culture bound.【分析】作者在介紹其他文化中一些動(dòng)作所代表的含義時(shí)提到將手放在心上表示 you are telling the truth ,故本空

9、可直接填入 truth；【例 5】（10-5 ）【試題】【聽力原文】B. gesture Here, a few examples may show you how powerful Gestures are related to culture. 1. British culture gestures can be.In British English behavior, shrugging shouldersmay indicate an attitude of “I don t care”, or shrugging shoulders: 5 “ I don t know ” While

10、scratching your head may scratching head: puzzlementindicate that you are at a loss.【分析】介紹了面部表情之后,作者隨后談到肢體的副語言特點(diǎn)的其次類：姿態(tài)；舉例時(shí)作 者提到 In British English behavior, shrugging shouldersmay indicate an attitude of “ I don t care”, or “I don t know ” ,本空應(yīng)當(dāng)填入名詞（短語）indifference ；,因此將 I don t care 轉(zhuǎn)述為 lack of in

11、terest 或2 / 27 今日練習(xí)Mini-Lecture 1 How to Keep Food Fresh Longer I. The importance of keeping food fresh A. Food we throw away doubles that of 20 years ago. B. A typical family of four spending $364 a week will lose about 1 _ 1_ a year.II. Ways to prolong the time before foods spoil A. Methods to kee

12、p herbs fresh 1. The best way is to store them 2_. 2_ 2. Seal them in zip lock bags after 3_ and put them in the 3 _ refrigerator. B. Methods to keep flour, rice and pasta 1. They usually last long. 2. With the bay leaves to protect them, most 4_ will last for 4 _ several months. C. Some suggestions

13、 on preserving cheese 1. The key to keep cheese moist in the freezer is to put some butter on it. 5 _ 2. This method works best on 5_. D. Ways to maintain the freshness of salt 1. The most important thing to keep salt is to 6_ and prevent it from clumping together. 6 _ 2. Some 7 _ will stop the salt

14、 from hardening. 7 _ E. Tips about honey 8 _in honey keeps it from going bad. 8 _ When honey crystallize, do not throw it for9 _ will make it clear 9 _ again. F. Ways to test the freshness of eggs 1. Fresh eggs sink in water while spoiled ones float. 10 _ 2. Spoiled eggs have _ 10 when the shell is

15、cracked open. Mini-Lecture 2 English Business Letter Format 3 / 27 I. Demands of stationery the first page is with a letterhead other pages are of 1 and color : 1_ one thing a personal letter should 2 Using letterhead 2_ II. Matters needing attention as to typing identical typeface and size correct

16、grammar and spelling 3 _ neat arrangement use of 3 to promote the appearance of the letter III. Sections of a traditional business letter A. Return address 4 _ justifying each line normally putting it at the top excluding 4 5 5 _ B. Date of the letter white space between the return address and the d

17、ate is nowadays C. Inside address 7 6 _ 7 _ consisting of receiver s name and his/her address D. Ways to 6 the intended recipient 8 _ E. Main part 9 _ both indented paragraphs and block paragraphs are fully squared paragraphs should be cautiously 8 F. Closing G. Typed writer s name signature is abov

18、e the typed name while job title is below it 10 _IV. Supplementary requirements putting “cc” at the bottom when 9 are necessary putting the initials of the professional typist noting enclosures resisting templates which are usually 10 refusing “ Office Bob ”答疑解惑Mini-Lecture 1 【答案解析】聽力原 1.$2750 文】【解析

19、】講座的開頭第一簡(jiǎn)潔地提到了每天人們都扔掉大量變質(zhì)的食物的情形,Go 講座中提到一個(gè)每周消費(fèi) $185的四口之家每年會(huì)由于丟棄的食物鋪張掉 $ 1325；故od 可以推斷消費(fèi) $370 的四口之家一年要鋪張的是消費(fèi) $185家庭的兩倍,即 $2750；mornin 2.in whole bunches 4 / 27 g, 【解析】此題所在處考查對(duì)草藥的儲(chǔ)存；由講座中的 The best way to keep herbs everyon fresh is to store them in whole bunches 可知答案為 in whole bunches；e.As 3.washing t

20、he herbs/washing them we can 【解析】此題設(shè)題處依舊是草藥的儲(chǔ)存方法；講座中條理清楚地講了草藥的儲(chǔ)存see, 方法,第一要 wash them, everyda 然后裝入密封袋內(nèi),之后放入冰箱；故可知裝入密封袋前先要清洗草藥,答案為 wy ashing the herbs或washing them；people 4.cereal products throw 【解析】此題所在處考查對(duì)米面類食物的儲(chǔ)存；由講座中的 Most cereal products out lots will be just fine for months with the bay leaves

21、 to protect them可判定答案為 cereal of food products；because 5.hard cheese its 【解析】此題所在處針對(duì)奶酪的保鮮設(shè)題；講座中提到在奶酪的切面涂上黃油對(duì)gone 奶酪保鮮作用很大；后來又提到 This trick works best on hard cheeses sealed in wax, bad. It 由此可將答案簡(jiǎn)化為 hard cheese；is really 6.keep it dry a huge 【解析】此題針對(duì)鹽的保鮮設(shè)題；由講座中的 The key here is to keep the salt wast

22、e. dry,可知食鹽儲(chǔ)存的關(guān)鍵在于保持鹽的干燥,故答案為 keep it dry；So in 7.dry rice today s 【解析】此題設(shè)題點(diǎn)依舊是鹽的儲(chǔ)存；由講座中的 If you put a little bit of dry rice in lecture, the shaker it will stop the salt from we will hardening可知干燥的大米可以防止食鹽變硬,故答案為 dry rice ；discuss 8.The sugar several 【解析】此題針對(duì)有關(guān)蜂蜜的一些學(xué)問設(shè)題；講座中提到蜂蜜是唯獨(dú)不會(huì)變質(zhì)的ways to 食物,接著

23、講到蜂蜜不會(huì)變壞的緣由,講座提到蜂蜜中的糖本身就是防腐劑（a prolong preservative）,可見使蜂蜜不會(huì)變質(zhì)的就是其中的糖,故可推斷答案為 the sugar；the time 9.a little warming before 【解析】此題考查點(diǎn)依舊是蜂蜜的保鮮學(xué)問；講座中提到蜂蜜有時(shí)會(huì)結(jié)晶,但是foods 千萬不要將結(jié)晶的蜂蜜扔掉；接著提到了應(yīng)付結(jié)晶的方法,由講座中的 with a little spoil. gentle warming you can make the honey clear again可知只需略微加熱,蜂蜜就會(huì)重新變清,故答案可簡(jiǎn)化為 a little

24、 warming ；Accordi 10.an unpleasant odor ng to 【解析】此題所在處針對(duì)雞蛋的儲(chǔ)存設(shè)題；依據(jù)常識(shí)我們知道壞掉的雞蛋打開后會(huì)Money 有難聞的怪味, 且由講座中 A spoiled egg will have an unpleasant odor when you break magazi open the shell,可確定答案為 an unpleasant odor；ne, the average household tosses out, on average, 14 percent 5 / 27 of the food they buy. Th

25、ats nearly double what we threw out 20 years ago. If the typical family of four spends $182 a week, thats $25 lost per week andappr oximate ly $1,325 per year. Now let s begin our discussi on about ways you keep that food in your 6 / 27 frig and money in your pocket. In today s lecture, we mainly fo

26、cus on several most commo n kinds of food. Firstly, I d like to introdu ce method s to keep herbs fresh. You know herbs tend to be expensi ve, and you usually have to buy more than you need for one dish, so you 7 / 27 want to make them last as long as possible . The best way to keep herbs fresh is t

27、o store them in whole bunches . First wash them, then seal them in zip lock bags and place them in the freezer. Storing them this way should keep them at peak freshne ss for up to a month. Thats more than 8 / 27 double the time they would last in the fridge. And when you are ready to use them, youll

28、 find they are actually easier to chop frozen and theyll defrost in a hurry once you toss them into a hot pan. Secondl y, we will talk about flour, rice and pasta which arent foods you 9 / 27 typicall y have to worry about going bad anytime soon. Flour keeps for 6-12 months and pasta up to two years

29、. But these foods are suscepti ble to little bugs called weevils . To help ward off the weevils try slipping a bay leaf into your storage contain er. The scent of the bay 10 / 27 leave will help repel the bugs. Other items bay leaves will protect are barley, cornme al and oatmeal . Most cereal produ

30、ct s will be just fine for months with the bay leaves to protect them. Also conside r scatteri ng a few leaves on your pantry shelves to repel moths, roaches and 11 / 27 mice. The third categor y I want to discuss is cheese. You probabl y never thought about putting butter on your cheese, but thats

31、the key to keeping it moist when storing it in the refriger ator. Simply spread butter or margari ne on the cut sides and you help seal in the moistur12 / 27 e. This trick works best on hard cheeses sealed in wax. Next, we are going to see ways to keep veggies fresh. The reason these veggies wilt is

32、 due to water loss. The best way to re-crisp them is by putting them in ice water. You can let them soak in the ice water for up to a half hour. The ice 13 / 27 water penetrat es their cells and helps restore the crunch. Some foodies also suggest that tossing in a few slices of raw potato with the w

33、ilted veggies helps speed things up the re-crisp ing. The fifth class which is an indispe nsable and vital element to human health is salt. The key 14 / 27 here is to keep the salt dry and keep it from clumpin g together . Anybod y that lives down south where the humidit y is particul arly high prob

34、abl y has had their salt shakers clogged up. If you put a little bit of dry rice in the shaker it will stop the salt from hardeni ng. The rice works 15 / 27 like a sponge, absorbi ng condens ation that can cause clumps. Then the next food we are talking is somethi ng that can be stocked up. One stap

35、le you can stock up on when its on sale is butter. If you shop in wareho use stores, such as Costco, dont be afraid to buy it in bulk. Butter will keep in 16 / 27 your freezer for up to six months. Just be sure to store it in an airtight contain er or you run the risk of it taking on the flavor of o

36、ther items in your freezer. The next tip I will give goes for both cottage cheese and sour creamneither have a very long shelf life, so here is a way to make them 17 / 27 last longer. Simply place the cottage cheese or sour cream contain er in the fridge upside down. What does that do. By invertin g

37、 the tub it creates a vacuum effect that stifles the growth of bacteria that can cause the food to spoil. Before we move to the next variety, here is a 18 / 27 questio n: What is the only food that doesnt spoil. The answer: honey. The sugar in honey is itself a preserv ative. Honey is also acidic, w

38、hich helps to keep bacteria out. While it doesnt go bad, all honey will crystalli ze at some point. But dont toss it out. The crystals are just sugar 19 / 27 and with a little gentle warmin g you can make the honey clear again. Try microw aving it on medium heat for 30 seconds at a time. Now let s c

39、ome to the last categor y. If you are ever unsure of the freshne ss of your eggsmaybe you dont quite trust the date on the 20 / 27 carton theres a simple way to test the freshne ss. Fill up a contain er with water and place the eggs in it. Fresh eggs will sink; bad or spoiled eggs will float. Accord

40、i ng to the USDA website , an egg can float in water when its air cell has enlarge d sufficie ntly to keep it buoyant . This 21 / 27 means the egg is old, but it may be perfectl y safe to use. Crack the egg into a bowl and examin e it for an off-odo r or unusual appeara nce before decidin g to use o

41、r discard it. A spoiled egg will have an unpleas ant odor when you break open the shell, either when raw or cooked. O22 / 27 K, to sum up, in today s lecture, we talk about the ways to keep several varietie s of food fresh. I do hope the tips given in the lecture will be of some help in your daily l

42、ife. Thank you for your attentio n. Mini-Lecture 2 【聽力原文】【答案解析】1.matching/similar quality Good morning, everyone. I believe that some of English majors wanna work for foreign trade companies after graduation. So today I will focus on English business letter format which are very useful. When a busin

43、ess that has letterhead stationery writes a business letter, the first page of the letter uses paper with the printed letterhead and 1succeeding pages, if any, use matching quality and color sheets without the letterhead. A 23 / 27 【解析】本講座環(huán)繞英語商務(wù)信函 的格式綻開,內(nèi)容分為信紙要求、書寫要求、 信函內(nèi)容、 以及附屬要 求四部分；此題所在處涉及信紙要 求的其

44、次點(diǎn), 即第一頁之后的部分 用質(zhì)量和顏色與第一頁相配的信 紙,因此答案為 matching/similar quality ；business with very good quality printing might generate the letterhead graphic with an image embedded in a word processor document. 2An individual normally wont use letterhead stationery and wont attempt to fake it. An attempt at letterh

45、ead that produces a tacky result or that conveys pompousness produces effects that you want to avoid. 2.avoid 【解析】此題所在處涉及信紙要求的最終一點(diǎn),即個(gè)人一般不會(huì)用letterhead stationery 帶 箋 頭 的 信紙,由于私人信件用這種信紙會(huì)給人俗氣 produces a tacky result、故 意 炫 耀 的 印 象 conveys In a business letter, everything that you type should be pompousn

46、ess,因而應(yīng)防止,即in the same typeface and in the same font size. You should use formal English and you should very carefully check your avoid；grammar and spelling. You should arrange things neatly. 3.white space 3You should consider the appearance of the letter at arms 【解析】此題所在處涉及書寫要求length as well as clo

47、se up use white space to produce an 的最終一點(diǎn), 即留出空白以使信件attractive sheet. 更引人注目 use white space to produce an attractive sheet,所以答In a conventional business letter you should see these 案為 white space；parts, in order top to bottom. 4.email address The first part is return address.This item is the postal

48、address of the author of the letter. Each line of it is left justified either at a tab stop that puts the information toward the right side of the page or at the left margin. Normally the return address is at the top of the page, but you can move it down a little to improve over-all appearance. 4Do

49、not put email addresses hereif you need to convey an email address, do it in the body of the letter. The second part is the date of the letter.It is aligned with the return address. 5Formerly there was never whitespace between the return address and the date, but some current styles allow blank line

50、s.The third item, inside address,duplicates what goes on 【解析】此題所在處涉及信函內(nèi)容 的第一點(diǎn)： return address 回信地 址；在這一點(diǎn)最終,演講者提到,Do not put email addresses here if you need to convey an email address, do it in the body of the letter , 因 此 回 信 地 址 應(yīng) 不 包 括 email address；留意 exclude 是對(duì) 講 座 中 否 定 表 達(dá) 的 同 義轉(zhuǎn) 述 ；5.allowed

51、/allowable 【解析】此題所在處涉及信函內(nèi)容 的其次點(diǎn)： date of the letter 寫信日the envelope. It has the formal name of the intended recipient 期；講座中提到,Formerly there of the letter and that persons postal address. Each line of the inside address is left justified at the left margin. No email addresses appear here. You can pu

52、t blank lines between the date and the inside address to fill the page better and to improve the arms length appearance. was never whitespace between the return address and the date, but some current styles allow blank lines,即原先回信地址和寫信日期之間沒有空白,但現(xiàn)在可以留空6Next comes the salutation. This item formally ad

53、dresses 白；因此空白是allowed/allowable ；the recipient. If the addressee is not a friend, you should write Dear Mr. Brown or Dear Mrs. Smith or Dear Ms. Jones or Dear Dr. Greene or the like. A letter to a close associate might say Dear Mike or Dear Sally. There is at least one line of white space between t

54、he inside address and the salutation. You can put a little more to improve the over-all appearance. 24 / 27 6.address 【解析】此題所在處涉及信函內(nèi)容的第四點(diǎn)：salutation 稱呼,即 ways to address the recipient 稱呼收信者的方式,因此答案為 address；7.acceptable 【解析】此題所在處涉及信函內(nèi)容The fifth part is the core of the letter the body. The body 的主體部分

55、； 在這一部分, 演講者is single spaced. Ordinarily the body contains more than one 提到,可以使用 either indented paragraph. Avoid both extremely short and very long paragraphs 首 行 縮 進(jìn) 格 式 or paragraphs. 7You can use either indented paragraphs in which the first line is indented more than the restor block paragraphs

56、 in which all lines begin at the left margin. With block paragraphs you must leave extra white space between paragraphsone blank line or one empty paragraph is often used, but you can also use Words extra space before or after paragraph option; the extra space should probably not exceed the size of

57、an empty paragraph. With indented paragraphs, extra space between paragraphs is common, but optional. Indented paragraphs should be avoided if the return address was aligned at the left margin. Special effects like bulleted lists and paragraphs whose left and right edges are both indented should beu

58、sed very sparingly avoid them as much as you can. 8Likewise, consider whether having your paragraphs fully justified, i.e. both left and right edges squared off, will make the letter look block paragraphs 齊頭格式 ；因此 兩 種 格 式 都 是 可 取 的 , 即acceptable；8.avoided 【解析】 同上題, 此題同樣涉及信函內(nèi)容的主體部分；講座中提到,consider whe

59、ther having your paragraphs fully justified, i.e. both left and right edges squared off, will make the letter look too much like a form letter or piece of junk mail ,即 左右全部對(duì)齊呈方塊形的段落給 人以正式函件或垃圾郵件的印象,因此應(yīng)盡量防止, 答案為 avoided；9.extra copies 【解析】此題所在處涉及講座的最too much like a form letter or piece of junk mail.

60、What 后一部分,即附屬要求部分的第一comes sixth is the closing.This item is something like Yours truly, or Sincerely. It is normally vertically aligned with the return address. Next item is typed name of letter author, which is aligned with the return address, date, and closing. Leave enough white space above it fo