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1、考點(diǎn)15現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)考法:對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查,多以單項(xiàng)選擇、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài) 的能力。在考試中,會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),或者是考查”瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀 語(yǔ)連用”這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞肯定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).否認(rèn)句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)+賓語(yǔ).一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句(have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞(V-ed) +其他)過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)那么如下:.規(guī)那么動(dòng)

2、詞:規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么與規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么相同。變化規(guī)那么有四點(diǎn):(1) 一般動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-edwork -* worked -* workedvisit-* visited-* visited(2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只在詞尾加 olive-* lived-* lived(3)以“輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,將y 變?yōu)閕,再加-edstudy -* studied -* studiedcry -* cried -* cried(4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再加-edstop- stopped 一 stoppeddrop -*

3、dropped dropped.不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。cuLcuLcutit-hithit現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā) 生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。I have already posted the photo.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響”照片不在這里”。 2020 山東日照】Lets go for a walk.-But I my work yet.A. dont finishB. wont finishC. didnt finishD. havent fini

4、shed【答案】D【解析】句意:我們?nèi)ド⒉桨伞5俏疫€沒(méi)有完成工作。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。dont finish 一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí);won,t finish 一般將來(lái)時(shí);didnt finish 一股過(guò)去時(shí);havent finished現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句中yet表示“還”,通 常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,所以空格處填havent finished。應(yīng)選D。2020 昆明市】Since 1989, Project Hope millions of young people from poor families achieve (heirdreams of going to school.A. will helpB

5、. helpsC. has helpedD. is helping【答案】C【解析】句意:自1989以來(lái),希望工程已經(jīng)幫助了數(shù)百萬(wàn)貧困家庭的年輕人實(shí)現(xiàn)了上學(xué)的夢(mèng)想。考查時(shí)態(tài)。will help一般將來(lái)時(shí);helps一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);has helped現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);is helping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)Since 1989,可知該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done,又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)為Project Hope,所以用has,應(yīng)選 Co2020 安徽省】一The air here is much fresher than before.Exactly! Wc a lot of trees in

6、the past few years.A. plantedB. were planting C. have planted D. will plant【答案】C【解析】句意:這里的空氣比以前新鮮多了。確實(shí)!在過(guò)去的幾年里,我們種了很多樹(shù)。考查現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)。A: 一般過(guò)去時(shí);B:過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);C:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);D: 一般將來(lái)時(shí)。分析句子可知,此處強(qiáng)調(diào) 過(guò)去種的樹(shù)使現(xiàn)在的空氣更清新,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),inihepasi+ 段時(shí)間,用于現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中,應(yīng)選C。2020 福建省Han Mei, a good friend of mine,me a lot with my Eng

7、lish in the past three years.A. helpsB. helpedC. has helped【答案】C【解析】句意:韓梅,我的一個(gè)好朋友,在過(guò)去的三年里她對(duì)我的英語(yǔ)幫助了很多??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。helps 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);helped 一般過(guò)去時(shí);has helped現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意和句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past three years 可知,這句話說(shuō)的是三年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。2020 四川攀枝花】Where is your uncle? I havent seen him for a long time.-Oh, he Sydney.A

8、. went toB. has been to C. has gone to D. goes to【答案】C【解析】句意:你叔叔去哪兒了?我好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他了。他去悉尼了??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。went to - 般過(guò)去時(shí);has been to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),去過(guò);has gone to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),去了未歸;goes to 一股現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)上 文時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為for+一段時(shí)間,可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除AD:又根據(jù)前文“I havent seen him for a long time”, 可知是還沒(méi)回來(lái),應(yīng)選C。 2020 四川省遂寧市】The new shirt looks good on you. When

9、 did you buy it?On July 7th. 1 it for a week.A. have bought B. have hadC. boughtD. buy【答案】B【解析】句意:一你穿這件新襯衫很好看。你什么時(shí)候買(mǎi)的? 在7月7日。我買(mǎi)一個(gè)星期了。 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。have bought現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);have had現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);bought 般過(guò)去時(shí);buy 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 for+一段時(shí)間,表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有繼續(xù)下去的可能,句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 排除C和D選項(xiàng)。一段時(shí)間要與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,buy是短暫性動(dòng)詞,其對(duì)應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是have,所以 空格

10、處填have hado應(yīng)選B。 2020 天津市】一The book is popular.you it yet?一Yes, I have.A. Arc; reading B. Were; reading C. Have; read D. Will; read【答案】C【解析】句意:這本書(shū)很受歡迎。你讀過(guò)了嗎?一是的,我讀過(guò)了??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Are; reading 構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);Were; reading構(gòu)成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);Have; read構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);Will; read構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 根據(jù)問(wèn)句句尾的yet及答句Yes, I have.”可知問(wèn)句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。.【2020

11、湖北省恩施州】I like novels written by J. K. Rowling. So far I all her works about HairyPotter.A. have readB. readC. am reading【答案】A【解析 1句意:我喜歡J.K.羅琳的小說(shuō),到目前為止,我已經(jīng)讀了她寫(xiě)的哈利波特的所有著作??疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。have read動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);read動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的原形;am reading動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 時(shí)。根據(jù)so far可知此處是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),動(dòng)詞用have read。應(yīng)選A。. 2020鄂州市】What do you usually do

12、 in your spare time?I often go to our community library. It for two years in order to encourage us to read more.A. opensB. has openedC. has been opened D. has been open【答案】D【解析】句意:一你在空余時(shí)間通常做什么? 我經(jīng)常去社區(qū)圖書(shū)館。為了鼓勵(lì)我們閱讀更多,它已 經(jīng)開(kāi)兩年了??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。opens動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù);has opened已經(jīng)翻開(kāi);has been opened已經(jīng)被翻開(kāi);has been o

13、pen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),形容詞作表語(yǔ),表示一直開(kāi)著。根據(jù)“for two years”此處表 示的是從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。open是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,此處用形容詞形式be open表示狀態(tài),可以延 續(xù)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用has been open。應(yīng)選D。22.【2020武漢市In the past 70 years. China historic changes and made great achievements.A. experiencedB. experiencesC. has experiencedD. would experience【答案】C【解析】句意:70年來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了歷史性的變化

14、,取得了巨大成就??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。A項(xiàng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí);B 項(xiàng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);C項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);D項(xiàng)為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)Inihepasl70years可知,應(yīng)該使用 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)選C。.【2020湖北省咸寧市Project Hope celebrated its 3() birthday in 2019.一Yeah. It children from poor families (he chance to go to school since 1989.A offeredB. has offeredC. is offeredD. is offering【答案】B【解析】句意:一希望工程在2019年

15、慶祝了它的30歲生日。一是的。自從1989年它給貧困家庭的孩 子們提供了去上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)??疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。offered動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式;has offered動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);is offered 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng);is offering動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)since 1989”可知是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),動(dòng)詞用has offered 0應(yīng)選 B。.【2020孝感市】So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones a lot.A. is increasingB. are increasingC. has increasedD. have incr

16、eased【答案】C【解析】句意:到目前為止,使用5G手機(jī)的人數(shù)增加了很多。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。increase增力口。根據(jù)題干中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“S。far”可知句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除AB;再由主語(yǔ)中有“the number of.”表示的數(shù)量”,可知助動(dòng)詞用has而不用have,排除D。應(yīng)選C。25.12020湖北省宜昌市】How about the third season of documentary Aerial China (航拍中國(guó))?一Great. I it twice.A. watchedB. watchC. will watchD. have watched【答案】D【解析】句意:紀(jì)

17、錄片航拍中國(guó)第三季怎么樣? 太好了。我已經(jīng)看了兩遍了??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。walched觀看,過(guò)去式;walch觀看,動(dòng)詞原形;will walch觀看,一般將來(lái)時(shí);have watched觀 看,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);根據(jù)句意理解及空格后的twice可知,這里表達(dá)的是“已經(jīng)看過(guò)兩遍了“,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí),應(yīng)選D。. 2020湘西土家族苗族自治州】一Tina, is your father a teacher?一Yes, he is. He English for nearly 20 years.A. is teachingB. teachC. has taught【答案】C【解析】句意:蒂娜,你父親是一名老

18、師么?是,他是。他教英語(yǔ)將近二十年了。考查動(dòng)詞的 時(shí)態(tài)。is leaching動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);teach動(dòng)詞的一-般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的原形;has (aught動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根敏for nearly 20 years”川.知表示的是動(dòng)作的持續(xù),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),此處用has taught。應(yīng)選C。.【2020 內(nèi)蒙古包頭市】Corn production nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.A. jumpedB. jumpsC. will jumpD. has jumped【答案】D【解析】句意:在過(guò)去的25年里,中國(guó)的玉米產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了將

19、近125%??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。jumped跳躍,突升,暴漲,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞形式;jumps第三人稱單數(shù)形式;will jump 一般將來(lái)時(shí);has jumped現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意和句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over Ihe pasl 25 years in China可知, 這句話表示從25年前到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。應(yīng)選D。模處檢測(cè)1.【2020北京市 101 中學(xué)三模】John speaks Chinese very well because he in China for many years.A. livesB. has livedC. livedD. is living【答案】B【解析】

20、句意:John漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好,因?yàn)樗谥袊?guó)生活很多年了??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。lives居住,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) has lived居住,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):lived居住,般過(guò)去時(shí);is living居住,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)句意表示他在中國(guó) 已經(jīng)住了很多年了,for+時(shí)間段是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。應(yīng)選B。2.12020安徽省合肥市廬陽(yáng)區(qū)二?!恳籛hen will you hand in your report, Sarah?一Sorry, I it. Tomorrow will be OK.A. dont completeB. wont complete C. havent completed I), didnt comp

21、lete【答案】C【解析】句意:莎拉,你什么時(shí)候交報(bào)告? 對(duì)不起,我還沒(méi)完成。明天就可以了??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。dont complete一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);wonl complete一般將來(lái)時(shí);havent completed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);didnt complete 般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,莎拉的報(bào)告沒(méi)有完成,并且該行為對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響,故應(yīng)為現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。.【2020福建省龍巖市二模】一Huawei great progress in recent years.一Thals true. It is among the worlds (op 10 companies now.A. is makin

22、gB. has madeC. makes【答案】B【解析】句意:華為近年來(lái)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。這是真的。它現(xiàn)在是世界十大公司之一??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。is making現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式;has made現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式; makes 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in recent years.M ,結(jié)合句意可知,主語(yǔ)是Huawei, 此空應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式has made,應(yīng)選B。.202()湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市一?!恳籝ou look pale. Arc you sick?一Yes. I dont feel well. My sister was s

23、ick several days ago and I am afraid she me her cold.A. was givingB. will giveC. has given【答案】C【解析】句意:你看起來(lái)臉色蒼白。你生病了嗎? 是的,我感覺(jué)不舒服。我的妹妹幾天前生病了, 恐怕她傳染了我感冒。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。was giving過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu);will give一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu);has given現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)上文I dont feel well.可知傳染感冒的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響依然存在, 所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)選C。2020江蘇省南通市海門(mén)市二?!?一I remembe

24、r (hat Mr.Green once traveled broad.Not only Mr.Green but also his daughters abroad twice.A. have goneB. have beenC. has goneD. has been【答案】B【解析】句意:一一我記得格林先生曾有一次到國(guó)外旅行。一一不僅格林先生出過(guò)兩次國(guó),他的女兒們也 出過(guò)兩次國(guó)??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及就近原那么。have/has been 2表示去過(guò)某地,現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)回來(lái)了; have/hasgone to表示去了某地,現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。從twice判斷曾經(jīng)去過(guò)兩次,說(shuō)明已經(jīng)從某地返回,所以應(yīng)用ha

25、ve/has been to結(jié)構(gòu),排除A、C選項(xiàng);not only.but also連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原那么”,daughters為 復(fù)數(shù),所以用have,排除D選項(xiàng),而且abroad為副詞,所以介詞t。需要省略;故答案選B。.202()北京市昌平區(qū)二?!縄 am a lilUe heavier than 6 months ago. I exercises since January.A. didnt doB. havent doneC. am not doingD. wont do【答案】B【解析】句意:我比六個(gè)月之前更重了一點(diǎn)。自從一月份以來(lái)我就沒(méi)有鍛煉??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。di

26、dntdo沒(méi)有 做,一般過(guò)去時(shí):haven,t done沒(méi)有做,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);am not doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);wont do 一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù) 句意和句中的since January可知,這句話應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),應(yīng)選B。.【2020北京市中臺(tái)區(qū)三模】Toms mother his room already. It is very clean.A. has cleanedB. cleanedC. will cleanD. is cleaning【答案】A【解析】句意:湯姆的媽媽已經(jīng)清掃了他的房間。房間非常干凈。此題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。has cleaned現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí);cleaned過(guò)去時(shí);wil

27、l clean一般將來(lái)時(shí);is cleaning現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)uIt is very cleanv 可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:have/has+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞,應(yīng)選A. 2020北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)中考零模Its nice to see you again. Wc each other for a long time.A. didnt seeB. havent seenC. wont seeD. dont see【答案】B【解析】句意:很高興再次見(jiàn)到你。我們有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面了??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。see看見(jiàn)。didnt see - 般過(guò)去時(shí)的否

28、認(rèn);havent seen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否認(rèn):wont see 般將來(lái)時(shí)的否認(rèn);dont see 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否認(rèn)。 根據(jù)題干中“for a long time”可知是說(shuō)已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)見(jiàn)了,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其否認(rèn)式是havent/hasnt done。 應(yīng)選B。9.【2020北京市門(mén)頭溝一?!縈y uncle here since 1996.A. worksB. workedC. has workedD. will work【答案】C【解析】句意:我的叔叔自從1996年就一直在這里工作??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。works工作,動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù) 形式:worked過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞形式:has worked現(xiàn)在

29、完成時(shí):will work ,般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意和句中since2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng) 詞表示),常與for(+時(shí)間段),since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來(lái),他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意:for和since的用法。for+時(shí)間段譯為:時(shí)間since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為:自從以來(lái))since + 時(shí)間段 + agosince +從句(過(guò)去時(shí))It is +時(shí)

30、間段+ since +從句(過(guò)去時(shí))注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy, die, join, lose.) 4 for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí),要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 變化如下:go out-*be outdie-*be deadCome back-*be backCatch a cold-*have a coldfinish-*be overbuy-* havePut on-*be on/wearcome/arrive/reach/gel tobe inopen-*be openFall ill-*be illWorry-*be worried現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在都

31、有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài),因此,具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)都可以與現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)連用。.與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如:We have lived in this city for more (han 40 years.我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958.我們從1958年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出,與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為stay, live, teach. learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。.與籠統(tǒng)地表

32、示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如already, never, ever, just等。如:Ive just found this library book.我剛剛找到這本圖書(shū)館的書(shū)。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多美?。∥疫€從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)到過(guò)比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。.與表示包含過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如lately, recently, in (he past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。如:How have yo

33、u been recently?你近來(lái)狀況如何?The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在過(guò)去兩年的時(shí)間里寫(xiě)了一本新書(shū)。Have you seen her parents these days?這些天你看見(jiàn)她的父母了嗎?The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今為止,布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three

34、 days ago等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)區(qū)別1.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響;而般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于某動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間,即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如:have seen the film.我看過(guò)這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容)I saw (he film three days ago.三天前我看了這部電影。(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影)Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是格林

35、先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買(mǎi)新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天).時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副詞以及for+段時(shí)間,since+過(guò)去時(shí) 間/從句等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)那么常與時(shí)間段+ago , just now, yesterday, last week等表示過(guò) 去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:She has lived here since two years ago.她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived

36、 here two years ago.兩年前她住在這里。He has been in (he League for three years.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫(xiě)了封信。跟蹤訓(xùn)練,一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Ever)f student(see) the film already.Kent and I(write) a song before.Dick(do) the work these days.The people in the mountains never(see) films

37、.Patty(buy) a magazine about the school life.The actress(live) here all her life.The glass is broken. Who(break) this glass?Finally the workers(finish) that job.you(borrow) the book we talked abut last time?Theres no more wine in the bottle. They(drink) all of it.【答案】l.has seen 2.have written 3.has

38、been doing 4.have , seen 5.has bought 6.1ives 7.breaks 8.finished9.Have , borrowed lO.have , broken二、單項(xiàng)選擇Recently, school violence in some schools.Luckily, our government has carried out some policies to stop it.A. has appearedB. appearedC. will appearD. appears【答案】A【解析】句意:一一最近,一些學(xué)校的學(xué)校暴力事件已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。一一幸運(yùn)

39、的是,我們的政府已經(jīng)實(shí)施了 一些政策來(lái)阻止它。A.已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了; B.出現(xiàn)了; C.將出現(xiàn)。從答句知道暴力事件是已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的,排除C。 那么暴力事件肯定是過(guò)去出現(xiàn)的,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響,影響就是我們的政府已經(jīng)實(shí)施了一些政策來(lái)阻 止它,動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生且對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響就要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)選A。Andy, with his parents,Hong Kong, and some shopping bythem.A. have gone to; will doB. has gone to; will be doneC. have been to; will doD. has been to; do【答案

40、】B【解析】句意:安迪和他的父母去了香港,他們將買(mǎi)一些東西。Andy是句子的主語(yǔ),with his parents作狀 語(yǔ),根據(jù)主謂一致的原那么,首先排除A、C; have/has gone t。表示某人去了某地,現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái),have/has been to表示某人去過(guò)某地,現(xiàn)已回來(lái)。根據(jù)by them判斷,笫二個(gè)句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子,故答案為B。Its time to work now.一OK. Til wake Carl up. He for an hour.A. has fallen asleepB. has been asleepC. fell asleepD. falls asl

41、eep【答案】B【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在到了工作的時(shí)間了。好的,我叫醒卡爾,他睡了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。tRffi fall asleep 入睡,短暫性動(dòng)詞;beasleep睡著,指狀態(tài),延續(xù)性的;根據(jù)for an hour.可知用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;應(yīng)選When will you hand in your book report?一Sorry, Im not sure. I writing it yet.A. didnt finishB. donl finishC. hadnt finishedD. havent finished【答案】D【解析】句意:你什么時(shí)候上交你的讀書(shū)報(bào)告?對(duì)不起,我不確定,我還沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完。A

42、. didnt finish 一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,過(guò)去沒(méi)有完成報(bào)告,和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系,不符合語(yǔ)境,故排除A; B.donH finish一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在的一般情況或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情,顯然這里不符合語(yǔ)境,故排除B; C. hadnt finished過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,這個(gè)對(duì)話沒(méi)有提到另一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,不符合語(yǔ)境,故排除 C; D. haven、finished現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,因?yàn)檫€沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完,所以不確定什 么時(shí)間交上。根據(jù)yet判斷,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且是否認(rèn)句。應(yīng)選D。My pen pal said he would write to me,

43、 but I any letters from him so far.A. wont receiveB. havent receivedC. hadn,t receivedD. didnt receive【答案】B【解析】so far表示到目前為止,句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。應(yīng)選真題再現(xiàn)2020 北京巾】 We each other since I came to Beijing, but we send emails very often.dont see【答案】Ddidnt seeC. wont seeD. havent seen【解析】句意:自從我來(lái)北京,我們就沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面,但我們經(jīng)常發(fā)電子郵

44、件。此題考查時(shí)態(tài)。dontsee是一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí);didnt see是一般過(guò)去時(shí);wont see是一般將來(lái)時(shí);havent seen是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)since I came to Being可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)選D。2020 貴州省安順市】Since 1990. Project Hope millions of students from poor families realize theirdreams.A. will helpB. has helpedC. helps【答案】B【解析】句意:自1990年以來(lái),希望工程幫助了數(shù)百萬(wàn)貧困家庭的學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)了他們的夢(mèng)想??艰脛?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。will

45、 help一般將來(lái)時(shí);has helped現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);helps一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since 1990, 可知該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone,再結(jié)合主語(yǔ)是Project Hope ,故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),應(yīng)選B。 2020 貴州銅仁市Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing?Very cool. I there once. Id like to go there again.A. has beenB. have beenC. have goneD. has gone【答案】B【解析】句意: 瑪麗亞,你認(rèn)為梵凈山怎么樣? 非常棒。我曾經(jīng)到過(guò)那里

46、,我想再去一次??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)辨析。hasbeen去過(guò)己回,第三人稱單數(shù);havebeen原形;have gone去了未回,原形;has gone 第三人稱單數(shù)。根據(jù)Id like to go there again.”可知,她去過(guò)已|叫 主語(yǔ)為I,用動(dòng)詞原形,應(yīng)選B.2020 黑龍江哈爾濱市】一Hi, Jill. I in my math since you shared your good experience with me.一Great! Congratulations!A. have made rapid progressB. made rapid progressC. will make

47、 rapid progress【答案】A【解析】句意:一你好,吉爾。自從你和我提供了你的好經(jīng)驗(yàn),我的數(shù)學(xué)進(jìn)步很快。一好極了!恭喜 你!考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。make rapid progress取得快速的進(jìn)步。根據(jù)題干中“since you shared your good experience with me”可知這里是含since的主從復(fù)合句,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句要用現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has done,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。應(yīng)選A。2020 四川省成都市Bob, you in this city since 2018. How do you li

48、ke it?A. livedB. liveC. have lived【答案】C【解析】句意:鮑勃,你從2018年起就住在這個(gè)城市了。你覺(jué)得這座城市怎么樣?考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。lived 一般過(guò)去時(shí);live一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);have lived現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。分析句子可知,此處表示“你從2018年起就住在這 個(gè)城市了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù),構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”,所以此處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選 Co 2020 涼山州-Its 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.-How time flies! We in our hometown for such

49、a long time.A. workB. workedC. has workedD. have worked【答案】D【解析】句意:一我們回到?jīng)錾?0年了。時(shí)光飛逝!我們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)工作了這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間??疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí) 態(tài)。work動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的原形;worked動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式;has worked動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)是第三人 稱單數(shù);have worked動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)we是復(fù)數(shù);根據(jù)“for such a long time”可知強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的 持續(xù),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have worked。應(yīng)選D. 2020 甘肅武威市】I the guitar ever since I was 8 yea

50、rs old.A. playedB. have playedC. am playingD. will play【答案】B【解析】句意:自從我八歲我就彈吉他??疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。played動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式;have played動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí);am playing動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);will play動(dòng)詞的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)“since I was 8 years old”可知句子 是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),動(dòng)詞用have played。應(yīng)選B。2020 河北省】m so glad that I nearly half of (he lest now.A. finishB. finishedC. will finishD. have finished【答案】D【解析】句意:我很高興我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了將近一半的考試??疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。finish動(dòng)詞原形;finished動(dòng) 詞過(guò)去式;will finish一般將來(lái)時(shí);have finished現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造 成的結(jié)

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