三林苑居住小區(qū)設(shè)計構(gòu)思

1、112/961Project: Sanlinyuan Housing Project（Zhonggu Wang） Shanghai, China 1996070341金濤 As the rapid development of construction of city, the importance of housing building means more and more to the society.“sanlinyuan”，as one of the earlier successful attempt in the design of residential district in

2、 shanghai, makes a excellent example to the followed designs. As “sanlinyuan” locates in Pudong area, just 40 minutes far from our university, I took advantage of the opportunity of Dragon Boat Festival and went there to have a deeper research about it when comparing just with the references on the

3、Internet. And in the following essay, I will analyze the design of “sanlinyuan” in detail.一、小區(qū)外部環(huán)境整體設(shè)計For the First, let me analyze the overall design of the external environment foYSanlinyuan” community.11小區(qū)整體空間輪廓和建筑外部造型（照片見本期封三）根據(jù)居住區(qū)總體規(guī)劃的要求，小區(qū)住宅全部為多層，在小區(qū)北側(cè)沿街為20層左右的商辦樓， 因此總的空間輪廓是南低北高。此外，為了豐富小區(qū)內(nèi)部空間，

4、將多層住宅的層數(shù)設(shè)計為 47層，這樣與小區(qū)內(nèi)的一些低層配套公建形成高低錯落的空間效果。住宅的屋頂采用雙 折坡頂，可充分利用屋頂空間，小公建力求造型活潑靈巧，以體現(xiàn)南方特色。建筑局部（如 過街樓、過街雨篷、長廊、組團入口等）采用一些中外傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格的建筑細(xì)部和符號以增強居 住環(huán)境的歷史延續(xù)感和海派特色。For the overall plot outline and building external shape of space according to the requirements of the overall plan living area, all buildings are the

5、multi-storey residential houses. In the district around the north side of the street is the 20-story commercial office building, so the total space profile is low in the South and high in the North. In addition, in order to enrich interior space in the community, the design of multi-storey residenti

6、al floors is controlled form 4 to 7 layers, so that with some low-level of the formation of public buildings, they together form high and low spatial effects. The roofs of the houses generally adopts the double fold top of the hill, which makes full use of roof space, seeks to shape public buildings

7、 and lively little dexterity to reflect the characteristics of the South. The parts of the Buildings （such as Guojie Lou, awning across the street, gallery, entrance, etc） use some of the traditional style of Chinese and foreign construction details and symbols to enhance the living environment, a s

8、ense of historical continuity and Shanghai characteristics.21色彩住宅墻面以淡雅的淺色調(diào)為主，坡屋面為紅色或綠色，2. 2米高架空層墻面彩用米灰或青 灰，小區(qū)公建為單一的白色或紅色，色彩的處理采用大手筆的方式，宜少不宜多。For the colors, residential wall is mainly with elegant color tone light, while the sloping roof is in red or green, the 2.2-meter-high elevated wall is mainly

9、 painted in gray and the residential public buildings are in a single white or red. The color is dealt with in generous ways, which should be few and not more.31綠化種植小區(qū)內(nèi)綠化以價廉、易長、易管為原則，少量采用一些形態(tài)優(yōu)美具有色、香、味特色的樹種。 小區(qū)內(nèi)以草地為主（引進一些四季常青的草種），此外，在小區(qū)的一些重要地段，可放置一 些活動的大型花池，由物業(yè)管理公司負(fù)責(zé)，隨季節(jié)變化而更換，也可發(fā)動本村居民參與。For the Plant

10、ing, the planting in the community follows the principle that grass should be cheap, easy to grow, easy to control, and only a small number of very elegant tree species would be planted in the community while mainly within the grassland plot. In addition, in some of the important lots in the communi

11、ty, some large flower pools can be placed there for the use of some activities, while in the other hand, it can make the community beautiful.41地面鋪砌地面作為城市的第六立面，歷來為人們所重視。小區(qū)內(nèi)以車行道混凝土路面為主，小汽車停 車場擬采用預(yù)制漏空混凝土塊。漏空外種植草皮，既增加了綠化復(fù)蓋率，又改善了院內(nèi)的小 氣候。一些步行廣場和林蔭步道的地面用傳統(tǒng)的天然鋪地材料 如碎花崗巖、鵝卵石、磚和 片石等，也可部分采用預(yù)制的彩色混凝土塊。For the gr

12、ound pavement, ground surface as the six elevation of our city has always been paid much attention on. The road in the District is mainly within the concrete pavements while outside it some grass is planted, which not only increases the green coverage rate, but also improves the microclimate of the

13、yard. Some pedestrian plaza and tree-lined ground path is paved with traditional natural materials such as crushed granite, cobblestone, brick and rubble, etc.二、提高土地的利用效益我國人多地少，城市用地十分緊張，土地占每平方米住宅的綜合造價至少在50%以上，因 此提高土地的利用效益成為當(dāng)前量大面廣的住宅小區(qū)規(guī)劃與建設(shè)的重要課題。但在節(jié)地的同 時，不能降低居住環(huán)境的質(zhì)量。11采用院落式布置手法，利用東西兩側(cè)的間距。21加大住宅進深和適當(dāng)增

14、加單元拼接長度。31采用北向退臺和坡頂，以合理縮小住宅間距。 17 41降低住宅層高，從2. 8米降至2. 7米。 51底層設(shè)置2. 2米高架空層，既提高了土地的利用效益（可設(shè)置自行車庫，停放摩托車和 小汽車，布置居委會、小商店、市政用房等。也可作為居民日常休息、交往的開放空間），又 改善了底層住戶的居住條件（特別在上海多雨地區(qū)），同時也節(jié)約了大量底層院子的圍墻等 設(shè)施。61在小區(qū)公園設(shè)地下車庫（約可停放200輛小汽車）。For the second, the community of “sanlinyuan” improves land use efficiency. As the huge

15、 popularity in China, urban land is very tense. Thereby increasing land use efficiency becomes an important issue for contemporary residential district planning and construction. But at the same time in saving land, we cannot lower the quality of living environment. So some methods are discussed out

16、 as followed. First, with courtyard layout techniques, we can use the distance between east and west sides. Second, we can Increase the depth of residential units and raise splice length. Third, reasonably reduce the residential space. Forth, lower house story, from 2.8 m down to 2.7 meters. Fifth,

17、at the bottom a 2.2-meter-high elevated level is set, it can improve land use efficiency （it can be stored with bicycles, parked motorcycles and cars, decorated into small shops, municipal buildings and so on while also as space for residents to rest or chat）, but also improve the living conditions

18、of the underlying tenants especially in the rainy Shanghai region, while on theother hand, it also saves a lot of facilities such as the bottom wall of the courtyard. Sixth, Community Park is set in the Underground Garage which can park about 200 cars.三、探索解決目前住宅小區(qū)建設(shè)中普遍存在的三大難題11車輛的停放一一利用架空層和地下21垃圾集收一

19、一小區(qū)內(nèi)不設(shè)垃圾筒，采用袋裝化集收，設(shè)置垃圾集收站31兒童游戲場（帶器械的）For the third, the design of “sanlinyuan” explores the solution to the current three major problems generally existed in the construction of common residential districts. First, it uses the level overhead and the underground space to solve the problems of parkin

20、g lots. Second, in the residential district, no litter bin could be seen, while on the other hand, using bags of collection and garbage Station set for collecting well solve the problem of garbage collection. Third, Childrens Playground with instruments is set to enrich peoples life quality.四、進一步探索住

21、宅小區(qū)空間設(shè)計的整體性、靈活性和個性，以及上海里弄住宅的新形式 三林苑小區(qū)由二幢住宅組合成的院落式單元塊作為小區(qū)基本的空間構(gòu)成單位 改變了常見 的以單幢建筑作為構(gòu)成空間的方式，并由這樣的院落式單元組合塊組成五組各具特色的直 線形和曲線形的里弄。各里弄均有前后兩個出入口，具有很強的領(lǐng)域感和識別性，且由于住 宅底層有2. 2米的架空層，故里弄內(nèi)部空間能自由流通，室內(nèi)外空間相互滲透，空間組織 靈活，達到既統(tǒng)一，又有變化。For the fourth, the design of “sanlinyuan” further explores the Integrity, flexibility and

22、individuality of the residential space design, and the Development of Shanghai linong houses. In “sanlinyuan” district, the two nearby buildings are combined, forming into the courtyard of residential unit as the basic cell of space constitution unit. It changes the common space constitution way by

23、a single block and using the courtyard-style units, they combine into five distinctive straight and curved patterns of linong. there are two entrances in each linong, with a strong sense of identification of the areas. As there is a 2.2 m elevated level in the residential floo, it provides neighborh

24、oods that they are free to flow within the space, indoor and outdoor space for mutual penetration. Spatial organization is flexible, which reaches the goal of reunification and variations.五、以上海家庭的居住心理、居住行為和浦東地區(qū)土地價值及21世紀(jì)環(huán)境要求為科學(xué)依據(jù)， 探索節(jié)地、質(zhì)優(yōu)、材新、價低的“小康住宅”，引導(dǎo)上海居民建立新的住宅模式觀念。For the Fifth, according to shanghai families living psychology, daily living behavior the value of Pudong area of land and the environmental requirements for the 21st century as the scientific basis, the design of “sanlinyuan” explores the “well” house with saving land, high quality, new mat