2022浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)博士入學(xué)考試英語

1、博士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題考試科目: 英語 滿分：100分 考試時(shí)間：180分鐘注意：所有試題答案寫在答題紙上，答案寫在試卷上無效。Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The patient has been _

2、of the safety of the operation. A. guaranteedB. assuredC. entrustedD. confirmed2. Some teenagers harbour a generalized resentment against society, which _ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature. A. deprivesB. restrictsC. rejectsD. denies3.When travelling, you a

3、re advised to take travellers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash. A. substituteB. selectionC. preferenceD. alternative4.The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her _ attitude toward customers. A. impartialB. mildC. hostileD. opposing5. Christmas is a

4、Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ. A. in accordance with B. in terms of B. in favor of D. in honor of6.No one imagined that the apparently _ businessman was really a criminal. A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. receptacle7. In some parts of th

5、e world the indigenous population has been completely _. A. wiped upB. wiped outC. wiped awayD. wiped off8. _ the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transport were horse-drawn. A. Akin toB. Prior toC. In addition to D. With reference to 9. Because his workplace was so busy and noisy, he lo

6、nged most of all for _. A. lonelinessB. associationC. solitudeD. irrelevancy10.Because Mark needed to pass the exam, he made studying a _ over watching his favorite television show. A. priorityB. conformityC. perplexityD. concept11.The record of the past is always incomplete, and the historians who

7、write about it _ reflect the preoccupations of their own time. A. bound toB. inevitablyC. indispensablyD. justifiably12. Man is a _ animal, and much more so in his mind than in his body: he may like to go alone for a walk, but he hates to stand alone in his _. A. conceited . vanityB. solitary . thou

8、ghtsC. gregarious . opinionsD. special . uniqueness13. He says he would write an English course book if he could find a(n) _ to deal with the less interesting parts. A. accompliceB. collaboratorC. spouse D. kin14. International travelers may have difficulties understanding the adjustment problems th

9、at _ them. A. amaze B. beset C. humiliate D. resurrect15. The distinctive qualities of African music were not appreciated or even _. A. deploredB. perceivedC. reveredD. ignored16. The spokesperson knew he had made a _ error when he prematurely announced that all of the victims had survived the accid

10、ent. A. glaring B. grievous C. dazed D. furtive17. His _ for wanting to stay on as manager is to see England as the top team in the world. A. measurement B. motivation C. requirement D.presentation18. Many of the villagers rely on fishing as their _ source of income. A.primary B.radical C.external D

11、.noticeable19. She couldnt imagine herself in any form of _ with her employer, much as she liked him. A.prejudice B. Fantasy C. intimacy D.conflict20. The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally _ to improvements in diet. A.accounted B. referred C.credited D.attributed21. Do you

12、 believe that he had killed a man with his _ hands? A.bare B.naked C.hollow D.sheer22. It _ me as strange that the man didnt introduce himself before he spoke. A. occurred B. dawned C. impressed D. struck23. He definitely meant to be rudeit was quite _. A. spontaneous B. deliberate C. conscious D. e

13、xpressive24. The lawyer told the judge that his _ did not have a criminal record. A.client B.customer C.employer D.administrator25. Attitudes learned at home _ onto the playground. A.carry out B. carry on C. carry forward D.carry over26. Im worried about washing that shirt in case it _. A.shrinks B.

14、confines C. diminishes D.outweighs27. After youve signed the contract, it will be impossible to _. A.back out B.back up C.break off D.break down28. Korean newspapers only have four pages, so stories have to be very much _. A.to the core B.to the effect C.to the point D.to be exact29. Shes bought an

15、exercise bike to keep _. A. in effect B.in shape C.in session D.in health30. The judge _ most of the police evidence, saying it was clearly fabricated. A. disposed B. declined C.dismissed D.discardedPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are four passages followed

16、by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text A When we use a word in speech and writing, its most obvious purpose is to point to some thing or relation or property. This is the words “meaning.” We

17、see a small four-footed animal on the road and call it a “dog,” indicating that it is a member of the class of four-footed animals we call dogs. The word “dog” as we have used it there has a plain, straight-forward, “objective” meaning. We have in no way gone beyond the requirements of exact scienti

18、fic description.Let us suppose also that one grandparent of the dog was a collie, another was an Irish terrier, another a fox terrier, and the fourth a bulldog. We can express these facts equally scientifically and objectively by saying that he is a dog of mixed breed. Still we have in no way gone b

19、eyond the requirements of exact scientific description.Suppose, however, that we had called that same animal a “mongrel.” The matter is more complicated. We have used a word which objectively means the same as “dog of mixed breed,” but which also arouses in our hearers an emotional attitude of disap

20、proval toward that particular dog. A word, therefore, can not only indicate an object, but can also suggest an emotional attitude toward it. Such suggestion of an emotional attitude does go beyond exact and scientific discussion because our approvals and disapprovals are individualthey belong to our

21、selves and not to the objects we approve or disapprove of. An animal which to the mind of its master is a faithful and noble dog of mixed ancestry may be a “mongrel” to his neighbor whose chickens are chased by it.Once we are on the lookout for this difference between “objective” and “emotional” mea

22、nings, we shall notice that words which carry more or less strong suggestions of emotional attitudes are very common and are ordinarily used in the discussion of such controversial questions as those of politics, morals, and religion. This is one reason why such controversies cannot yet be settled.T

23、here is a well-known saying that the word “firm” can be declined as follows: I am firm, thou are obstinate, he is pigheaded. That is a simple illustration of what is meant. “Firm,” “obstinate,” and “pigheaded” all have the same objective meaningthat is, following ones own course of action and refusi

24、ng to be influenced by other peoples opinion. They have, however, different emotional meanings: “firm” has an emotional meaning of strong approval, “obstinate” of mild disapproval, “pigheaded” of strong disapproval.In much the same way when, during the World War, thoughts were dominated by emotions,

25、 the newspapers contrasted the spirit of our heroic boys with ruthlessness of the Huns （貶義 德國兵）, and the heroism of our troops with the enemys savagery. Now, with the more objective attitude that has been brought by the lapse of time, we can look back and see that spirit and ruthlessness are objecti

26、vely the same thing, only the one word has an emotional meaning of approval, the other of disapproval. We can see, too, that a soldier going forward under shellfire to probable death is doing the same thing whether he is a German or one of our countrymen, and that to distinguish between them by appl

27、ying the word savagery to the action of the one and heroism to that of the other is to distort reality by using words to make an emotional distinction between two actions which are objectively identical. 31.The authors point in the first three paragraphs is that _. A. there is no real difference bet

28、ween calling a dog a mongrel or calling it a dog of mixed breedB. “a dog of mixed breed” is an emotional termC. “mongrel” is an objective termD. words may suggest emotional attitudes as well as objective meanings32. The author maintains that _. A. in discussing scientific subjects, emotional words a

29、re often used to make meanings clearerB. in discussing controversial questions, objective terms are generally used to help clarify meaningsC. in discussing scientific subjects, objective terms are generally used, in order to avoid controversyD. in discussing controversial questions, emotional terms

30、are used very often33. The author believes that people have disagreements on many subjects partially because _. A. people have not learned how to get along with each other without conflict and argumentB. words used in discussing those subjects carry emotional overtones which tend to antagonize peopl

31、eC. words with objective meanings mean different things to different persons, and must be used carefullyD. politics, morals, and religion cause controversies that cannot yet be settled34. Regarding war, the author believes that in World War I, _. A. our men showed spirit and heroism, while the Germa

32、ns displayed ruthlessness and savageryB. although our men acted heroically, there were occasions when they were almost as ruthless as theGermansC. there was no difference at all between the actions of our soldiers and of the German onesD. at the time of the war, most people thought that both sides h

33、ad fought equally bravely, but with the passage of time they began to realize how savage the Germans had really been Text BIf Johnny cant write, one of the reasons may be a conditioning based on speed rather than respect for the creative process. Speed is neither a valid test of nor a proper prepara

34、tion for competence in writing. It makes for murkiness, glibness, disorganization. It takes the beauty out of the language. It rules out respect for the reflective thought that should precede expression. It runs counter to the word-by-word and line-by-line reworking that enables a piece to be finely

35、 knit.This is not to minimize the value of genuine facility. With years of practice, a man may be able to put down words swiftly and expertly. But it is the same kind of swiftness that enables a cellist, after having invested years of efforts, to negotiate an intricate passage from Haydn. Speed writ

36、ing is for stenographers and court reporters, not for anyone who wants to use language with precision and distinction.Thomas Mann was not ashamed to admit that he would often take a full day to write 500 words, and another day to edit them, out of respect for the most difficult art in the world. Fla

37、ubert would ponder a paragraph for hours. Did it say what he wanted it to saynot approximately but exactly? Did the words turn into one another with proper rhythm and grace? Were they artistically and securely fitted together? Were they briskly alive, or were they full of fuzz and ragged edges? Were

38、 they likely to make things happen inside the mind of the reader, igniting the imagination and touching off all sorts of new anticipations? These questions are relevant not only for the established novelist but for anyone who attaches value to words as a medium of expression and communication.E. B.

39、White, whose respect for the environment of good writing is exceeded by no word-artist of our time, would rather have his fingers cut off than to be guilty of handling words lightly. No sculptor chipping away at a granite block in order to produce a delicate curve or feature has labored more painsta

40、kingly than White in fashioning a short paragraph. Obviously, we cant expect our schools to make every Johnny into a White or a Flaubert or a Mann, but it is not unreasonable to expect more of them to provide the conditions that promote clear, careful, competent expression. Certainly the cumulative

41、effort of the school experience should not have to be undone in later years.35. According to the passage, competence in writing is _. A. an art that takes practice B. a skill that requires dexterity C. a technique that is easy to learn D. a result of the spontaneous flow of words36. The main purpose

42、 of the passage is to _. A. present an original ideaB. describe a new processC. argue against an established practiceD. comment on a skill and its techniques37. Our schools, according to the passage, _. A. are providing proper conditions for good writingB. should not stress writing speed on a testC.

43、 should give essay tests rather than multiple-choice testsD. teach good writing primarily through reading38. In describing White as a “word-artist,” the author means that White _. A. illustrated his storiesB. was colorful in his descriptionsC. was a great writerD. had artistic background39. It can b

44、e inferred from the passage that the author values good literature primarily for its ability to _. A. relieve the boredom of everyday lifeB. communicate ideas and experiencesC. accurately describe events as they occurD. provide individuals with skills for successText CThe American university is a di

45、rect descendant from the ancient universities in Europe. These are the oldest institutions, aside from the church itself, in Western civilization. They have survived many periods of trouble, of revolution, and of persecution. But the tradition of learning and of scholarly inquiry has lived on.Yet th

46、ere are shortsighted people today who are saying that the modern university has outlived its usefulness; that it must be overthrown and replaced by something else whose nature is unspecified.Remember, however, that there have been many occasions during the last 700 years when people said that univer

47、sities were irrelevant or that it was wrong for them to pursue long-term goals in the face of immediate and pressing problems. Fortunately, there have been stouthearted souls who insisted that the search for knowledge would never be outdated by current events and we can all be eternally thankful tha

48、t the forces of ignorance were so often defeated. They must be defeated again.Knowledge and the search for knowledge have persisted through the centuries to the enormous benefit of human beings. The world may be troubled and distressed today but think how much better off the people in this country a

49、re now than they were 50 years ago or 100 years ago and how much better off they are than the millions of people in countries which have not benefited from the progress of knowledge. We in the Western world have encouraged scientific discovery and its application intensively for 200 years to our vas

50、t material benefit. Today we are at a turning point. We can now use our stores of wealth and of knowledge as tools to solve the new problems which now beset our modern society.What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about meeting our current problems?First,

51、 we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world troubles. Quite the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people.Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more consid

52、erably used, can be of greater service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.Third, we can recognize th

53、at much of the dissatisfaction which we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so eminently successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people but we

54、 are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have illuminated many sources of environmental deterioration but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our rising expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress.Granted that many of our current probl

55、ems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than by science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better housing, better medical care, more adequate welfar

56、e programs, purer foods, conservation of resources, and many other areas.The discovery and use of knowledge have always been relevant to a humane future. They are equally relevant today.40.The author is primarily concerned with the _. A. answers to current problemsB. defense of the search for scient

57、ific knowledgeC. problems of our nations universitiesD. moral obligations of technology41. According to the author, a belief exists that much of our national dissatisfaction is due to the _. A. emphasis of science on material goalsB. irrelevancy of many of our modern universitiesC. failures of scien

58、tists to solve modern day problems as quickly as they solved problems of the pastD. improper use of past discoveries in science and technology42.It is the feeling of the author that the place of science in solving the problem of pollution will be _. A. on the same level as social and political influ

59、encesB. the only thing needed to solve the problem successfullyC. the frontrunner in developing new methods of approaching the problemD. overshadowed by other areas of knowledge43. It is suggested that science has been most successful in _. A. developing material benefitsB. solving problems of world

60、wide concernC. preparing America for a humane futureD. controlling technology as a means of preventing serious problems44. It is stated that science contributed to all of the following EXCEPT _. A. a better lifeB. peaceC. healthD. a better environmentText DSuppose you go into a fruiterers shop, want