談如何增進(jìn)英語寫作能力

1、 談如何增進(jìn)英語寫作能力 教授義守大學(xué)應(yīng)用英語系/所 Outline:Comprehensible Input TheoryFree-Writing ApproachGrammar-Syntax-Organization ApproachConclusion 96/12/191I. Comprehensible Input Theory 1 提倡者：Dr. Krashen (1984) 定義：不知不覺中漸漸地獲得(acquire)正確的 文法、拼字及寫作格式 目的：在潛移默化中獲得正確的寫作格式及用 法，以增進(jìn)英語寫作能力 方法：多閱讀各種題材的讀物2 2 II. Free-Writing A

2、pproach 定義：盡可能地寫，不需太注重文法、用字 及格式的正確性 目的：以英文來流暢地表達(dá)思緒 方法：天天用英文寫日記 (journal writing) 但無法學(xué)得正確的英文寫作模式!3 3III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach 定義：注重文法、結(jié)構(gòu)、用字及格式的正確性 目的：了解西方的英文寫作模式及組織架構(gòu) 方法：須具備基本的英文基礎(chǔ)，如：單字、文 法結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作模式等 該如何起草文章?4III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach1. Brainstorming: 與小組成員腦力激盪，討論與 主題相關(guān)之

3、major points2. Listing: 將所討論之major points逐條式列出3. Making an Outline: 用key words，將列出的major points組織於大綱內(nèi)4. Freewriting: 根據(jù)大綱，盡情地以英文來表達(dá) 該如何寫出正確的英文寫作格式? 45 5 What Is a Paragraph? consists of one central idea What Does a Paragraph Look Like? give a title indent the first line with 5 spaces capitalize the

4、first word end each sentence with a periodIII. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach6 6 What Does a Paragraph Progress? begins with a topic (main idea) sentence e.g. Convenience foods are easy to prepare. followed by major points expanded with additional details/examples connected with transitional w

5、ords concluded by a concluding sentenceIII. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approachtopiccontrolling idea7 7 Automobile accidents occur for a variety of reasons. First, poor weather conditions are often responsible. When the roads are snowy, icy or wet, it is more difficult to control a car. Accidents c

6、an also happen when certain parts of the automobile malfunction. Faulty brakes and defective tires, for example, have been blamed for many mishaps. But the most common cause of accidents is driver error. A careless, sleepy, or drunk driver is not fully alert and runs a high risk of having an acciden

7、t.III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization ApproachTopic sentenceTransitional wordMajor point 1exampleMajor point 2exampleMajor point 3exampleLack a concluding sentenceTransitional wordTransitional word8 8 What Is an Essay? a piece of writing with several paragraphs What Does an Essay Consist of? an introdu

8、ctory paragraph a body a concluding paragraphIII. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach9 9 Introductory Paragraph A few general statements A thesis statementIII. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach* provide background information* attract readers attention * like a topic sentence to give overall pla

9、n of the essay * like a map to give directions * usually the last sentence10 A person born in the twentieth century has seen a lot of changes take place in almost all areas of human life. Some people are excited by the challenges that these changes offer; others want to return to the simpler, less a

10、utomated life style of the past. Living in the twentieth century has certain advantages such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages such as a polluted environment, the depersonalization of human relationships, and the weakening of spiritual values. 10III. Grammar-Syntax-O

11、rganization ApproachGeneral statementsThesis statementMajor point 1Major point 2Major point 3Major point 411 11 Body Subdivision of the topic Like the major points of a paragraphIII. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach12 12I. IntroductionII. BodyIII. BodyIV. BodyV. ConclusionPARAGRAPH ESSAY13 Concl

12、uding Paragraph A summary of the major pointsOR a restatement of the thesis statement in different words Personal comments or opinionsIII. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach 1314III. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach In conclusion, although the twentieth century has indeed given us a lot of adv

13、antages by making us richer, healthier and freer to enjoy our lives, it has, in my opinion, not made us wiser. The twentieth century has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spiritual lives poorer. We should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancements because

14、 they free us to pursue our interests and goals. However, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, computerized worlds.14Transitional wordRestatement of major