電機應(yīng)用技術(shù)英文

1、The Basic Of DC MotorIn any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. Acurrent-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to thecurrent in the conductor, and to the strength of the ext

2、ernal magnetic field. The internal configuration of aDCmotor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between acurrent-carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational motion.在任何一個電動機中，它的運行是基于簡單的電磁學(xué)。一個載流導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)生電磁場，當(dāng)這個導(dǎo)體放置在一個外部磁場中時，它將會在導(dǎo)體中產(chǎn)生一個正比于電流的力，并對外部磁場也有作用。直流電機內(nèi)部配置是利用

3、磁性載流導(dǎo)體的相互作用和外部磁場來產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn)運動來設(shè)計。Lets start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a North polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a South polarization). 我們先看一個簡單的雙極型直流電機(這里紅色代表一塊“北”極化的磁鐵,而綠色代表了一塊“南”極化的磁鐵)EveryDCmotor has six bas

4、ic parts - axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes. In most common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced by high-strength permanent magnets. The stator is the stationary part of the motor - this includes the motor casing, as well as two or more pe

5、rmanent magnet pole pieces. The rotor (together with the axle and attached commutator) rotate with respect to the stator. The rotor consists of windings (generally on a core), the windings being electrically connected to the commutator. The above diagram shows a common motor layout - with the rotor

6、inside the stator (field) magnets. 每一個直流電機有六個基本零件軸、轉(zhuǎn)子(又稱為電樞)、定子、換向器、場磁鐵(s)和電刷。在大多數(shù)普通直流電機中，磁場是由高強度永久磁鐵產(chǎn)生的。定子是靜止不動的部分這包括電機外殼,以及兩個或兩個以上的永磁桿片。轉(zhuǎn)子(連同車軸及附件) 相對定子旋轉(zhuǎn)。轉(zhuǎn)子又由繞組 (一般是在一個核心)組成,各繞組之間被電連接到換向器。上圖顯示的是一種常見的電機的轉(zhuǎn)子內(nèi)部布局定子(場)的磁鐵 The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are such th

7、at when power is applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnet(s) are misaligned, and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the stators field magnets. As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the next commutator contacts, and energize the next wind

8、ing. Given our example two-pole motor, the rotation reverses the direction ofcurrentthrough the rotor winding, leading to a flip of the rotors magnetic field, driving it to continue rotating.成幾何形狀的電刷、換向器和轉(zhuǎn)子繞組就是如此,當(dāng)給電機供電時, 通電繞組和定子磁鐵的極性是不一致的,且轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)直到它幾乎與定子磁鐵相對齊。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子達到對齊，電刷移到下一個換向器,并激發(fā)下一個繞組。鑒于我們的例子雙極電機，轉(zhuǎn)

9、動翻轉(zhuǎn)的方向與流過轉(zhuǎn)子繞組的電流方向相反,導(dǎo)致了轉(zhuǎn)子磁場的“翻轉(zhuǎn)”、使得它繼續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn)。 In real life, though,DCmotors will always have more than two poles (three is a very common number). In particular, this avoids dead spots in the commutator. You can imagine how with our example two-pole motor, if the rotor is exactly at the middle of its ro

10、tation (perfectly aligned with the field magnets), it will get stuck there. Meanwhile, with a two-pole motor, there is a moment where the commutator shorts out the power supply .This would be bad for the power supply, waste energy, and damage motor components as well. Yet another disadvantage of such a simple motor is that it would exhibit a high amount oftorqueripple (the amount oftorqueit could produce is cyclic with the position of the rotor). 在現(xiàn)實生活中,雖然、直流電機總會有超過兩個極點(3是一個很常見的數(shù)字)。特別是,這就避免