高中英語主謂一致用法自己整理

1、關(guān)于高中英語主謂一致的用法自己整理第一張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致的定義主謂一致是指謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語語法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很大的地方。第二張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致的三大原則 一、語法一致原則 二、意義一致原則 三、就近原則第三張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、語法一致原則主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each ot

2、her.第四張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、意義一致主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.第五張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、就近原則就近原則即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語。例如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 第六張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致三原則：語法一致：單單復(fù)復(fù)意義

3、一致：形單意復(fù)復(fù): people police 形復(fù)意單單:news maths就近一致：not onlybut also等第七張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月由and連接兩個名詞時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(both and)The mother and father speak a little English .2. 代詞做主語every, each, either, no+單數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。Every girl wants to look beautiful.No one knows all their names.語法一致第八張，PPT共五十八頁，

4、創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(2) all 表復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；all 表單數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。All planets do not have a satellite.All is not gold that glitters. (3)None of 做主語時，如果其后的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果是可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。None of the water was left.(水一點也沒剩。)None of the students has/have ever been to the island.(學(xué)生中誰也沒去過那個島。)第九張，PPT共五十八

5、頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月語法一致1.主語+with (together with, along with,), as well as, including, rather than, besides, except, but, in addition to, other than ,like ,not ect.結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語與主語一致第十張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)1Serving the people is my great happiness.2When we deliver the goods hasnt been decide

6、d.3When and where we will go hasnt been decided.*但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的句子做主語，若后面是 “be +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語隨名詞變化。Eg:1.)What you did was right. 2.)What you need are these dictionaries.第十一張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.定語從句中,“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”從句的謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)。 若在one of 前有the, the only, the very修飾時，從句的謂語動詞則用單數(shù)。Eg:1.)She is one of these wo

7、men who _the violin well.2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.playplays第十二張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which時，從句謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。Eg: I, who _your teacher, will teach you everything I know.am第十三張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語時，則that/who后面的謂語動詞應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語一致eg: 1.)It

8、 is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class.2.)It was I rather than they that _ punished by the boss.helpswas第十四張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.half of./the rest of./part of/plenty of/分?jǐn)?shù)（%）+of.等作主語，謂語動詞隨of后的名詞而變化。第十五張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 意義一致1.由and連接的并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時 and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。 E

9、g.1.) The writer and teacher is her uncle .2.) A poet and artist is coming to deliver a speech.3.) My classmate and friend _going to pay a visit to me.4.) A fork and knife is on the table.5.)War and peace is often peoples topic.is第十六張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 a knife and fork一副刀叉; bread and butter加黃油的面包;

10、 coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡; whisky and soda 汽水 salt and water 鹽水 a needle and thread針線; a horse and cart四輪馬車; a watch and chain表鏈; a coat and tie;配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣 war and peace戰(zhàn)爭與和平; truth and honesty;真誠 medical help and cure；藥物治療aim and end 目的第十七張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. and連接的兩個或多個主語前如有each, every, no, many a(許多

11、）等修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。Eg. 1.)Every tree and (every) flower is to be cut down.2.)No sound and no voice is heard.3.) Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.4.) In our country each boy and (each) girl has right to receive education. 第十八張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.表示時間，金錢，距離，重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示單位數(shù)量作主語時，被看作整體時謂語用單數(shù)。 eg: S

12、ixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough for him. Three thousand miles is a long distance. Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried.*如強(qiáng)調(diào)具體數(shù)目，則用復(fù)數(shù)。 One hundred cents make a dollar. More than fifty years have passed since they got married.第十九張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. “many a +單數(shù)名詞 /more tha

13、n one+單數(shù)名詞 /one and a half +單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)eg:1.) many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.2.)More than one student has turned up at the meeting.3.) One and a half banana was eaten by the boy.第二十張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.由some, any, every, no構(gòu)成的不定代詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)第二十一張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. each of/either

14、 of./one of謂語動詞用單數(shù).none of/neither of可單可復(fù)，根據(jù)說話人的意思決定；*但代表不可數(shù)名詞時，用單數(shù)eg: 1.)None of us are/is perfect. 2.) Neither of them know/knows the answer. 3.) None of this worries me. /None of this money is mine.*neither作形容詞時與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Neither statement was true.第二十二張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.主語是書名，劇名，報紙名，國名

15、等復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，仍為個體，謂語用單數(shù) The United States is a developed country.8.帶引號的詞語作主語，謂語單數(shù) “I” is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.第二十三張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月意義一致1.集合名詞family, class, team, group, crowd,audience, company, army, enemy, government,population作主語，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)若強(qiáng)調(diào)個體，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù) eg:書p52.集合名詞cattle,

16、clothes, people, the police表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)數(shù). people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples)第二十四張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.主語是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞deer, sheep, fish魚,series系列, species物種, means手段, works工廠, aircraft飛行器, ect.時，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come into effect.4.以-s結(jié)尾的一些詞the Olympic G

17、ames,manners, remains, earnings, belongings, goods,surroundings, winnings, leavings, ect.表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)第二十五張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.physics, politics, mathematics等一些以“-ics”結(jié)尾的詞，指學(xué)科時屬單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eg. 1.) Physics is not difficult to learn.2.)Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school.注：若指某學(xué)科能

18、力，成績，應(yīng)用等或非學(xué)科含義時被看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 My mathematics are week. What are your politics政治信仰/見解?第二十六張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)， *但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等詞語修飾時，謂語動詞與pair, suit等一致，用單數(shù)。Eg.1) My trousers are very nice.

19、2)A pair of shoes is under the bed. 第二十七張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞而定。 Eg:1.)Which is more valuable, health or wealth?2.)Which are prettier, these or those?3.) we had some paper, but the rest was

20、 put back.第二十八張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月*the +adj.表示一類抽象概念時，謂語也單數(shù) The new is sure to replace the old. The complicate is difficult to understand.8. “the+形容詞”做主語時，表示一類人或物時，謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)；表示具體一個個體時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)。Eg.1) The young are better at learning new things. 2) The young is my uncle.第二十九張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月就近一致第三十張

21、，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月就近一致第三十一張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月兩個或兩個以上做主語的單數(shù)名詞用and連接，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Tom and Dick _ (be) good friends.但若表示一個集合體時則用單數(shù)。A singer and dancer _ (be) present at the party.The worker and writer _ (be) talking to the students.Bread and butter _ (taste) good.(a needle and thread,a horse and cart,a wat

22、ch and chain,a coat and tie,truth and honesty,medical help and cure)arewasistastes第三十二張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2用 and 連接的兩個名詞若被 no, each, every, many a 修飾，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。No bird and no beast _ (be) seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment.At Christmas each boy a

23、nd each girl _(be) given a present.ishasis第三十三張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3兩個主語由not onlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor等連接時，謂語動詞與第二個主語保持一致Either he or I _ (be) to go there._ (be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?amAre第三十四張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.主語后有as well as, like, with, together with, but,

24、except, besides,等，謂語應(yīng)于前面主語保持一致A professor, together with some students, _ (be) sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.wasis第三十五張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5一些集合名詞做主語，如果看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)如audience, committee，class(班級),crew（全體船員或機(jī)組人員), family, government, p

25、ublic(公眾)等，但people, police, cattle等只能用復(fù)數(shù)My family _ (be) a big family.My family _ (be) listening to the radio.The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.isareare第三十六張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞 有些集體名詞，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽),)等，通常作復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。例如：Domestic cattle _(provide) us

26、 with milk, beef and vide第三十七張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞 有一些集體名詞，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise (商品)，clothing 通常作不可數(shù)名詞，隨后的動詞用單數(shù)。例如：The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.hasis第三十八張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月8表示時間、重量、長

27、度等名詞，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但作為一個整體看，謂語還是用單數(shù)。Five minutes _ (be) enough.One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has. isis第三十九張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9. all 作為主語，代表人物時，一般用作復(fù)數(shù)；代表整個事件或情況時，一般 看作單數(shù)。All that I want _ (be) a good dictionary.All _ (be) silent. 人人都緘口無言。萬籟俱寂。All _ (be) out of danger.iswerewere第四十張，P

28、PT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10 形容詞加定冠詞 the 表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 What a life the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old.第四十一張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月11who, which, that 作定語從句的主語時，其謂語取決于先行詞。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam.

29、 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.第四十二張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 12. 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics(物理學(xué))、mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))、mechanics(機(jī)械學(xué))、politics(政治學(xué))、statistics(統(tǒng)計學(xué))、economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))、linguistics(語言學(xué)）athlet-ics(體育學(xué))、等，通常作單數(shù)用。例如：第四十三張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月13.其他以-s結(jié)尾的名詞英語中有一些由兩個部

30、分組成的物體名稱通常是以-s結(jié)尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(鉗子)，glasses(眼鏡），shorts(短褲)，trousers(褲子)，suspenders(吊褲帶)等。這一類名詞，如果不帶一把、一副、一條等單位詞而單獨使用，通常作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：如果帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.第四十四張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月14.以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the United States,the United Nations,the

31、 Netherlands等，盡管帶有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，但系單一政治實體，故作單數(shù)用。但若不是國名，而是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱、通常作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如：The West Indies,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas（喜馬拉雅山脈) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.第四十五張，PPT共五

32、十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月15.英語中還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，如:arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(內(nèi)容，目錄) fireworks(煙火), goods(貨物), minutes(記錄), morals(道德，品行), remains(遺體), stairs(樓梯), suburbs (郊區(qū)), thanks(謝意), wages(工資)等，通常作復(fù)數(shù)。第四十六張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 16.凡是由-ings結(jié)尾的名詞，如: clippings (剪下來的東西), diggings (掘出的東西), earnings (收入), filin

33、gs (銼屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (環(huán)境), sweepings (掃攏的垃圾) 等, 通常作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.The sweepings of the godown(倉庫) have been disposed of.第四十七張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月17. 還有一些以-s接的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如: headquarters(總部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(種類), works(工廠)等，隨后動

34、詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于這些名稱是作單數(shù)，還是用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A headquarters was set up to direct the operation (指揮作戰(zhàn)). Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (訴諸武力).第四十八張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月18. remains用于遺體意義時，隨后的動詞通常作復(fù)數(shù)：His remains lie in the churchyard.The martyrs remains were buri

35、ed at the foot of the hill.但作遺跡或剩余物解釋時，可作復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)用：Here is the remains of a temple.The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.第四十九張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月19.如果作主語的名詞詞組由“分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+of-詞組”構(gòu)成，其動詞形式依of-詞組中名詞類別而定。例如：Two thirds of the swampland(沼澤地) _ (have) been reclaimed(開墾).Over sixty per cent of the city

36、 _ (be) destroyed in the war.Thirty-five per cent of the doctors _ (be) women.has waswere第五十張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月20.如果主語是all of .,some of .,none of .,half of .,most of .等表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組，其后的動詞形式依of-詞組中的名詞類別而定。例如：Most of the money _ recovered by Deputy Player.Most of the members _ there.All of the cargo

37、_ lost.All of the crew _ saved.waswerewaswere第五十一張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月21.兩數(shù)相減或相除，動詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Forty minus fifteen (40-15) leaves twenty-five.Forty divided by eight (40/8) is five.Seven and five (7+5) makes/make twelve.Five times eight (5+8) is /are forty.第五十二張，PPT共五十八頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月22.如果主語是由“a kind/sort/type of ,this kind/sort/type of +名詞”構(gòu)成，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：This kind of man annoys me.但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定詞是these/those,同時，of-詞組中的名詞又是復(fù)數(shù)，則動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：These kinds of men annoy me.Those types/sorts of machines are up to date. 第五十