英語中常用介詞in、on、at、to的用法口訣

1、v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改10優(yōu)優(yōu)在線:優(yōu)優(yōu)地址：文化大廈 10優(yōu)優(yōu)在線:優(yōu)優(yōu)地址：文化大廈 A座2914優(yōu)優(yōu)電話：0 英語中常用介詞in、on、at、to的用法區(qū)別介詞是英語用詞中的一大項，涉及面較廣且用法也較靈活，所以記起來很是麻煩，下面我把一些習(xí)慣用的介詞作了一個小節(jié)，供以參考。早、午、晚要用in , at黎明、午夜、點與分。年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周，陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in。將來日態(tài)in.以后，小處at大處in。有形with無形by,語言、單位、材料 in。特征、方面與方式，心情成語慣用in。介，sj at和to表方向，攻擊、位置、惡、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、

2、午、晚，收音、農(nóng)場、值日on,關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論。著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，準(zhǔn)。特定時日和“一就”， on后常接動名詞。年、月、日加早、午、晚， of之前on代in。步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on, cab, carriage 則用in。at山腳、門口、在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落、價、核心。如大體掌握上面介詞用法口訣，就不易出錯。當(dāng)然，至于介詞的詳盡用法， 同形詞又是連詞及副詞等內(nèi)容此篇不講。下面對該口訣分別舉例幫助你理解消化。早、午、晚要用inin the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天例：in the afternoon 在下午in the morning 在早

3、上at黎明、午、夜、點與分例at dawn at daybreak 在黎明時候at night 在夜間at noon 在中午at midnight 在午夜以上短語都不用冠詞at nine oclock 在 9 點鐘at 8 : 30 seven thirty 在 8 點半at half past ten 在 10 點半at nine fifteen 在 9 點 15 分at ten thirty .在上午 10 點 30 分也可以寫成seven to five 5 點差7分半小時以上five minutes after two 2 點過 5 分at the weekend 在周末at a qu

4、arter to two 1 點 45 分年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周in 。即在“來年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月”但在某年某月某日則用on in 。例：in 1989 在 1989 年in 1927 在 1927 年in March 在三月in April 在四月in December 1986 在 1986 年 12 月in July l984 在 1984 年 7 月in the first week of this semester這學(xué)期的第一周in the third week在第三周in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在

5、冬季陽光、燈、影、衣、冒inin 。in 。例：Dont write in dim light.切勿在暗淡的燈光下寫字。They are reviewing their lessons in thebright light.他們在明亮的燈光下復(fù)習(xí)功課。They are playing in the shade of a tree.他們坐在樹陰下玩耍。a prisoner in irons帶著鐐銬的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at thestation.他冒雨到車站去接我。The poor in rags in old society.舊社會窮人們衣衫襤褸.

6、以及：in the bright sunlight在明亮的陽光下a merchant in disguise喬裝的商人the woman in white black red yellow穿著白黑、紅、黃 色衣服的婦女in uniform穿著制服in mourning穿著喪服in red shoes 穿著紅色鞋in his shirt sleeves穿著襯衫將來日態(tài)in.以后例 They will come back in 10 days.他們將10天以后回來。Ill come round in a day or two.我一兩天就回來。Well be back in no time.我們一會

7、兒就回來。Come and see me in three days time.三天后來看我。從現(xiàn)在開始after.從過去開始小處at大處in李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound all is well. Dont worry.李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山縣，一切很好，勿念。I live in a great city big city my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.住在大城市，我姐姐住在一個小城鎮(zhèn)，而我的父母則住

8、在農(nóng)村。Im in Liaoning at Ashcan.我住在遼寧省鞍山市 .有形with無形by,語言、單位、材料in例：The workers are paving a road with stone.工人們正用石子鋪路。有形The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.這位教師正用支新筆批改論文。有形 Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy is a good opera.智取威虎山是一出好戲。無形The product is separated by distillation into gasolin

9、e and gas oil.這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸儲分離出氣油和粗柴油。表示方式、手段、方法，無形I really cant express my idea in English freely indeed.我確實不能用英語流利地表達(dá)我的思想。表示某種語言用inI wrote a novel in Russian.我用俄語寫了一本小說。同上The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最長的長度單位。表示度、量、衡單位的用inThe length is measured in meter kilometer

10、 and centimeter.長度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來計算的。同上This board was cast in bronze not in silver .這個牌匾是銅鑄的，不是銀制的。特征、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用in特征或狀態(tài):例 They found the patient in a coma.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)。The Democratic Party was then in power.那時民主黨執(zhí)政。He has not been in good health for some years.他幾年來身體一直不好。Many who came in despair we

11、nt away in hope.許多人帶著絕望情緒而來，卻滿懷希望而去。The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最長的長度單位。表示度、量、衡單位的用inThe length is measured in meter kilometer and centimeter.長度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來計算的。同上This board was cast in bronze not in silver .這個牌匾是銅鑄的，不是銀制的。特征、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用in特征或狀態(tài):例 They fou

12、nd the patient in a coma.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)。The Democratic Party was then in power.那時民主黨執(zhí)政。He has not been in good health for some years.他幾年來身體一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope.許多人帶著絕望情緒而來，卻滿懷希望而去。The house was in ruins.這房屋成了廢墟。The poor girl was in tears.這個可憐的女孩淚流滿面。Her clothes were in rags.

13、她的衣跟穿破了。His shoes were in holes.他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun.我說這話只是開玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger.與其說她講得很氣憤，不如說她講得很傷心。還有一些短語也用in ,如:in jest詼諧地，in joke 開玩笑地，in fairness 公正地，in spite惡意地，in revenge 報復(fù) in mercy 寬 大，in sorrow 傷心地等。His mind was in great confusion.他月百子里很舌 L。Today everybody

14、is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都興高采烈, 沒有個情緒彳氐落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages.她和她的同學(xué)都正值妙齡。The campaign was in full swing. 運(yùn)動正值高潮中。方面：例：we accepted the item in principle.我們在原則上接受了這個條款。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.這個落后的地區(qū)在糧食方面已能自給。A good teacher

15、must be an example in study.一個好的教師必須是學(xué)習(xí)的模范。They are never backward in giving their views.他們從來不怕發(fā)表自己的意見。方式：黨一貫以愛國主義例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.所有報告者B用速記記錄下來了。黨一貫以愛國主義The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.和國際主義精神教育我們。如下成語慣用in例：in all 總計in

16、 advance 事前in addition to 除 以外in the meantime與此同時in place 適當(dāng)?shù)豬n hopes of 或 in the hope of 懷著 希望in connection with 和 有關(guān)in contact with 和聯(lián)系in case of 倘若，萬一in conflict with 和 沖突in force有效的，大批in depth徹底地in regard to 關(guān)于in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近in retrospect 回顧，一想起in alarm 驚慌、擔(dān)心in behalf of代表 利益in the

17、least一點，絲毫in the opinion of 據(jù) 見解in the long run 從長遠(yuǎn)說來in ones opinion 在 看來in a word 總之in word口頭上in vain無益地白白地in case 如果，萬一，以防in detail 詳細(xì)地in haste急急忙忙地in conclusion 總之in spite of 盡管in other words. 換句話說in love 戀愛中in debt 負(fù)債in fun jest 、joke 玩笑地in hesitation猶豫不決in wonder 在驚奇中in return 作為回報in the name o

18、f 以 名義be confident in 有信心、be interested in 感興趣in doubt 懷疑in public secret公開他秘密地in a good humor 心情情緒好介，sj at、to表方向，攻擊、位置、善、惡、分to表示方向時，突出運(yùn)介，sj at和to都可以表示方向。用 atto表示方向時，突出運(yùn)動的位置或動作的對象，側(cè)重表示善意。試比較下列各句：A. She came at me.她向我撲過來。B. She came to me.她向我走過來。A. Jake ran at John.杰克向約翰撲過去。Jake ran to John.杰克朝約翰跑去。A

19、. He rushed at the woman with a sword.他拿著劍向那婦女撲過去。B. He rushed to the woman with a sword.他帶著劍向那婦女跑過去。A. She shouted at the old man.她大聲喝斥那老人。B. He shouted to the old man.他大聲向那老人說A. I heard her muttering at Xiao Li.我聽見她在抱怨小李。B. I heard her muttering to Xiao Li.我聽見她在同小李低聲說話。A. He talked at you just now

20、.他剛才還說你壞話呢。B. She talked to you just now.她剛才還同你談話呢.。A. She threw a bone at the dog.她用一塊骨頭砸狗。She threw a bone to the dog.她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃。8. A. He presented a pistol at me.他用手槍對著我。B. He presented a pistol to me.他贈送我一支手槍。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚以下皆用on例 on October the first 1949 1949 年 10 月 1 日on February the thirt

21、eenth l893 1893年 2 月13日on May the first 5 月 1 日on the sixteenth 16 號on the first 1 號on the second of January 或on January the second 1 月 2 日on a summer evening在夏天的個夜晚on Boxing Day 在節(jié)禮日圣誕節(jié)次日on New Years Day 在元旦on my birthday 在我的生日但 in the Christmas holidays在圣誕節(jié)假期 in the eighteenth century在十八世紀(jì) in anci

22、ent times 在古代 in earlier times 在早期 in modern times在現(xiàn)代，貝U用 in , the present time 現(xiàn)在，at the present day當(dāng)今則用at。on May Day 在五 一節(jié)on winter day 在冬天on December 12th 1950 l950 年 12 月 12 日on Monday在星期一on Sunday 在星期天on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨on Saturday afternoon星期六下午on Friday evening 星期五晚上但last night 昨夜；in the

23、 evening 在晚上on time 準(zhǔn)時，in time 及時，等則不同。年月日，加早午晚，of之前on代in例：on the morning of 18th 18 日早晨on the evening of 4th 4 日 晚上On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech.他們在臨行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會，他們的團(tuán)長發(fā)表了告別講話。收音、農(nóng)場，值日on例： Did your supervisor like the story over or o

24、n the radio last night您的導(dǎo)師喜歡昨天從收音機(jī)里聽到的故事嗎I heard the news over or on the radio.我從收音機(jī)里聽到了這一條消息。talk over the radio 由無線電播音on TV從電視里Hear something on the wireless在無線電里聽到My brother works on an Army reclamation farm.我哥哥在一個軍墾農(nóng)場工作。The students are working on a school farm.學(xué)生們正在校辦農(nóng)場勞動。This is a farmers hous

25、e on a farm.這是農(nóng)場的農(nóng)舍。Who is on duty today今天誰值日We go on duty at 8 a.m.我們上午8點鐘上班。關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論例 This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我們要聽關(guān)于國際形勢的報告。Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.沈教授將給我們做關(guān)于美國之行的報告。You are wrong on all these issues.

26、在這些問題上你的看法都錯了。The belief is based on practical experience.這種信念是以實際經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)的。Theory must be based on practice.理論必須以實踐為基礎(chǔ)。The people in the south live on rice.南方人主食大米?？縏he citizens live on their salaries.城市人靠薪金生活。You cant afford luxuries on an income of 100 Yuan a month.靠月薪 100 元的收入，你是買不起奢侈品的。Her pet dog

27、s were fed on the choicest food.她用精飼料喂養(yǎng)她心愛的狗。He is just a scrounger who lives on other people.他正是個小偷,?？繐p害另1J人過日子。Keep the kettle on the boil =boiling .讓水壺的水一直開著。The enemy are on the run =running .敵人在逃跑。on后接the加上一個作名詞的動詞.其意義與現(xiàn)在分詞所表達(dá)的相近。類似例子很多如：on the march 在行軍中， on the mend 在好轉(zhuǎn)中， on the prowl 徘徊，on t

28、he move 活動中， on the scrounge 巧 取豪奪埋語 ，on the go 活躍，忙碌，on the lookout 注意，警戒，on the watch 監(jiān)視著。on the hop 趁不備抓 住某人等等。on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship實踐論和矛盾論on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship論人民民主專政 on Coalition Government 論聯(lián)合政府著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、準(zhǔn)注：口訣中的著指著火，罷指罷工，偷指偷偷地，公指出差、辦公事；假指休假，準(zhǔn)指準(zhǔn)時。例：

29、The house next to mine was on fire.我鄰居的房子著火了。The workers of the railway station were on strike.鐵路工人罷工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sin kiang are on sale on a large sale.新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。do something on the sly quiet .秘密地暗地里，偷偷地做某事。Ive come here on business.我是有公事來的。They went to Bern on a mission.他們到

30、伯爾尼去執(zhí)行一項使命。They has been away on a long trip.他們出去做一次長途旅行。Ill go home on leave next month.下月我將休假回家。I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave.我是公出去上海的，不是不告面別。She came to see you on purpose.她是專程來看你的。He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.他至U這來是要與你討論這件事的。This lunch is on me. No. lets

31、go Dutch. “這頓午飯我付錢。”“不，還是各付各的”O(jiān)n the contrary it was very easy to understand.相反， 這事兒很容易理解。Please come on time. on schedule .請準(zhǔn)時來。注：in time 是及時的意思。The train arrived on schedule.火車準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。特定時間和“一就”，左右on后動名詞例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling.氣體加熱時膨脹，冷卻時收縮。特定時間On entering the room he found h

32、is friends dancing in high spirits.進(jìn)屋，他就發(fā)現(xiàn)他的朋友們在愉快地跳舞。On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang.一到城里他就給老楊打了一個電話。Ill write to him on hearing from you.我接到你的來信就給他寫信。一 就以及on the left right 向左向右，on the stair在臺階上等。步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on, cab, carriage 用in例：On foot步行on horse 騎馬on donkey 騎驢。He rode on blood flowing

33、from his side.他騎著馬，鮮血從腰部流下來。The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit.為趕上部隊，那位八路軍戰(zhàn)士騎馬日行百里。Go on horse back 騎馬去!You are having me on你和我開玩笑呢in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage 。at山腳、門口在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落價核心即在山腳下、在門口、在目前，速度、以 速率、溫度、在日落時、在 核心要用at。例： At the foot of the mountain there arethirty of our comrades.在山腳下，有我們30個同志。There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山腳下有一