英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)定義：1、音素 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中最小的發(fā)音單位。2、元音 發(fā)音時(shí)氣流在通路上不受發(fā)音器官的阻礙。3、輔音發(fā)音時(shí)氣流在通路上受到發(fā)音器官的阻礙。4、音節(jié)說(shuō)話時(shí)最小的語(yǔ)音片段。一個(gè)可以為單個(gè)元音（如 I/a?/）,或者一個(gè)元音加上一個(gè)或多個(gè)輔音（如tree /tri:/）。單詞可以根據(jù)音節(jié)數(shù)量分為：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞，雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。5、開音節(jié)以讀音為元音的字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，即輔音 十元音（如me, he等）；或以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾（如 name, come等）。6、閉音節(jié) 以一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾且中間只有一個(gè)元音，即元音+輔音（如it, pen, pick 等）。7、重讀 在雙音節(jié)或多

2、音節(jié)單詞中，有個(gè)音節(jié)必須讀得特別強(qiáng)而重，而其它音 節(jié)讀得相對(duì)弱而輕，這種現(xiàn)象就叫單詞重讀。用符號(hào)”表示。8、清音和濁音（輔音）發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)叫清輔音；聲帶振動(dòng)叫濁輔音。音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)一、英語(yǔ)共有48個(gè)音素，元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)、 、_兀首長(zhǎng)短：/i:/?/ /?:/ / ?/ /?:/ / ?/ /U:/?/大?。?e/ ?/ /a/ / ?/I 組：/e?/ /a ?/ / ?7U 組：/?/a ?/?組：/?/e ?/ / ?/清輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/f/9 / /s/ /?/ /t ?/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/濁輔音 /b/d/g/v/e/ /z/?/ /d ?/ /dr/

3、/dz/ /r/ /m/n/ /?/ 17/w/j/注：s與輔音元音里的爆破音結(jié)合時(shí)，通常是清輔音被濁化,/p/ /t/ /k/它們濁化后，分別發(fā)成：/b/ /d/ /g/26個(gè)字母在單詞中的具體發(fā)音eo/ei/ name able cake table take date/?/ apple cat map am match matter sad and angry/ a / dance last pass plant/?/ want what watch wash/?/ a arrive along alike aloud/i:/ he she me evening meter/e/ ele

4、phant egg bed pen best get empty February next then send/i/ enjoy English eleven because forest/ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind/i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting 川 dinner him listen pick river/?u / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano/?/ dog not clock box robot on from for

5、est often stop/?/ son month mother love young/u:/ who do whoseu/ju: / use usually excuse menu/?/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must/ u / put pull helpfulb /b/ book big bag boxc/k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes/s/face nice pencil city cinemad /d/ desk doll dog dad day don t

6、 dish does deepf /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funnyg/ / gun glass glad go get/d? / age orange villageh /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospital j/ d?/ jeep jacket jump Jan. July Junek /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake likel/l/ leg

7、 left ruler flag lamp longer relax play/l/ apple bowl tell old tail whalem /m/ am map my mouth milk n 1./n/ no know new hand/?/ thank think thing uncle swingp /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman q /kw/ quite quilt quickr/r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirro

8、r librarys/s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass/z/ nose those rose rulers seasont /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plantv /v/ five very seven village livew/w/we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter withx/ks/box six fox relaxy/ai /my fly wh

9、y bye/ j / yes yellow young yesterday/ i /happy baby very windy snowy studyz / z / zoo zero三、常見(jiàn)字母組合（一）元音組合ai /ei/ wait paintay /ei/ may play day sayair / & /air hair chairal /?: / tall small ballar / a : farther farm car armea /i:/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready/i?/ theaterear / i? / ear

10、hear near/ / bear/?:/ earthee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeepeir / s/?their er /?/ worker teacher /?:/ herere /i? here / &/Where thereew /ju: / new few /u: / flew grewight /ai / right high brightir/? / bird girl shirt thirtyoa/?u/ boat coatong /o?/ long songoo /u/ book foot good /u:/ moon balloonor /?：/

11、 short fork port /?: / word world workoor / ?:/ door floorore / ?：/ more store soreou /au/ out house mouthour/?:/ four your /auZ ourow /?u/ bowl window /au/ now cow floweroy/oi/ boy toyur/?: / turn（二）輔音組合th / 0 thank mouth / 8thi s that withtr /tr/ tree train truckdr/dr/ dress driversh/? shirt wash

12、shortch/t/ child chair catch / k / school Christmas / d 3 sandwichtw/tw/ two twin twentywh /w/ white wheel what /h/ who whose whomts /ts/ jackets kitesds /dz/ birds friends（三）特殊組合tion / question nation四、單詞重音（word stress ）英語(yǔ)單詞分為單音節(jié)詞，雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。含有一個(gè)元音音素的字母組合叫做一個(gè)音節(jié)，由一個(gè)音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫做單音節(jié)詞，如 bedb ?d, dadd? d.由兩個(gè)

13、音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫 雙音節(jié)詞，如funny f ?n? , famous fem ?s由兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)構(gòu)成的單詞叫 多音節(jié)詞，如delicious d ?l ?s英語(yǔ)單詞如果有一個(gè)以上的音節(jié)則有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)，由符號(hào)“”表示,如about ?baut。有的多音節(jié)詞有兩個(gè)重音，一個(gè)是主重音，一個(gè)是次重音，或兩個(gè)都是主 重音，次重音用符號(hào)，”表示，標(biāo)在次重音的左下方。如 anybody ?n?,b a d?|雙音節(jié)的重 音一般落在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，多音節(jié)的重音通常為倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)，如documentary ,d a kj?m?nt?r? , grandfather gr? nd,f ae?。四.句子重

14、音（sentence stress ）一個(gè)句子中，實(shí)詞（名詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞等）重讀；虛詞（冠詞, 介詞）不重讀。英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)練習(xí)題、口語(yǔ)練習(xí)（一）讀出下列單詞：/i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/bit/wi:k/ /di:l/ri ?l/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/p?k/ /g?p/ /tr? ?/ /n?g/ /r?m/ /b?tl/ /sed/ / h?pi/setl/ /di pend/ pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy

15、 settle depend/a:/ / ?:/ / ? / /u:/ /u/ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /st?:m/ mask past France storm / ?t/ /pr?mis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/n?:t/ /f?ks/ /s?k/ /fa:/ /la:d? / /ma:k/naught fox sock farlarge mark/mud/ / 0 ru:/ /pul/ /wud/thought promise loose took mood through pull wood/s?:f/ :t?/ beg?/t?k/?/ /? /?/d?l/

16、?ri/ /g?lf/ / ?tol/?:n/dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /k?:b/ /?:k/ /? merik /?k?/ / k?mp?/s? vei/ /p? veid/p? h?ps/curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps/ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /pr?p?uz/ / m?n/st?un/ / uv?/ /sait/m?ist/ / ?ist?/kape great mai

17、n propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ / taipist/ /aust/rhyme doubt typist/i?/ /? /u7oust moist oyster/vi?/?/ /d?/ /sk?/bu?n/ /gu?d/veer affair darescare bourngourd/ rr?l/ /? pi? /k?l?mbi?/rural appear Colombia/& /e/m?n 9 / / 9 i:f/ /e?t/e?n/fei 8 / /t? gee? / 9 ?k/e?m selvz/month thief tha

18、tthan faith together thankthemselves（二）、繞口令:A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed

19、blood.If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watch? Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch?She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashellsshe sells are seashells she is sure.二、筆頭練習(xí)：（一）.找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞()1. A. teaB. meatC. weatherD. beach()2. A. backB. fastC. haveD. map()3. A. warmB. gardenC. marketD. party()4. A. schoolB. toothC. chooseD.good()5. A. JuneB. rulerC. putD