2023屆上海市虹口區(qū)北虹高級中學(xué)高三第一次調(diào)研測試英語試卷含解析

1、2023屆高考英語模擬試卷請考生注意：1請用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上，請用05毫米及以上黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙上均無效。2答題前，認真閱讀答題紙上的注意事項，按規(guī)定答題。第一部分 （共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1Not until _ the better qualities in ourselves _ expect to find them in others.Ahave we developed; can weBwe have developed; that can weCwe have develo

2、ped; can weDcan we develop; that we will2The book is now out of print, _ it can easily be borrowed from libraries.Aand BforCso Dbut3To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a(n) _amount of effort.Amodest BmiserableCoptional Dtremendous4Advertising is different

3、 from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message .Ato deliverBdeliveredCto be deliveredDdelivering5They are smiling. There _ much trouble solving the problem.Acouldnt beBmustnt beCcant have beenDmustnt have been6The foreigners here are greatly impressed by the fact that

4、 _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Tianjin.A/; a B/; theCa; a Dthe; the7More competitive high-tech enterprises are investing in Nantong Central Innovation District, which will result in _ economic growth.AsustainableBadaptableCrecyclableDchangeable8Humans spend a lot of time

5、 and money on their pets and the pets give all they have _for that.Ain return Bin factCin short Din all9I am always delighted when receiving your invitation, _ the party on June 9th after the national college entrance examination, I shall be pleased to attend.AOn account ofBWith regard toCIn respons

6、e toDIn view of10We offered to pay our half of the cost that was needed to restore the shared doorway but Charles would have of it.AnothingBanythingCnoneDany11The new teacher was so well-organized that she began _ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.AwhenBin whichChowDwhere12 you star

7、t eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.AUnlessBAlthoughCBeforeDOnce13Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.Awho is heBwho he isCwho is itDwho it is14With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.Ais washing awayBis being washed away

8、Care washing awayDare being washed away15Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.AthatBwhyCwhereDwhose16I think her opinion _, because she is an experienced teacher.Anumber BcalculatesCfigures Dcounts17Like all parents in the world，we want you to g

9、row up in a world _ is full of love and kindness.AwhereBthatCwhenDwhat18Scientists have many theories about how the universe into being.AcameBwas comingChad comeDwould come19Pennys baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.Luckily for her. She _ sick or even di

10、ed.Acould have gotBshould have gotCmust have gotDwill have got20 -I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by ship for a change?Ato try goingBtrying to goCto try and goDtry going第二部分 閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21（6分） One day your pocket might power your smartphone Soon you may never h

11、ave to worry about your smartphone running out of juice Your clothing will simply power it back up for you Thats the word from scientists at Chinas Chongqing and Jinan Universities in a study just published in the journal ACS NanoResearchers have been hard at work during the last few years trying to

12、 create wearable energy， or clothes that can charge things The assumption is simple People today rely heavily upon devices such as smartphones and tablets And theyre looking for ways to recharge these devices on the go So if you could design clothing fabric that could make use of solar power -one of

13、 the most widely available and inexhaustible renewable energy sources - youd be able to charge your various devices with easeScientists have had some past success creating energy-harvesting fibers But there was always one problem when they tried to fashion these threads into self-powered smart cloth

14、es： The fibers they designed got damaged during the clothing manufacturing process， namely during the weaving and cutting The Chongqing and Jinan University scientists say theyve solved this problem because the energy-collecting and energy-storing threads they created are highly flexible - each indi

15、vidual thread is easily bendable， and not simply the fabric as a wholeThe teams sample textile can be fully charged to 1.2 volts in 17 seconds by exposure to sunlight - enough voltage that your future smart T-shirt or smart dress might be able to power small electronics Its durable， too； their resea

16、rch showed there was no descent in the fabric after 60 days But dont worry that this means the fabric is similar to rough cloth The scientists note their textile can be fashioned into numerous different patterns， and tailored into any designed shape， without affecting performance1、What does the unde

17、rlined phrase running out of juice in Paragraph 1 mean？ _ABeing lacking in energyBWanting to have some juiceCBeing picked out of a drinkDHaving some water running out2、Why could smart dress charge a phone？ _AA solar cell is attached to the dressBThe fabric of the textile contains currentCThe fabric

18、of the textile is easily bendableDThe fabric of the textile could collect and store the solar energy3、What is the scientists attitude towards the scientific technology？ _AOptimisticBPessimisticCNeutralDDoubtful4、This passage is written to _ Apersuade readers to buy new clothesBinform readers of the

19、ways to use their devicesCintroduce new wearable energy to readersDremind readers to wear smart clothes22（8分） Construction on Knollys Tunnel began in 1896， and it was opened on August 13th， 1898 by the man it was named after-Sir Clement C Knolly， Acting Governor of Trinidad It linked Rio Claro with

20、Port of Spain Its architecture is still admired and studied today， and many are amazed that Knollys Tunnel has stood up to the earths movement over so many yearsMuch research is being done on the tunnel At the top of Knollys Tunnel are cottages covered with leaves， where visitors can sit and enjoy t

21、he beauty of nature Standing at the beginning of Knollys Tunnel， you can see nothing but the tiny light at the end The train tracks have been removed and replaced with small stones Visitors can drive through the tunnel or walk through， but should do so in groups for safety In the old days， there wer

22、e no lights， but now there are street lights on the way to the tunnel， though not insideOn your way in， you may notice some manholes on the walls of the tunnel These were there for individuals to step into for safety as the train passed Knollys Tunnel can be accessed through Tabaquite and through Mi

23、tchell Gap The road was recently improved， but is better when you enter from Tabaquite， and there are signs on the road directing you to Knollys TunnelOn the drive to Knollys Tunnel there are two other cottages where visitors can sit and just enjoy nature At the site itself， there is nothing to purc

24、hase to eat or drink， but in Tabaquite there are several bars， a restaurant， and food outlets A gas station and a health centre are also close byFor those who admire architecture， Knollys Tunnel is a must-see when visiting Trinidad For the nature lovers， there is no better place for them to be and f

25、or the historians， they can walk or drive through Knollys Tunnel knowing that many of our ancestors toiled （worked hard） on its structure So when you visit Trinidad， dont forget to take a look at Knollys Tunnel!1、Knollys Tunnel is special in _ Aits environmentBits functionCits locationDits architect

26、ure2、The underlined word site in the paragraph 4 refers to _ ATrinidadBTabaquiteCMitchell GapDKnollys Tunnel3、What is the purpose of the passage？ _ATo suggest a visit to Knollys TunnelBTo introduce the history of Knollys TunnelCTo evaluate the value of Knollys TunnelDTo witness the change of Knollys

27、 Tunnel4、The passage above is probably taken from _ Aa geography textbookBa travel journalCa sports reportDa health and fitness magazine23（8分）Scientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin: How flowers evolved and spread to become the most important plants on Ear

28、th.Flowering plants, or angiosperms, make up about 90% of all living plant species. In the distant past, they outpaced (超過) plants such as conifers and fems (針葉植物和蕨類植物)，but how they did this has been a mystery. New research suggests it is due to genome (基因組) size.Hundreds of millions of years ago, t

29、he Earth was dominated (支配) by ferns and conifers. Then, about 150 million years ago, the first flowering plants appeared on the scene. They quickly spread to all parts of the world, changing the landscape from muted green to a variety of colours.Why angiosperms were successful and diverse on Earth

30、has been debated for centuries. Charles Darwin himself called it a“mystery”, fearing this apparent sudden leap might challenge his theory of evolution.Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California, US and other researchers wondered if the size of the plants genetic materialor genom

31、emight be important. They analysed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on the genome size of hundreds of plants, including flowering plants, gymnosperms (a group of plants including conifers) and fems. They then compared genome size with anatomical (結(jié)構(gòu)上的) features.This provides “strong evid

32、ence”, that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around he world is due to “genome downsizing.”By shrinking the size of the genome, which is contained within the nucleus of the cell, plants can build smaller cells. In tum, this allows greater carbon dioxide uptake (攝入)and carbon gain fro

33、m photosynthesis, the process by which plants use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.The researchers say genomedownsizing happened only in the angiosperms, and his was “a necessary condition for rapid growth rates among land plants”.1、What do you know about angiosper

34、ms?AThey are dominant plants on Earth.BThey are rare plants in South Africa.CThey are topical plants in South Asia.DThey are extinct plants in the world.2、It can be inferred that .ACharles Darwin was confident of his theory of evolutionBKevin Simonin is probably an American biologistCKev in Simonin

35、works in the Royal Botanic Gardens, KewDCharles Darwin succeeded in figuring out the flower evolution3、Which of the following contributed to the success and diversity of angiosperms?AThe weaker conifer.BThe larger nucleus.CThe smaller genome.DThe stronger cell.4、Which of the following is the best ti

36、tle?AHow Angiosperms Conquered the World?BW hat Puzzle Confused Even Charles Darwin?CWhy Gymnosperms Were Successful on Earth?DWhen Angiosperms Outpaced Conifers and Fems?24（8分）The wonderful experiment I am going to introduce proves that air is just all around and that it presses down upon us. Air p

37、ressure is a wonderful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, exten

38、ding to about five kilometers above the Earths surface.The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches. Now for the experiment！What you need:A hard-boiled egg without the shellA bottle with a neck slightly s

39、maller than the eggA piece of paperA matchMethod:1） Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle.2） Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle.3） Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle.4）Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle.Result:As

40、tonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches.Why it happenedAs the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen（air）in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so

41、 no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! This proves that air is all around and that it is pressin

42、g down on it.1、Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?AThe bottle could break.BYou need to light the paper with a match.CThe egg needs to be shelled.DThe egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle.2、In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can _.Ae

43、qualize the air pressure inside and outsideBmake a seal in the neck of the bottleCfinish up the oxygen inside the bottleDproduce more oxygen inside the bottle3、How was the egg put into the bottle?AThe oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.BIt became salt without the shell.CThe neck of the bottl

44、e was wide enough.DThe outside air pressure forced it into the bottle.25（10分）Conformity involves changing your behaviour to “fit in” or “go along” with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, o

45、r involve behaving in a particular way to be viewed as “normal” by the group. Actually, conformity is something that happens regularly in our social world. Sometimes were aware of our behaviour, but in many cases it happens without much thought or awareness on our parts. And even in some cases we go

46、 along with things we disagree with or behave in ways we know we shouldnt.There are countless examples of conformity in life. For instance, a teenager dresses in a certain style because he wants to fit in with the rest of the teenagers in his social group. A woman reads a book for her book club and

47、really enjoys it. When she attends her book club meeting, the other members all dislike the book. Rather than go against the group opinion, she simply agrees with the others that the book is terrible.Why do we conform? In many cases, looking to the rest of the group for clues for how we should behav

48、e can actually be helpful. Others might have greater knowledge or experience than we do, so following their lead can actually be instructive. And in some cases, we conform to the expectations of the group to avoid looking foolish. This tendency can become especially strong in situations where we are

49、nt quite sure how to act. Additionally, there are some situations where we conform just in order to avoid punishments or gain rewards.There are many factors that influence conformity. For example, not knowing how to perform a difficult task makes people more likely to conform. Personal characteristi

50、cs such as motivation to achieve and strong leadership abilities are linked with a decreased tendency to conform. And people are more likely to conform in situations that involve between three and five other people.1、What can we learn about conformity from the first paragraph?AActually it is rare fo

51、r us to conform.BBlind conformity should be criticized.CSometimes people tend to conform unconsciously.DConformity means changing your behaviour reluctantly.2、Which of the following is a case of conformity?AJoining a certain organization.BFollowing the ongoing fashion.CSharing something personal wit

52、h others.DGiving up your creative ideas cautiously.3、When are we most likely to conform according to the text?AWhen we are at a loss.BWhen we are rejected.CWhen we feel threatened.DWhen we feel uncomfortable.4、What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AConformity cannot be avoided by anyone.BConf

53、ormity is linked to the size of the group.CConformity is a natural response to challenges.DConformity isnt related to individual differences.第三部分 語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項26（30分）The Happy DoorHappiness is like a stone dropped into a pool to set in motio

54、n an ever-widening circle of ripples. As Stevenson has said, being happy is a 1 . There is no 2 definition of the word “happiness”. Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons. The 3 is not wealth or physical well-being, since we find beggars, invalids (病弱者) and so-called 4 are sometimes extreme

55、ly happy. Being happy is a sort of 5 bonus. But staying happy is an accomplishment, a 6 of soul and character. It is not selfish to 7 for it. It is, 8 , a duty to ourselves and others. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease that can 9 others. It causes people to shrink away from the 10 . He soo

56、n finds himself 11 , miserable and bitter. There is, how-ever ,a cure so simple as to seem, 12 , ridiculous; if you dont feel happy, 13 to be! It 14 . Before long you will find that instead of repelling (使反感) people, you 15 them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and

57、wider 16 of goodwill. Then the make-believe becomes a 17 .You possess the secret of peace of mind, and can 18 yourself in being of service to others. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a(n) 19 , opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful 20 .1、Asense Bglory

58、 Cduty Dprize2、Aexact Bgood Cextra Dregular3、Aproblem Bdoubt Capproach Dkey4、Asuccesses Bwinners Ccompetitors Dfailures5、Aunexpected Bimpossible Cunobtainable Dunfinished6、Apoint Bvictory Cperformance Ddream7、Astrike Bget Cstruggle Dgain8、Awhatever Bindeed Cfurthermore Dhowever9、Aenvy Bunderstand Cm

59、onitor Daffect10、Asufferer Bstranger Cbeggar Dpatient11、Atogether Balone Csingle Ddifficult12、Aat first glance Bat last Cat times Din no time13、Awant Btry Cpretend Dstop14、Adiffers Bworks Cresults Dprefers15、Ahit Bdraw Ccatch Dattract16、Afields Bcircles Cspots Dareas17、Areality Bthought Cpossibility

60、 Dhope18、Aremember Bforgive Cforget Dremind19、Abehavior Bact Crelation Dhabit20、Aparents Bteachers Cfriends Dclassmates第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27（15分）Ann stepped outside her front door to see1the weather was like. It was still cold and2 (rain). It had been so cold that she