2023屆北京市東城區(qū)第二中高考壓軸卷英語試卷含解析

1、2023屆高考英語模擬試卷注意事項：1答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1This kind of glasses made by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably. Ais worn Bwears Cwearing Dare worn2I found my computer

2、 functioning much better, _ a new operating system.Ato installBinstallingChaving installedDinstalled3During the negotiation to follow, it can be argued that shares of foreign companies are overvalued _ the return they offer.Ain terms of Bin memory ofCin favor of Din charge of4_ terrible, the medicin

3、e was thrown away by the child.ATastedBTastingCTo tasteDBeing tasted5The fellow we spoke _ no comment at first.Ato makeBto madeCmadeDto making6More and more college graduates, the survey shows, feel it hard to find a satisfactory job.AwhatBwhoCasDthat7he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _

4、be above it.AshallBmustCmayDneed8You know, people have different opinions about the construction of the project.We welcome any comments from them, favorable or _.AsoBotherwiseCelseDrather9 Can you do me a favour, Mr. Smith? My car _ start. No problem. You can count on it.Awont BmustntCneednt Dshould

5、nt10He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhat11Sorry Im so late, but you cannot imagine _ great trouble I took to find your house.Awhich BhowCwhat Dthat12Jane established a program, _ young people to take part in activities _ promote greater concern fo

6、r the environmentAto encourage; whereBhaving encouraged; whereCencouraging; thatDencouraged; which13No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _ when the unexpected will happen.AproveBimplyCdemandDpredict14- -_that he manage to get the information?-Oh，a friend of his helped him.AWher

7、e was itBWhat was itCHow was itDWhy was it15The monitor said that the learning method he used improved his maths.AgreatlyBnearlyCnormallyDseriously16Children exposed to air pollution are more to suffering from different diseases.ApossibleBprobableClikelyDcertainly17Beijings new international airport

8、 into operation in 2019 will serve 72 million passengers annually.Abeing put Bto be putCput Dto put18Whats up? You look worried.Well, I _ on the problem for 5 hours but I havent got a single clue.Ahave workedBworkedCwill workDhave been working19The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems w

9、e would face.A. thatBhowCwhatDwhy20A proposal was put forward at the meeting _ the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school.Awhen BwhereCthat Dwhich第二部分 閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21（6分）Sitting too much is linked to changes in a section of the brain that is important for m

10、emory, according to a recent study by UCLA researchers of middle-aged and older adults.Studies show that too much sitting, like smoking, increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes and premature death. Researchers at UCLA want to see how sedentary behavior (sitting for long periods of time) influe

11、nces the health of the brain, especially regions of the brain that are important to memory formation.UCLA researchers gathered 35 people aged 45 to 75 and asked about their physical activity levels and the average number of hours per day they spent sitting over the previous work. Each person had a h

12、igh-resolution MRI (熱分辨磁共振成像)scan, which provides a detailed look at the medial temporal lobe, or MTL, a bruin region involved in the formation of new memories.The researchers found that sedentary behavior is an important predictor of thinning of the MTL and that physical activity, even at high leve

13、ls, is mil enough to compensate the harmful effects of silting for long periods.“This study does not prove that too much sitting causes thinner brain structures, but instead that more hours spent sitting are associated with thinner regions,” researchers said. In addition, the researchers focused on

14、the hours spent sitting, but did not ask participants if they took breaks during this time.The researchers next hope to follow a group of people for a longer duration to determine if sitting cause the tinning and what role gender (性別), race, and weight might play in bruin health related to silting.“

15、MTL thinning can be an indication of cognitive (認知的) decline in middle-aged and older adults. Reducing sedentary behavior may be a possible target for measures designed to improve bruin health in people at risk for Alzheimers disease,” researchers said.1、What is the study done by UCLA mainly intende

16、d to find out?AWhat harm sitting too much causes.BWhy silting too much is like smoking.CHow too much sitting affects brain health.DWhether too much sitting causes early death2、Participants were scanned by a high-resolution MRI to .Aevaluate their memory lossBexamine their MTL conditionsCrecord their

17、 physical activity levelsDrecord the length of lime for their sitting3、What do UCLA researchers think of their study?AIt in a great success.BIt is little practical value.CIt must target the young.DIt still needs to be improved.4、What can be the best title for the text?ALong Sitting Is Bad for Your B

18、rainBHow to Improve Brain HealthCSitting Causes Many Health ProblemDAn Easy Way to Prevent Memory Loss22（8分） Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon-a total lunar eclipse (月蝕)-on the roof of their house.Now a seventh

19、-grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed-Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when h

20、er teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search,” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density (密度) of astronauts a

21、nd how to have food on Mars.”“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world,” Dobek says.Dobeks design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self-Crowing Farm, and she details

22、how it would work with the elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobeks design. A simulation (模擬裝置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual (虛擬的) reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to wat

23、ch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions.” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do they should push for it and always try their best.”1、Dobek first became interested in space when .Ashe was still a seventh-graderBshe stud

24、ied at a junior high schoolCshe lived on the top of their houseDshe watched an eclipse of the moon2、Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because .Ashe knew Dobek liked challenges in lifeBshe had no other students interested in MarsCDobek knew how to research bone density of astronautsDs

25、he was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance3、What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?AThe environment on Mars.BThe safety of the supplies.CThe activities for astronauts.DThe comfort of the astronauts.23（8分）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music,

26、and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have s

27、aid to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it? says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separat

28、e orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent-child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling

29、 of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “Theres still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents

30、 out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning

31、 point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer, “Its not something easily accomp

32、lished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”1、The underlined word 6 gulf, in Para.3 most probably means .Adifference BdistanceCseparation Dinterest2、The change in todays parent-child relation

33、ship is .Amore confusion among parentsBless respect for parents from childrenCnew equality between parents and childrenDmore strictness and authority on the part of parents3、By saying “todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side.” the author means that todays parents .Ahave little diffi

34、culty adjusting to the changeBcan set a limit to the changeCfail to take the change seriouslyDfollow the trend of the change4、The purpose of the passage is to .Adescribe the difficulties todays parents have met withBcompare todays parent-child relationship with that in the pastCsuggest the ways to h

35、andle the parent-child relationshipDdiscuss the development of the parent-child relationship24（8分）When the telephone rings late at night, most women guess it must be one of only four or five people calling. A sister？Maybe. An emergency? Possibly. A mother? Probably not at that time of night. Much mo

36、re probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken because she has split up with her boyfriend again or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.At a time when families are spread far and wide and marriages often end in divorce, friendships are becomin

37、g more and more important. Erika, a 32-year-old lawyer, is strengthened by her ten-year friendship with her married friend Jane. “I was very sick one night, so I called Jane at about 3:00 a.m. to talk about it,” she says. “She was very supportive and even came over to take me to the doctors.”As Amer

38、ican TV shows like Friends have become more popular, many of us are beginning to see the value of such friendships. TV shows like this tell us that our romantic relationships may not last, but we need to keep in touch with our close friends if we want to survive.With Erikas family 200 miles away, it

39、 is Jane who keeps a spare set of keys to Erikas apartment and waters her plants whenever she is away. “Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.” Jane, who may move to a different

40、city soon, is worried about leaving such a support system of friends. “My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I dont have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them. Friends are more up to date with what is happening.”1、A late-night phone call for most women is

41、 probably from _.Aa relative Ba friendCa doctor Da stranger2、What does the underlined phrase “split up” in Paragraph 1 mean?AShown up. BPicked up.CBroken up. DTaken up.3、According to the passage, we can learn that Erika .Ais Janes male friend Btreasures Janes friendshipChas been married for 10 years

42、 Dlives far away from Jane4、Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AFriendship Counts.BFriendship Demands Freedom.CFriendship Needs Understanding.DFriendship Strengthens Romance.25（10分） Residents in the poorest counties in the U.S. face a life expectancy up to decade shorter than

43、their counterparts in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with heath outcomes. To find out they divided the countrys 3,141 co

44、unties into 50 new states (with 2 percent of the counties in each) based on household income as opposed to geographic proximity (接近).The researchers broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some impact of socioeconomic differences on both the best-off and worst-off co

45、unties. They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest states (top and bottom 2 percent) to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of

46、 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less - 83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.The study authors caution that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they

47、 did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主動性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of pinpointing the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of r

48、esources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need, the study authors wrote.1、How did Researchers divide the counties?ABy social status.BBy income.CBy health.DBy living places.2、Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?AThe women difference is less than the man i

49、n life expectancy.BThe wealthiest state like hiding their wealth.CMost health data is unbelievable.DMost poorest state smoke and drink a lot.3、What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe researchers think their study is perfect.BPeople still dont know the cause of life expectancy.CThe government

50、should learn something from the study.DThe American resources allocation is not fair at all.4、What would be the best title for the passage?AWays to have a long life expectancyBGreat income differences in the USACThe health problem in the USADMen in richest 10 years longer in poorest第三部分 語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第

51、一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項26（30分） Do you ever feel like you are studying a mad rush of one subject after another? When things happen at such a 1 pace, it is easy to lose sight of what you are learning. It is important to 2 every now and then to think about what you

52、have been learning.Self reflection (反思) means stopping the mad rush and 3 yourself so that your brain can evaluate what it has already 4 . Some people prefer to do their self reflections 5 ，while others keep a journal. Either method can work, depending on what your own personal 6 is.School textbooks

53、 are often divided into units. This can make it 7 for someone to begin the process of self reflection. Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study. Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is 8 because there is some kind of test or quiz. Use these natural 9 as opportunities to stop and ref

54、lect.You should find a 10 placeanywhere without noise is OK. This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something 11 and the other students are still working. If you are going to take notes, take out your journal and write down some notes on things that you 12 learned in this un

55、it. Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some 13 .Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again. Next, think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a cert

56、ain body system, but you dont 17 how it works with the other body systems. Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem, but you are not sure when to use it. Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.Self reflection is an essen

57、tial skill for a 20 student. If you have never taken the time to reflect, try it now.1、AfastBsteadyCrelaxingDunique2、AchangeBcheckCstopDexercise3、AcalmingBenjoyingCbehavingDhelping4、AdealtBforgottenCfoundDreceived5、ApersonallyBmentallyCslowlyDdirectly6、ApaceBgradeCstyleDskill7、AquickBpossibleCsuitab

58、leDeasy8、AfinishedBdividedCinterruptedDcovered9、AunitsBtestsCbreaksDperiods10、AquietBfamiliarCsafeDremote11、AearlyBcorrectlyCfinallyDindependently12、AactivelyBnewlyCrapidlyDcarefully13、AchoicesBdecisionsCconnectionsDimprovements14、Aso thatBin caseCeven ifDas though15、AseekBshareCshowDneed16、AIn gene

59、ralBOf courseCFor exampleDAs usual17、AknowBdoubtCbelieveDremember18、AopinionsBquestionsCworriesDmethods19、Acome acrossBget throughCthink ofDtake away20、AtalentedByoungCseriousDsuccessful第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27（15分）語法填空About thirty years ago， China 1（know） as the Bicycle

60、Kingdom2（late） on， bikes were replaced by fuel powered transports But recent months have seen a 3（recover） of the bike across China， with 4 increasing number of people fond of riding bikes instead of 5（drive） to schools， to workplaces or to do sightseeing Theyre popular among many Chinese people as