與翻譯有關的那些反譯法剖析

1、與翻譯有關的那些反譯法剖析試譯以下句子:1. No Smoking!2. Wet Paint!3. Just make yourself at home.4. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 5. His pronunciation is no better than mine.試譯以下句子:1. No smoking!嚴禁吸煙！2. Wet Paint!油漆未干!3. Just make yourself at home.不要客氣。4. We must never stop taking an optimistic

2、view of life. 我們要永遠對生活抱樂觀態(tài)度。5. His pronunciation is no better than mine.他的發(fā)音和我的一樣糟糕。英語、漢語中都有從正面或反面來表達一種概念的現象。這里所謂正面表達和反面表達，主要是指在英語中是否用“no,not,never或“de-, dis-, non-, im-, in-,un-,-less等否認性詞綴的詞；在漢語中是否用“不、非、無、沒、未、否、別、休、甭、孬、莫、勿、毋等否認意義的字。含這些成分的為反說，不含的為正說。 由于語言習慣不同, 英漢兩種語言在正說與反說方面也常常不同。因此, 在翻譯實踐中, 原文中正說的

3、詞句有時不得不處理成反說; 原文中反說的詞句有時不得不處理成正說。用反譯法有時可以更明確地表達原文意思，但并不是說反譯一定比正譯好。如果正譯反譯都能較好表達原文，那么應盡量采用正譯，使譯文從內容和形式上都盡量貼近原文。但如果正譯有困難，欠通順，或者效果不好，那么應反譯法。正說反譯、反說正譯法1、正說反譯法動詞2、正說反譯法形容詞3、正說反譯法名詞正說反譯、反說正譯法4、正說反譯法副詞5、正說反譯法虛詞6 、正說反譯法短語正說反譯法動詞含否認意義動詞: fail, miss, lack, deny, ignore, refuse, refrain, overlook, escape, exclu

4、de, neglect 等的句子可考慮反譯。The window refuses to open.窗戶打不開。正說反譯法動詞She was refused admittance by them.他們不許她進去。Permission to enter was denied.不準入內。I was denied the chance of going to university.我沒有得到上大學的時機。正說反譯法動詞Please refrain from smoking.請不要吸煙。She refrained from laughing.她忍住了，沒有發(fā)笑。He shot at it, but mi

5、ssed.他朝它開了槍，但未射中。正說反譯法動詞I arrived too late and missed the train.我抵達時已太遲了，沒有趕上火車。They excluded children from getting in.他們不準小孩入內。正說反譯法動詞Today he failed to get to school on time.他今天沒有準時到校。The letter failed to arrive.信沒有送到。Avoid operating the keys roughly.使用按鍵不要用力過猛。正說反譯法動詞This specification lacks deta

6、il.這份說明書不夠詳盡。Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you ？你知道她為什么老是不想見到你嗎？ 試譯以下句子：1. The plan failed and for years he lost his political power.2. He tried to avoid answering my questions.3. His secretary failed to tell him about it.4. Hes missed school three days this week.5. The error in calc

7、ulation escaped the accountant. 試譯以下句子： 1. The plan failed and for years he lost his political power.方案失敗了，他在政治上多年不得志。2. He tried to avoid answering my questions.他試圖避而不答我的問題。3. His secretary failed to tell him about it.他的秘書沒有告訴他這件事。4. Hes missed school three days this week.他這星期有三天沒有去上學。5. The error

8、in calculation escaped the accountant.這個計算上的錯誤沒有被會計覺察。正說反譯法形容詞He is ignorant of English.他不懂英語。And thats the last thing he is interested in.那是他最不感興趣的事情。She is new to the job她對工作還不熟悉。正說反譯法形容詞He is often absent-minded.他常常心不在焉。The teacher found some students absent.教師發(fā)現有些學生不在。The decision is not final.這

9、個決定不是不可改變的。正說反譯法形容詞You are a bad boy!你是個不聽話的孩子！The companys failure was due to bad management.公司因經營不善破產。正說反譯法形容詞She felt miserable.她感到心里不舒服。His key was lost.他的鑰匙不見了。Good advice is lost on him.忠告對他不起作用。正說反譯法名詞This failure was the making of him.這次不成功是他成功的根底。This district was in a state of neglect.這個地方

10、處于無人管理狀態(tài)。 正說反譯法名詞There is lack of water supply here.這里供水缺乏。Darkness is the absence of light.黑暗就是沒有光明。He did it just out of ignorance.他做了此事只是出于無知。正說反譯法名詞Tom will be in charge of the office during my absence.我不在的時候，辦公室由湯姆負責。He tries to overcome the lack of technical data.他試圖抑制技術資料的缺乏。Her abstraction w

11、as not because of the tea party.她那心不在焉的神情，并不是因為茶話會。His hesitation led to his failure.他不果斷/猶豫不決導致了他的失敗。正說反譯法虛詞:介詞To do this is beyond my ability.干這事我力不勝任。It was beyond his power to do so.他無權這樣做。What youve said is above me.你所說的我不懂。正說反譯法虛詞:介詞It seems against nature.這似乎不符合自然規(guī)律。 He is above meanness and

12、deceit.他不至于做卑劣和欺騙人的事情。Her behaviour was above suspicion.她的品行不容疑心。正說反譯法虛詞:連詞The soldiers would fight to death before they surrender.戰(zhàn)士們寧可戰(zhàn)斗到死，而決不投降。I will not go unless I hear from him.如果他不通知我，我就不去。正說反譯法虛詞:連詞The guest had already gone before we came back.還沒有等我們回來, 客人就走了。Ill stay here till she arrives

13、.她不來我不走。I wont stop shouting till you let me go.你不放我走我就一直喊叫。正說反譯法副詞He has become understandably restless.他變得焦躁不安，這是不難理解的。This summer is predictably hotter.不出所料，今年夏天更熱。正說反譯法副詞She said idly, “Well, what does it matter?她漫不經心地說：“哼，這有什么關系？Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelop, and unfolded it.他不

14、慌不忙地從信封里抽出信紙，翻開來。正說反譯法短語某些固定短語一般要譯作否認:far from; free from; prevent from; protect from.but for; but that; anything but; cannot but.other than; rather than; more thancan;比較級+ than to doinstead of; in place of; short of; in the absence of 例如:The world today is far from peaceful.今天的世界還很不安寧。The explanati

15、on is far from being satisfactory.這一解釋遠不能令人滿意。He wishes to live a life free from care.他希望過無憂無慮的生活。I, rather than you, should do the work.該做這工作的是我，不是你。The truth is quite than what you think.事實真一樣你想的完全不同。But for the workers help,we should not have succeeded in this experiment.沒有工人們的幫助我們這個實驗不會成功。But th

16、at you aided me, I would fail.如果你不幫助我, 我就會失敗。I borrowed some books other than novels.我借了幾本書, 都不是小說。How can machine work in the absence of electricity?沒有電, 機器怎么能運轉?I am wiser than to believe that.我不至于蠢到竟然相信這件事。This is more than I can tell.這件事我是不能講的。 試譯以下句子：1. He always seemed too busy with his work.2

17、. Keep in lane.3. I lay awake all night.4. Please tender exact fare.5. Yesterday he failed to get to school on time. 試譯以下句子：1. He always seemed too busy with his work.他似乎總是工作忙個不完。2. Keep in lane.不準換車道。3. I lay awake all night.我一夜沒合眼。4. Please tender exact fare.恕不找零。5. Yesterday he failed to get to s

18、chool on time.昨天他沒準時到校。 試譯以下句子：6. She went to the station to meet her husband,but missed him in the crowd.7. If the crops fail there will be a serious food shortage.8. People under 18 are excluded from joining the club. 試譯以下句子：6. She went to the station to meet her husband,but missed him in the crow

19、d.她去車站接丈夫，但在人群中沒有見到他。7. If the crops fail there will be a serious food shortage.如果谷物收成不好，將會出現嚴重的糧荒。 試譯以下句子：8. People under 18 are excluded from joining the club.十八歲以下的人不得參加這個俱樂部。正說反譯、反說正譯法1、反說正譯法動詞2、反說正譯法形容詞3、反說正譯法副詞4、反說正譯法名詞5、反說正譯法介詞短語反說正譯法動詞英語中作反面表達的動詞(如: 加了否認前綴的動詞)在譯文中可考慮從正面表達。Why do you dislike

20、her so much？你為什么那么討厭她？We disagreed over what should be done.我們對應采取什么措施意見有分歧。The pipe is blocked, we must unblock it.管道堵塞了，我們必須疏通它。unbuckle解開，unload卸下，undress脫下，unburden除去負擔反說正譯法形容詞同樣，加了否認前綴或者后綴的形容詞，也可采用反說正譯法來表強調。He returned home with a hopeless face.他滿臉灰心絕望地回到了家。It is noiseless around here at midnig

21、ht.午夜時分，周圍靜悄悄的/一片寂靜。Weve been very unlucky with that car-its always breaking down.我們坐那輛車總是很倒霉反說正譯法副詞He was unaccountably delayed.他莫名其妙地被延遲了。She uncannily resembles my dead sister.她跟我死去的姐姐出奇地相像。He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。The windows there were never open.那里的窗

22、門總是關著。反說正譯法名詞dislike厭惡; disbelief疑心; disappearance消失; disagreement分歧; unhappiness傷心; disadvantage缺點; disappointment失望; disapproval反對 例如： He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.他對父親的生意表示出強烈的厭惡情緒。 How will you deal with the disagreements between colleagues.你會如何處理同事間的意見分歧？反說正譯法介詞短語The

23、child can walk without any help now.這小孩現在完全能自己走路了。She came into the room with no shoes on.她光著腳走進了房間。The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time.來自莫斯科的火車很快就會到達。Students, with no exception, are to have physical examinations.今天下午學生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)要進展體檢。正說反譯、反說正譯法/反譯法 (Negation)運用正反譯法時,我們要注意語體的變化。一般說來，正說顯得較正規(guī)

24、，反說較口語化。例如： “制止張貼譯成正說“Posters Forbidden較正規(guī)，而譯成反說“No Posters, Please較口語化；同樣，“Posters Forbidden譯成正說“制止張貼較正規(guī)，而譯成反說“不許張貼較口語化。 練一練：1. That fellow is far from being honest.2. Its beyond me why she wants to marry Jack.3. Stop talking nonsense!4. His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation.5

25、. Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year. 練一練：1. That fellow is far from being honest.那家伙很不老實。2. Its beyond me why she wants to marry Jack.我不理解她為什么要和杰克結婚。3. Stop talking nonsense!別胡說八道。4. His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation.他提前三天到達是我們沒有想到的。5. Dont make your conc

26、lusion before the end of the year.到年底再下結論吧。練一練：6. The last thing people here want to see is in chaos.7. John was a fool for danger.8. The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.9. “Had you ever seen the man before then? “No, I hadnt. He was a total stranger.練一練：6. The last thing people here want to see is in