寫作13-14英語標點符號的使用

1、Unit 3 Basic Writing SkillsPunctuation英語標點符號的使用NotesThe Power of PunctuationPunctuation has the power to transform the meaning of sentences or even paragraphs.For this reason, it is important we understand how to use punctuation properly. Dear John:I want a man who knows what love is all about. You

2、are generous, kind, thoughtful. People who are not like you admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me for other men. I yearn for you. I have no feelings whatsoever when were apart. I can be forever happywill you let me be yours? GloriaDear John:I want a man who knows what love is. All

3、about you are generous, kind, thoughtful people, who are not like you. Admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me. For other men, I yearn. For you, I have no feelings whatsoever. When were apart, I can be forever happy. Will you let me be? Yours, GloriaWhats the difference?Contents: 句號（

4、Full Stop / Period） 問號（Question Mark） 感嘆號（Exclamation Mark） 逗號（Comma） 冒號（Colon） 分號（Semicolon） 連字符（Hyphen） 破折號（Dash） 引號（Quotation Marks） 撇號（Apostrophe）省略號（Ellipsis）句號（Full Stop / Period用于陳述句、語氣溫和的祈使句或客氣的問句后。用于間接引語之后。用于某些縮略語、小數(shù)點之后。表示序列的字母或數(shù)字之后。 Lets go to the movies. May we hear from you soon. Please

5、tell me what your father is. Prof. E. D. Johnson was granted Ph.D. in Dec. ,2009. 1.56%問號（Question Mark）用于疑問句或語氣較委婉的祈使句之后。用來表示存疑或無把握。用于陳述句之后表示疑問。用于插入式問句表示強調(diào)。 What can I do for you? This vase dates back to 600 ? BC. Im the one to be blame for the mess? He was so tired is that true? that he wont come.

6、 感嘆號（Exclamation Mark）表示感慨、驚訝、命令、哀怨、贊賞、決心等。用于感嘆詞之后。 How time flies！ Be quiet! Oh! Fire! Please leave alone! God, youve finished your task!逗號（Comma）用于分割并列成分，相當于漢語中的頓號作用。用于分割并列句中的分句。用于分割對比或?qū)φ粘煞?。用于分割非限定性定于從句、同?語、或附加說明成分。用于分隔附加疑問句或選擇疑問句。用于分割直接引語及導語。用于分割句首狀語、插入語等。用于分割日期、數(shù)字、地點、人名 與職銜等、（信件）呼語等。例句例句：Were t

7、ired, thirsty and hungry.We must hurry up, otherwise, we will miss the bus.No pain, no gain.He wants us, you and me, to go to his place tomorrow. John didnt take it, did he?Mr. Green said, “Please call on us.”Frankly, thats all the money I have.He left on July 20, 2008, for a trip around the world.D

8、avid Smith, Ph.D.冒號（Colon）冒號用于對后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋 用于一個正式的引用之前。 也可用于商業(yè)或正式信函的稱謂后面. 冒號用于數(shù)字時間的表示. 冒號用于主標題和副標題之間. This is her plan: go shopping. The professor said: “It was horrible.” 4:45 p.m Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data 冒號(colon)“:”二、It is used to the direct quotation(直接引語） and long formal q

9、uotation. Examples:1. The premier Wen said: out of hardship grows success. (the direct quotation)2. In his famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably theirs. (long quotation)分號（Semicolon）用于并列分句之間。分隔已經(jīng)有逗號分割的成分，以免導致歧義。用于由for example, for ins

10、tance, namely, that is (to say), in fact, i.e.,等詞語引導的句子之前。 Your bike is new; mine is old. Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge. His sister is a busy girl; in fact, she works harder than he does.分號(semicolon)“;” The function of semicolon

11、is intermediate between full stop and comma.It is used between two independent clauses.Examples: For fifteen years the painting stood in the attic; even Mr. Kirk forgot it.It is used the compound sentence that has punctuation .Example: Before he came, we had expected him to help us; but when he was

12、with us, he didnt do much.分號(semicolon)“;”3. It is used before these words, how ever, then, for example, for instance, namely, that is to say, in fact, e. g.Example: The painting was valuable; in fact, the museum offered five thousand dollars for it. 4. It is used the compound sentence with omission

13、.Example: Five students from Class won prizes in the competition; two Class; none from Class.連字符（Hyphen）用于某些前綴后和構(gòu)成復合詞。Job-hunting構(gòu)成某些復合數(shù)字（100以下的數(shù)字應用單詞寫出，不可用阿拉伯數(shù)字代替） twenty-one , during the years 1949-1999 用于移行, 一般按音節(jié)間斷開單詞加連字號（例如：ha-ppy,不可斷為hap-py）,或根據(jù)發(fā)音,不要把單個字母留在行尾或行首。注意一頁中最后一個單詞不能使用連字號將其置于兩頁。-連字號 H

14、yphen1 用于復合詞。world- famous2于詞綴（或組合語素）與詞根（或詞）之間。co-worker3 用以避免單詞在語義或在語音上發(fā)生混淆或用于分離4 用于兩地名、兩數(shù)字或兩個時間之間，意為“至”。 5)用于單詞移行。a. 單音節(jié)詞不移行。 b. 曲折變化后的詞尾，如-er/-or/-ing等一般不移行。c. 數(shù)字、縮略詞不宜移行。d. 易引起歧義的詞不移行，如legend不宜移行為leg-end。e. 移行后行尾不宜只剩一個字母，如alone不宜移為a-lone。 f. 帶詞綴的詞應在詞綴和詞根處移行，如disappear移為dis-appear。g. 復合詞在復合成分之間移行

15、，如heartsick移為heart-sick。 破折號（Dash）用于話語突然中斷、意思轉(zhuǎn)折或猶豫不決。用作解釋。用于被強調(diào)部分。引出概括性詞語或表示引文出處。用于兩地名或兩時間之間，相當于連字號。 “Id like to,” he said, “but Im ” Money, fame, power these are his goals in life. What he needed most he never got love. London New York flightdash-1表示或突出同位語。例如： Only one thing is now wantinga refrige

16、rator2概括前面列舉的若干東西。例如： New houses，larger schools，more sheep，more pigs and chickens，morehorse and donkeyseverywhere we saw signs of the communes prosperity3表示猶豫或遲疑。例如： III rather thinkmaybeAmy has taken it4表示意思的突然轉(zhuǎn)折。例如： “And may I ask”said Xiao Wu；“but I guess its better for you to ask himabout it5表示反

17、問。例如： It is clearis it not？that we must practise strict economy6在說話時有意地中斷了一下，以便強調(diào)或引起別人注意破折號后面要說的話。例如： In a word，the spirit of the whole country may be described asself-relianceand arduous struggle7一個引用的句子前面（代替一個冒號，或與分號一起連用）。例如： Uncle Wang laughingly answered“No，no；stay where you are8用在一個解釋性的插入語前面和后面

18、，相當于一個括號。（這種用法在英國英語中尤為普遍）。例如： Then the proposalsboth Xiao Yangs and minewere adopted9用在一個解釋性的分句或句子前面。例如： How lucky the girls nowadays are！they can go anywhere，say anything10用來表示“從到”的概念，尤指生卒年份。例如： William Shakespeare，15641616，is one of the greatest poets and dramatistsin the history of Bristish Liter

19、ature11來補充說明，特別是在非正式文字中。例如： Well be arriving on Monday morningat least，I think so引號（Quotation Marks）引用書面或口頭的直接引語。引用事物的名稱。引用俚語、反語、定義、詞形等。引用對話。表示強調(diào)。 Bob said, “Lets meet at my house next time.” Have you read the novel “Flying”? How do you spell the word “souvenir”? “Did you have a great time last nigh

20、t?”雙引號（double quotation marks) “ ”1.Expresent quotationExample:He said to me, “l(fā) am sure l will come to visit you.”2. Show special meaningsExample:The report contained the “facts” of the case.3.Show unfamiliar special words“SOS” is a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.Single Quo

21、tes1 The quotation in the double quotese.g. The witness said,I distinctly heard him say,Dont be late.2 Replace double quotes (especially in BrE)e.g. The witness said,I distinctly heard him say,Dont be late, and then I heard the door close.3 The quotation in a quotations quotation.e.g. The witness sa

22、id, I distinctly heard him say, Dont you say Shut up to me. *這種情況比較罕見，標準的用法是最里面的引語使用雙引號。撇號（Apostrophe）省字符。表示某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的復數(shù)形式。表示名詞的所有格。 youd better = you had better cause = because the class of 09 = the class of 2009 Do not always say sorrys please. todays news, a friend of my fathers 省略號（Ellipsis）表示詞語或句子的有意省略。表示斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、停頓、猶豫不決。表示沒有說完的話語。用以分割詞組，加強語氣。 “the book is lovely and well written.” “Tell mother I died for my country.” Do it soon Do it today Do i