大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)翻譯詳解專題培訓(xùn)課件

1、大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試中的翻譯題，名為翻譯，實(shí)為補(bǔ)全句子，考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞組運(yùn)用的知識(shí)。每句只涉及20個(gè)左右的英語詞匯，需填入的部分也只有5到10個(gè)單詞，其中隱含著考生應(yīng)當(dāng)把握的句型、語法、詞匯和固定搭配等知識(shí)點(diǎn)。 一. 固定搭配 這是翻譯中的最為核心的考點(diǎn),也是近幾次四級(jí)考試以來命題密度最高的考點(diǎn),應(yīng)該引起考生的高度重視:如名詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配、形容詞與名詞的搭配、名詞與介詞的搭配。其中更為重要的是常見的固定表達(dá),這些都可能成為考試的命題重點(diǎn)。 請(qǐng)看下面的真題例子： 1) Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _

2、 (適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活). (CET-4, 2006.12.) 解題步驟由it is not easy to可以推出，劃線處應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形?！斑m應(yīng)不同文化的生活”，其核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“適應(yīng)”，即adapt，由此聯(lián)想到其常用搭配adapt to, adapt oneself to；“生活”，life；“不同文化”，different cultures。重新整合 adapt oneself to life in different cultures正確答案 adapt oneself to life / living in different cultures考查知識(shí)點(diǎn) 固定搭配adapt one

3、self to sth / doing sth,“使適應(yīng)”。 以下是2010年-2006年翻譯部分所考的固定搭配：1. (2010年6月) Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (in) concentrating /focusing on the experiment (集中注意力在實(shí)驗(yàn)上).解析：此處考一個(gè)短語“集中注意力在上”和固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.have difficulty (in) doing sth 短語09年和06年都 有考(2009年6月) Soon

4、after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates (很難跟上班里的同學(xué)) in math and English.這里要注意much表示程度， 翻譯才準(zhǔn)確。(2006年6月) Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (in) finding the / his way to the History Museum (找到去歷史博物館的路). be bu

5、sy (in) doing sth忙于做某事have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困難 have pleasure (in) doing sth在做某事方面有樂趣There no point/sense (in) doing sth做某事沒有用，沒有意義be/get used/accustomed to doing 習(xí)慣于做spend (時(shí)間、錢、精力) (in) doing sth cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事2. (2009年12月) Production has to be increased consid

6、erably to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers (與消費(fèi)者不斷增長的需求保持同步).解析：此處考一個(gè)固定短語“與保持同步”。“不斷增長的” 也可用constantly rising/growing.3. (2009年12月) The more exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold (你越不大可能得感冒).解析：由題干中的 The more可知， 所譯部分要用 “the + 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu).另外還有兩個(gè)固定短語 be lik

7、elyto do sth. 和catch a cold.“the +比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí)” 表示一方的程度隨著另一方的變化而變化。06年也有考查這一搭配。4. (2006年6月) The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂). 5. (2009年6月) It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight (更有可能增加體重).解析： “更有可能做某事” be more likely to do sth

8、 “不那么可能做某事” be less likely to do sth6. (2009年6月) The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of exercise (與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)).解析：“與密切相關(guān)” be closely related to7. (2007年12月) Thanks to a series of new inventions (多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明)，doctors can treat this disease successfu

9、lly.解析： “多虧了” 含感謝意味，并且表示原因，用 thanks to ,“一系列” a series of表示原因的介詞短語：due to owing to because of 8. (2007年6月) :The finding of this study failed to take peoples sleep quality / quality of sleep into account / consideration (將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)). 解析：此題考查兩個(gè)固定搭配:1) fail to do sth(未做); 2) take sth into account / c

10、onsideration 將 考慮在內(nèi)。 9. (2006年12月) :Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to the life / living in different cultures (適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活). 解析：此題考查固定搭配:adapt oneself to sth / doing sth,意為適應(yīng)。 常考的以動(dòng)詞為中心的固定搭配 add to 增加apply to 申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求count onupon 依靠，指望deal with 解決，處理，應(yīng)付live

11、 up to 符合，不辜負(fù)(期望)；遵守，實(shí)踐(諾言、原則等)prepare for 為做準(zhǔn)備depend on 取決于，視而定；依靠，依賴；信賴，相信devote oneself to sth 獻(xiàn)身于某事物cannotcouldnt help doing 禁不?。徊荒鼙苊?look forward to盼望，期待prevent sb / sth from doing sth 預(yù)防，防止，阻止separate sb / sth from sb / sth把與隔離 / 區(qū)分開來come up with 提出，提供，想出get down to 開始認(rèn)真處理，著手做go in for 從事，參加；愛

12、好make up for 補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)put up with 容忍，忍受run out of 用完，耗盡 yield to 服從，屈從，讓步 owe sth to sb / sth; attribute sth to sth (把歸因于) 二.核心語法 這部分語法考點(diǎn)大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語法考題部分考點(diǎn)的重現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移,大家務(wù)必要重視。盡管詞匯單選題現(xiàn)在不考了,但還是不能忽視這部分題目,因?yàn)榭键c(diǎn)是一致的。核心語法考點(diǎn)有虛擬語氣、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。 一. 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣幾乎每一年必考。(2010年12月) There would be no life on earth without/but

13、 for its unique environment(沒有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境)。 解析：空前的There would be提示，本句使用了虛擬語氣，故“沒有”可以翻譯為表示虛擬條件的without或but for；考點(diǎn)：常用的表示虛擬條件的介詞短語還有in the absence of(如果沒有)或were it not for(要是沒有)2. (2010年12月) They requested that the book (that/which) I borrowed (should) be returned to the library (我借的書還回圖書館) by next Friday

14、解析：request的用法。request v. 要求；當(dāng)request表示“要求”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，即（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。定語從句。“我借的書”， the book (that) I borrowed； 考點(diǎn)： demand, require, request, propose, desire, suggest,recommend, urge, insist,等表示要求、建議、命令等意思的詞后面跟的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”3. (2010年6月) It is suggested that the air conditioner (should

15、) be fixed/installed by the window(要安裝在窗戶旁)。解析：本題考查It is suggested that結(jié)構(gòu)中主語從句中要用虛擬語氣的用法，即should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。此處還要注意隱性被動(dòng)。 4. (2006年6月) The professor required that we (should) hand in our research report (我們交研究報(bào)告) by Wednesday. 5. (2009年12月) You would not have failed if you had followed my instr

16、uctions (按照我的指令去做).解析：would not have failed 提示， 從句應(yīng)采用“had+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 考點(diǎn)：在if非真實(shí)虛擬條件句中，若主句用“would+have+過去分詞”，則從句用“had+過去分詞”，表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。6. (2009年6月) If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary_(就不會(huì)被大雨淋濕了). wouldnt have been caught by the rain 7. (2006年12月) The victim _(本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來) if he had been taken t

17、o hospital in time. could have had the chance to survive 考點(diǎn)：if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句有三種，表示對(duì)與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句用“would/could/should+have+過去分詞”，則從句用“had+過去分詞”;表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句用“would/could/should+動(dòng)詞原形”，則從句用“一般過去時(shí)”; 表示對(duì)將來的假設(shè)，主句用“would/could/should+動(dòng)詞原形”，則從句用“過去式、should do 或were to do”;虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：1. (should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形(已考)2

18、. if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句(已考)3. wish, if only, it is time的用法 (should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形1在動(dòng)詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。She insisted that the seats (sh

19、ould) be booked in advance. 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他勸我們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。注：如果上述動(dòng)詞作其他意思解釋，或者說話者認(rèn)為所講的事是事實(shí)，要用陳述語氣。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director. 2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, pro

20、posal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名詞后的主語從句或表語從句中-上面動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。 3在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及

21、短語no wonder, a pity等可以構(gòu)成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必須立即采取行動(dòng)。 【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).參考答案：(should) be deprived of the right to receive education 二.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)“only+狀語”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語時(shí)用正

22、常語序。 Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有當(dāng)你獲得足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，你才能得出正確的結(jié)論。Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。 其他如：only then, only once, only in America, only after the accident等。 二.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)【CE

23、T-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松) 參考答案：does he feel secure and relaxed 二.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)2never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有： never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(決不), in no case(決不), neither (nor), no soone

24、r(than), hardly(when), barely(僅僅，幾乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(決不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。 二.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)2. (2010年6月) The manager never laughed; neither_(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣). 解析： 先確定句子位于動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)態(tài)； 發(fā)脾氣用“l(fā)ose ones temper” neither 位于句首，其后的句子要用倒裝形式did she ever lose her temper3. (2008年6月) _ (直到他

25、完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. 解析： “直到”用until表達(dá)。由did he為倒裝語序，由此可知本句考查not until倒裝句的用法； not until位于句首，主句倒裝，而從句不倒裝，并且從句的時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)，以體現(xiàn)主從句的前后順序。 Not until he had completed/finished the mission (2008年12月) The anti-virus agent was not known _ (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它). until a doctor found it by accid

26、ent 【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說謊)參考答案：should he lie to the court. _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案：Not until the deadline did he send (out) 三.非謂語動(dòng)詞 (2010年12月) _(為了確保他參加會(huì)議)，I called him up in advance.解析： “為了”表目的，放句首可用to或in order to表達(dá) ； ensure 用法

27、為ensure that+句子或ensure sth. To ensure that he attends the meeting2. (2006年6月) _ (為了掙錢供我上學(xué)), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. In order to finance my education 四.數(shù)量與比較 (2006年12月)Since my childhood I have found that _ (沒有什么比讀書對(duì)我更有吸引力). nothing (else)is more attractive/appealing to

28、me than reading 解析： “沒有什么比更”用 “nothing+系動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+其他”表示 注意：漢語中的一些動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中常用動(dòng)名詞表示，比如唱歌用singing，跳舞用dancing，開車用driving等。 四.數(shù)量與比較 2. (2007年12月) In my sixties, one change I notice is that _ (我比以前更容易累了). I am more likely to get tired than before 解析： 也可譯為it is more likely for me to get tired than before；

29、 錯(cuò)誤譯法：I feel more easily tired 。 “比”提示要用比較級(jí)； “is”提示從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí) 四.數(shù)量與比較 3. (2007年12月) I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _ (它更加方便和省時(shí)). the former is more convenient and time-saving 解析： “它”直接翻譯為it 會(huì)造成指代不明，故用the former； “更加”表示要用比較級(jí) convenient 和 time-saving 是多音節(jié)形容詞，比較級(jí)在前

30、面加more 四.數(shù)量與比較 4. (2009年6月) It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _(更有可能增加體重). more likely to put on weight 5. (2008年6月) _ (與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. Compared with the place in which I grew up/where I grew up 解析： “相比”的邏輯主語是this town， 二者是被動(dòng) 關(guān)系，故用c

31、ompared表達(dá)； 成長發(fā)生在過去，故要用過去式五.被動(dòng)語態(tài) (2010年12月) The significant museum_(據(jù)說建成于)about a hundred years ago. is said to have been built 本題重點(diǎn)考查：被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語museum與動(dòng)詞build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系; 且bulid這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。 據(jù)說 be said to；be said to+ 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。 大家要特別注意這種主語和位于之間的隱性被動(dòng)關(guān)系和時(shí)態(tài)。五.被動(dòng)語態(tài) 2. (2010年6月) We look forward to _

32、(被邀請(qǐng)出席開幕式) being invited to attend the opening ceremony 本題重點(diǎn)考查：look forward to的用法，后面要跟名詞或者動(dòng)詞的-ing形式 被動(dòng)語態(tài)：要注意后邊是被邀請(qǐng)所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 五.被動(dòng)語態(tài) 3. (2008年6月) Our efforts will pay off if this research _ (能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)). can be applied to the exploration of new technology 本題重點(diǎn)考查：題干中沒有出現(xiàn)“被”字，這里為隱性被動(dòng)語態(tài)。the results of thi

33、s research是動(dòng)作“應(yīng)用”的被動(dòng)承受者。4. (2007年12月) Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _ (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn. is measured by how much they can borrow 五.被動(dòng)語態(tài) 5. (2006年6月) Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. he was fired by the

34、 company 本題重點(diǎn)考查：主句用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 根據(jù)時(shí)間last week判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去式?！氨唤夤汀边€可用be discharged/dismissed 六.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè) (2008年6月) I cant boot my computer now. Something _ (一定出了毛病) with its operation system. must be wrong 本題重點(diǎn)考查： “一定”用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，表示肯定的猜測(cè)。 題干中的時(shí)間狀語now表明對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情很肯定的猜測(cè)，那么must后接動(dòng)詞原形即可。注意：如果是對(duì)過去事情的肯定的猜測(cè)，那么must后要接have

35、 done的形式。例如：六.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè) 2.(2006年12月) Some psychologists claim that people _ (出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)). may feel lonely when they are away from home 本題重點(diǎn)考查：“可能會(huì)”用might+動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的推測(cè)。七.主語從句 1.(2010年12月) _(給游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. What impressed the tourists most 解析：分析句子可知，句子缺乏主語 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句；what可引導(dǎo)句子充當(dāng)主語； impress用法 給留下印象 impress sb； 最高級(jí)的用法most； 七.主語從句 2.(2009年6月) _(很多人所沒有意識(shí)到的) is