蒙大英語國家-美國概況課件03 American Economy

1、Lecture ThreeAmerican EconomyContentsWarm-Up 1Language Study2Detailed Study 3Extension4Warm-Up Discuss the Following Questions1. What are the important factors that lead to A nations quick economic development? 2. Why do you think American economy is so successful? Warm-Up Discuss the Following Ques

2、tions3.What is the proper role of the government in a nations economic development? A list of new words and expressions Language StudyDairy Belt：乳畜帶Keynesian theory：凱恩斯理論sulfur：硫磺 click here to add: 添加 click here to add: 添加 click here to add: 添加 conglomerate merger: 多行企業(yè)并合Detailed StudyI. The Econom

3、ic System of the United States II. Natural Resources III. American Agriculture TextTextTextDetailed StudyIV. American Industry V. Foreign Trade VI. Factors That Contributed to the Fast Growth of American Economy TextTextTextDetailed StudyVII. Problems in the U.S. Economy TextTextTextAdd Your subtitl

4、eAddaddaddaddAdd Your subtitleAdd Your subtitleDetailed StudyFederal Reserve SystemSealheadquartersThe Economic System of the United States A. Private Enterprise Private enterprise is one of the basic institutions of the U.S. economy. There is very little government ownership of industry. Anyone wit

5、h an idea and capital is free to start his or her own business. The United States consists of some very large corporations and hundreds of thousands of smaller ones. Detailed StudyThe Two Industrial Revolutions1. Large corporations Many industries were concentrated in the hands of a few firms in the

6、 U.S. The trend toward industrial concentration began in the 1920s. corporate largeness was stimulated by the changes that were occurred in the economy, in particular the mass production of automobiles. World war also contributed to the trend towards largeness. Large corporations produced the airpla

7、nes and tanks used by the United States and its allies in the war. During the 1960s and 1970s the tend increased, facilitated by a new type of merger called the conglomerate merger. Detailed Study2. Small Enterprises There are also thousands of small and medium-sized business firms. They provide emp

8、loyment for the majority of the U.S. workers as well as much of the innovation necessary for the international competitiveness. The number of small companies is increasing as a result of the downsizing of big corporations as well as the quick development of small family-owned companies by using new

9、technologies. Detailed StudyB. Government For many years, the idea persisted that the government of a capitalist system should not follow a policy of Laissez-faire. The idea was based on the concept of natural liberty. Each individual was assumed to be a more or less rational human being and better

10、judge of his or her won interest than any government could be. In the natural order of things ,peoples pursuits of their own interests would benefit others as well. Government has a limited role to play in the society. Detailed StudyU.S. government intervention in the economy increased the most duri

11、ng the Depression of the 1930s and World War II. Government undertook massive public works programs and the complete overhaul and regulation of banking help to the economy to recover. In the postwar years government involvement was again emphasized when the U.S. adopted the Keynesian theory. Detaile

12、d StudyHowever, by the end of the 1970s, economic growth had decreased. In the 1980s, under the Regan Administration, the traditional Keynesian approached was replaced again by new monetarist polices, which sought to fight inflation by increasing supply and reducing demand. Detailed StudyII. Natural

13、 Resources A. Fertile soil Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resources in the United States. The rich soils of the interior plains produces crops of wheat and corn. Detailed StudyB. Forest American forest resources are among the worlds largest. Softwood forest including valuable whit

14、e pines are found in the east and tall and giant redwood trees and Dougalas firs are found in the east and tall and giant redwood trees and Douglass firs are found throughout the coast ranges of the Pacific. Forest account for 31% of the total land. Detailed StudyC. Water Another natural resources t

15、hat contribute to the welfare of the country is water. Agriculture can depend on natural rainfall westward to the 100th meridian and also in the Pacific Northwest. The Mississippi and other rivers provide excellent inland water resources. Today the rivers and streams of American furnish 63% of the w

16、ater supply for cities, towns and inlands, 93% of the water used by industries and almost all of the water used to generate electricity. Detailed StudyD. Minerals The United Stats is rich in most of the minerals needed to supply its basic industries. Mineral resources of the Unites States are well d

17、eveloped. Coal, iron ore, copper, oil, sulfur, lead, and zinc are found in large quantities. The United States is among the world leaders in the production of all these minerals. Other minerals, such as uranium, gold and silver, potash and building stone, are also found in large quantities in the Un

18、ited States. Detailed StudyIII. American Agriculture The variety of climate and topography of the United States makes it possible for the people to grow many kinds of crops. Detailed StudyWheat is Americas most important food crop. It is second only to corn in production every year. The Wheat Belt i

19、s located near the Corn Belt in the Midwest. Two main types of wheat are grownspring wheat and winter wheat. Detailed StudyAmerican Trade DeficitCorn is a leading commercial crop in the South. The Cotton Belt follows the Coastal Plain from southern Virginia to Texas and parts of the southern Piedmon

20、t. Areas of heavy cotton production are found along the Mississippi Lowland and in eastern Texas. Detailed StudyAmerica is the worlds biggest producer and user of tobacco. It is grown mainly in the Piedmont, on the Coastal Plain between Virginia and Florida, and in the Kentucky and Tennessee west of

21、 the Appalachians. Detailed StudyThe Great Plains are a great animal farming area. Animal farming here is called ranching, the farmers here called ranchers, and the workers are called ranch hands. The rancheres are big. The smallest is about 6,000 hectares, and the biggest is about 50,000 hectares.

22、Detailed StudyDairy farming can be found in New England, the Midwest, and the Pacific Northwest. The Dairy Belt in the Midwest covers almost all of Michigan and Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota and Iowa. Wisconsin is the nations leading dairy state. Milk is the Dairy Belts most important product. De

23、tailed StudyThe South is one of Americas leading producers of citrus fruits. Oranges, lemons, grapefruits, and other kinds of citrus fruit are grown in the great Central Valley of California, and in the valleys of Washington and Oregon in the Northwest. Detailed StudyIV. American Industry The United

24、 States ranks first, second, third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel, passenger cars, commercial vehicles, chemicals, radio sets, television sets, and other manufacturing goods. The industrial regions of the United States can be found near important land or water routes, and ri

25、ch mineral deposits. They are the Midwest round the Great Lakes, the Middles Atlantic states, the South, and the Pacific Coast. Detailed StudyThe Midwest is the nations leading center of heavy industry. It is most important in the production of motor vehicles and other transportation equipment, none

26、lectrical machinery, and fabricated metals. The cities of the Midwest are next door to the plentiful coal deposits of the Appalachian Highlands. Iron ore deposits are found in the Mesabi Range in the northern Minnesota and in the nearby areas in northern Wisconsin and Michigan. With Lake superior on

27、ly a short distance away, the cities of the Midwest have easy access to both coal and iron ore. Detailed Study The Middle Atlantic States are highly industrialized. Chemicals, machinery, electrical equipment, textiles, and metal goods of all kinds are only a few of the products manufactured in these

28、 six states. The success of this region can be attributed to the following reasons. First, the Middle Atlantic states have benefited from their location at or near the Atlantic Ocean. Because they were settled and developed early, they were able to employ many of the skilled workers who went there f

29、rom Europe during the last century. Besides, as the transportation and shipping facilities improved, the Middle Atlantic States found it easy to obtain raw materials from almost every part of the country and world. Secondly, the coal and petroleum deposits of the Appalachian Highlands provide a chea

30、p and convenient source of power. Detailed StudyThe American South is a newly developed industrial region. The Souths leading industries are those that make use of the abundant supply of natural resources and raw materials. Textile is quite developed in the south because of its cheap labor. Deposits

31、 of coal, limestone, and iron in Alabama have led to the growth of the Souths iron and steel industry. Oil refinery is an industry of great importance in Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. A great petrochemical industry has developed on the Gulf Coast between Houston and Beaumont. Houston is the center

32、 of petrochemical and synthetic rubber production as well as the home of the space center. Detailed StudyThe Pacific Coast has experienced rapid growth. The state of California now has passed New York as the most populous state. It is now first in manufacturing and ship-building as well as in food p

33、roduction. Los Angeles, the Pacific Coasts largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the United States, is located in the heart of a rich agriculture and oil-producing region. San Francisco, the second larges city in California, is in an excellent position to t

34、rade with the Far East and the islands of Pacific. Detailed StudyV. Foreign Trade The United States supplies a large share of the imports in the world. Currently U.S. exports about 15% of the worlds total. The leading groups of products for exports are industrial, electrical, agricultural, and offic

35、e machines; household appliances and other machinery; transportation and communication equipment; chemicals; textileschiefly those of man-made fivers and cotton; metal manufactures; petroleum products; paper and other products made from wood; tobacco manufactures; rubber products. Detailed StudyThe

36、United States imports about 13% of all world imports. It is heavily dependent on foreign sources for a number of essential primary products, such as tin, manganese, crude petroleum, nickel and bauxite. Many of U.S. industries are built around a continuous supply of essential raw materials. Detailed StudyVI. Factors That Contributed to the Fast Growth of American Economy A. the geographical location of the United States provides very good conditions for the country to grow and become st