汽車專業(yè)英語1

1、授課教師：譚罡風(fēng)Email：nova_13汽車專業(yè)英語 Automobile Specialty English教學(xué)目的_ _ _ _ _Company Logo“汽車專業(yè)英語”，是一門應(yīng)用性很強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)課程。它體現(xiàn)了汽車專業(yè)與英語的結(jié)合。是從事汽車行業(yè)技術(shù)研究必須具備的一項(xiàng)技能。前期應(yīng)具備的學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)：汽車構(gòu)造、大學(xué)英語。授課思路Company Logo1.結(jié)合汽車專業(yè)，講解英語中的基本元素。各項(xiàng)能力培養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)授課思路_ _ _ _ _Company Logo2.以主動授課為主，課堂反饋相結(jié)合。 落實(shí)專業(yè)詞匯的發(fā)音、句子停頓及篇章的理解。3.以英文講解為主要方式，輔助以簡短的中文解釋。4.介紹專

2、業(yè)英文翻譯的基本要領(lǐng)。Company Logo授課內(nèi)容1.教材選擇來源：來自歐洲支持的汽車電子教材原因：轉(zhuǎn)換思路，通過介紹汽車的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，反過來熟悉汽車的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)。內(nèi)在原因：今年暑假翻譯，對內(nèi)容熟悉。2.內(nèi)容選擇： 以汽車先進(jìn)技術(shù)為主線，主要選擇以下5方面內(nèi)容： ABS制動及牽引力控制系統(tǒng) 氣囊與安全系統(tǒng) EOBD 和 OBD 汽車照明和空調(diào) 低排放車輛Company Logo教學(xué)目標(biāo)與考核方式考核方式：平時(shí)成績和期終考試相結(jié)合。平時(shí)成績占40%， 采用提問簽到的方式。終期考試成績占60%。 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：熟悉并掌握常用汽車專業(yè)英語詞匯的發(fā)音及含義?？焖?，準(zhǔn)確理解汽車專業(yè)英語文獻(xiàn)的含義。具備對普通

3、汽車專業(yè)英語文獻(xiàn)的翻譯能力。Company LogoSection 5. Low Emission VehicleSection 4. Vehicle LightingSection 3. EOBD & OBDSection 2. Airbags & Safety System Section 1. ABS Brakes & Traction Control SystemContentsCompany Logo1. IntroductionMore than 10% of all accidents are caused by cars which skid due to lock the w

4、heels.The anti-lock brake system was developed.The system immediately identifies when a wheel is about to lock.Modulates the brake pressure.Maximum braking effectiveness and retained steering ability. anti-lock brake system ABS skid /skid/ 打滑modulate/5mCdjuleit/調(diào)節(jié)retain/ri5tein/ 保留brake pressure 制動壓

5、力braking effectiveness 制動效能Company Logo1.1. Introduction - Basic physical conceptsA vehicle traveling on the road is subject to three forces: Gravity Air resistance Rolling frictionOnly forces on the wheel make the car move or stop. And there are three of them: The peripheral force from the vehicle

6、power train-Fu; The side force from the steering-Fs; And the vertical force from the weight of the car-Fn. allows the car accelerate and brake.makes it possible to steer the car.is governed by the weight of the carperipheral /pE5rifErEl/ force 周向力side force 側(cè)向力 vertical force 垂直力accelerate brakestee

7、r /stiE/ 轉(zhuǎn)向vehicle /5vi:ikl/ 運(yùn)載工具Company Logo1.2. Introduction - Forces depending on surfacesThese forces are affected by the surface of the road, the condition of the tires, and weather conditions.Fr = Braking force valueb = Friction valueFn = The gravity of the car The highest value is obtained on

8、 the clean dry road and the lowest value is on ice. On the wet road, breaking force is very much dependent on the vehicle speed. breaking forcedriving condition 行駛條件breaking force 制動力Company Logo1.3. Introduction - Wheel slipA skid occurs when a vehicle begins to turn slower or faster than it should

9、 for a particular road speed. A 0% skid means that the rotational speed of the wheel and the vehicle speed are the same. A 100% skid means that the wheel is locked and is skidded as the same speed of the car.Different level of brake skid.rotational speed of the wheel 輪胎的圓周速度wheel slip 車輪滑轉(zhuǎn)brake slip

10、 制動滑移Company Logo1.4. Introduction - Braking without lateral forcesMeans: No side forces and all friction between wheel and road is used for breaking.The most effective braking occurs with 10 to 40% skid. The rising slope on the graph shows the stable area The falling slope shows the unstable area.l

11、ateral /5lAtErEl/ force 側(cè)向力stable /5steibl/ 穩(wěn)定的asphalt /5AsfAlt/ 瀝青rising slope falling slopestable area unstable area Company Logo1.5. Introduction - Braking with lateral forcesA locked wheel can no longer transmit any side forcesThe braking and side force values are shown as function of brake skid

12、. At zero braking skid, the side force reaches its maximum. At increasing braking skid, the value decreasing slowly at first, and then increases, to reach its minimum when the wheel is locked.transmit the side forcesFree turning wheel locked wheelCompany Logo1.6. Introduction - Dual circuit type bra

13、kesTo enhance road safety, the hydraulic braking system is divided into two circuits.Four principle ways of dividing hydraulic braking system: Front-rear split Diagonal split Front axle and one rear split HL splitThe components of a typical four channel ABS system are: 4 wheel speed sensors; 4 wheel

14、 cylinders or calipers; A master cylinder; Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU); Electronic Control Unit (ECU).road safety 行車安全circuit /5sE:kit/ 油路hydraulic /hai5drC:lik/ 液力的front rear channel /5tFAnl/ 通道sensor /5sensE/ 傳感器cylinder /5silindE/ 缸calipers /klipz/ 鉗Company Logo1.7. Introduction - Brake pressure

15、The left wheels have good grip. The right wheels have poor grip.The gagers show the brake pres.Note how brake pressure and rotational speed vary. grip /rip/ 夾緊力Company Logo1.8. Introduction - OperationThe pressure in the wheel cylinder increases and the speed of wheel rotation decreases.The modulato

16、r valve remains the pressure。When the braking pressure decreases, the rotational speed increases again.The wheel speed increases The braking power decreasesThe pressure in the caliper is increased The wheel speed is reducedThe wheel skid is within the range of maximal braking efficiency.The ABS cont

17、inuously monitors braking efficiency.efficiency/i5fiFEnsi/ 效率Company Logo1.9. Introduction - Varying gripWhen braking on roads with varying grip, There is a strong twisting torque on the vertical axis of the car. On large cars this twisting torque is no problem.On smaller cars it is a problem.Howeve

18、r, it is possible to improve the function of the normal of ABS system with something called yaw moment increase delay.twisting /5twistiN/ 扭轉(zhuǎn)axis /5Aksis/ 軸vertical horizontalCompany Logo2.1. Different ABS systems - Control unit ECU electronic control unitHCU hydraulic control unitEHCU electronic-hyd

19、raulic control unit. Two identical microprocessors with identical program structures.Receive and analysis inputs from each wheel speeds sensors.Error if input information does not fall within specification or if the output comes from the microprocessors differ during the cross check. Anti-lock warni

20、ng lamp is lit.cross check 交叉校驗(yàn)warning lamp 警告燈lit lit light Company LogoTwo general types: Standard ABS systems Integral ABS systemsA conventional braking system and the special ABS components are used together.Examples of standard systems are: Bosch ABS 2S; Bosch ABS 2E; Bendix Addonix; Bendix Mec

21、atronic; Teves Mk IV; TRW EBC 430 /440.2.2. Different ABS systems - Different typesFor the integral system,the hydraulic booster, the master cylinder and modulate valve block are built together in one unit. Teves Mk II; Bendix IntegratedBosch /b:/ 博世booster /5bu:stE/ 增壓器Company Logo2.3. Different AB

22、S systems - Bosch ABS 2Bosch ABS 2 is an add-on system which is built on to a conventional brake system.The electronic control module is position separately or integrated in with the hydraulic modulator.The system consisted of: Electronic control module; 4 wheel sensors; A hydraulic modulator; A bra

23、ke switch; ABS warning light.add-on system 附加系統(tǒng)module/5mCdju:l/ 模塊brake switch 制動開關(guān)Company Logo2.3.1. Different ABS systems - Bosch ABS 2 - EBCMThe electronic brake control module (EBCM) is either an integrated part of the modulator or remote located. The module receives signal from wheel speed sens

24、ors. Based on the signals, speed, acceleration, and acceleration of the wheels are continually monitored. And a reference speed and tendency to a wheel lock up calculate by the unit.Two identical microprocessors with identical program structures. It is assumed that there is an error in the system if

25、 the input information does not fall within the specifications or if the output commands differ during the cross check.When the ignitions turned on, the control module runs a self-check. If a fault is detected the ABS function will be shut down.reference speed 參考車速ignition /i5niFEn/ 點(diǎn)火開關(guān)self-check 自

26、校驗(yàn)function shut downCompany Logo2.3.2. Different ABS systems - Bosch ABS 2 - FunctionPhase 1, Pressure increase:This is the normal position of the valve for non-ABS braking and during the pressure increase phase of ABS braking. The EBCM is passive, and does not energize the solenoid valve, if there

27、is no indication the wheel lock. This position directly connects the master cylinder and wheel circuit, Master cylinder pressure applies to the wheel circuit.solenoid /sulnid/ 電磁螺線管（線圈）Pressure increase decreaseCompany Logo2.3.3. Different ABS systems - Bosch ABS 2 - FunctionPhase 2, Pressure mainta

28、in:When the wheel sensor signal indicates excessive deceleration, the electronic brake control module commands the solenoid valve for that circuit to maintain the hydraulic pressure by isolating the circuit. When the EBCM pressure maintain, it seems to account 50% of the maximum account, approximate

29、 2A through the solenoid, then move the valve, so the wheel circuit is closed.deceleration accelerationisolate /5aisEleit/ 使隔離excessive /ik5sesiv/ 過度的approximate /E5prCksimeit/ 接近于Company Logo2.3.4. Different ABS systems - Bosch ABS 2 - FunctionPhase 3, Pressure reduce:If isolation of the wheel circ

30、uit does not reduce the locking tendency, the EBCM commands the valve for that circuit reduce the hydraulic pressure. To do so, the EBCM sends 100 per second current approximate 5A through the solenoid, which move the valve far enough to open the circuit between the wheel and accumulator. The excess

31、 pressure will be dump to the accumulator. At the same time, the EBCM energize the return pump which sends fluid from the wheel circuit back to the master cylinder against brake pedal pressure. The return pump continues to run during the rest of the ABS cycle. accumulator/E5kju:mjuleitE/ 蓄能器 dump /d

32、Qmp/ 傾瀉return pump 回油泵Company Logo3. Adjacent systemsCritical driven conditions are not only revealed when braking.Also apparent when the vehicle starts off, during acceleration and during cornering.Such conditions often put great strain on the driver who may react incorrectly.revealed = apparent st

33、rain /strein/ 壓力Company Logo3.1.1. Principle - Traction controlTraction control is part of the ABS system. It uses the same components but affect the driving wheel only.Components： Wheel sensors Tooth ring Hydraulic control unit Hydraulic actuators on each Driving wheel Electronic control unitWhen o

34、ne of the driving wheel starts to slip, the electronic control unit detects the difference in wheel speed rotation via the wheel speed sensors, the traction control applies the braking to the slipping wheel, that in turn transfers more engine torque or power to the other wheel.tooth ring 齒圈via /5vai

35、E/ 通過slipping wheel 打滑的車輪in turn 反過來（依次）Company Logo3.1.2. Principle - Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)On more and more cars the ABS and power controls are equipped with the following additional functions. The speed of the car must be greater than 50km/h. The retardation force must be greater tha

36、n 0.25G. The relative slip between the front and the rear wheels must be more than 3 km/h. The ECM will switch to normal ABS function if any of the wheels tends to lockup. The brake light switch must signal ECM that the brakes are applied.Electronic Brake Distribution EBDkm/h kilometers per hour ret

37、ardation /7ri:tB:5deiFEn/ 減速signal nv 發(fā)信號/通知 Company Logo3.1.3. Principle - Brake Assist (BA)The brake assists system is design to reduce the stopping distance in a panic situation.Brake assist switch on conditions: Brake light switch “on”, Release switch “on”, Application speed 100mm/s, Car velocit

38、y 8 km/h.Brake assist switch off conditions: Pedal force less than 20N, Brake light switch “off”, Brake assist activation 20s, Car velocity 3 km/h.Brake Assists BA stopping distance 制動距離panic /5pAnik/ 恐慌light switch on switch offvelocity /vi5lCsiti/ 速度mm/s millimeters per secondgreater than less tha

39、nCompany Logo3.1.4. Principle - Electro Hydraulic Braking (EHB)Has the following benefits: Improved pedal feel response; Reduction of stopping distances; Improved noise reduction; Improved brake force apportioning; Adjustable pedal feel by software selection; And higher brake performance efficiency.

40、 Electronic brake management system for actuation and brake modulation.EHB integrates the following features: ABS and traction control (ABS/TC); Vehicle stability control (VSC); Panic brake function (BA); Brake pressure boost; Compatibility with system such as adaptive cruise control. stability /stE

41、5biliti/ 穩(wěn)定性compatibility /kEm7pAti5biliti/ 兼容性adaptive /E5dAptiv/ 適應(yīng)性的cruise /kru:z/ 巡航noise reduction 噪聲降低Company Logo3.1.5. Principle - Engine Drag - Torque Control (MSR)A system that prevents the driving wheels from dragging during deceleration on slippery road surfaces, thus preventing a potent

42、ial skid.When the ECU detects that the driving wheels are about to drag, for instance as a result of sudden release of accelerator pedal on the slippery road, it can increase engine torque by adjusting the electronic throttle. slippery road 濕滑路面accelerator pedal 油門踏板release presselectronic throttle

43、電子節(jié)氣門Company Logo3.1.6. Principle - Electronic Parking Brake (EPB)Beside the developments like power windows, electric seat or mirror adjustment, there is a rising demand for comfort in accordance with increasing safety requirements, this is lead to the development of the electrically powered parkin

44、g brake.Benefits: Low operating forces due to the uses of a switch instead of a lever; Parking brake cables are replace by wiring, no freezing or tearing of cables; High safety level due to the use of a software similar to ABS which avoids blocking with the parking brake when been operated while dri

45、ving; Maximum brake power in all conditions;Electronic Parking Brake EPBpower window 電動車窗electric seat 電調(diào)座椅safety requirements 安全要求brake cable 制動拉索Brake power 制動功率Company Logo3.2. Adjacent systems - ASR-traction controlAcceleration Slip Regulation ASR A car is accelerating, but the right hand front

46、wheel is starting to slip, causing its wheel speed to increase.The animation shows a traction control system using the brakes to decrease the speed of the spinning wheel.Three different ways to decrease the speed of the wheel: Brake only; Engine only; Both brake and engine.Acceleration Slip Regulati

47、on ASR animation /7Ani5meiFEn/ 動畫the right hand front wheel left rear Company Logo3.2.1. ASR-traction control brake onlyExample: Start situationThrottle is applied the low wheel slip increases.Detects the wheel slip and applies the brake on the low wheel.The brake torque is shifted to the high side

48、via a differential.starts to move with an acceleration linked to the used TC brake torque.differential /7difE5renFEl/ 差速器Company Logo3.2.2 ASR-traction control engine onlyThe maximum stabilization of a driving situation is the main target of an engine only system.Example: another start situationBoth

49、 wheels are on low surfaces.Throttle is applied wheel slip increases on both wheels.Detects this wheel slip and engine torque is reduced.Moves with the maximum steer ability and sufficient acceleration.stabilization /7steibilai5zeiFEn/surface/5sE:fis/ 地面（表面）steer ability 轉(zhuǎn)向能力sufficient /sE5fiFEnt/ 足

50、夠的Company Logo3.2.3. ASR-traction control both brake and engine Achieves a maximum of user advantages.Split surfaces without TC;Throttle is applied engine torque is shifted to the low side.Split surfaces with TC;TC applies brake pressure on the low wheel.Torque is then shifted to the high wheel and

51、the vehicle starts to move.Homogenous surface without TC;the factor is too low for the applied engine torque,The vehicle does not move.Homogenous surface with TC;TC reduces the engine torque,The vehicle starts to move.homogenous /hE5mCdVinEs/ 同質(zhì)的torque reduce increaseCompany Logo3.3. Adjacent system

52、s - Vehicle stability control (VSC)VSC also known as vehicle dynamic control system.Designed to help extend the drivers range of vehicle control.Uses information from: A yaw-rate sensor; A lateral acceleration sensor; Sensors for steering angle, anti-lock braking and traction.Vehicle Stability Contr

53、ol VSC yaw-rate sensor 橫擺角速度傳感器 lateral acceleration sensor 側(cè)向加速度傳感器Company Logo3.3.1. Vehicle stability control Principal functionDetermines where the driver wants to go by: Measuring the steering wheel angle, the yaw rate, how much the car is turning, the lateral acceleration, and the individual w

54、heel speeds. Then comparing this information with the preprogram data.Oversteer applies the outside front and/or rear brakes.Understeer applies the inner front and/or rear brakes.steering wheel 方向盤preprogram = prescribedoversteer understeeroutside innerCompany Logo3.3.2. Vehicle stability control Co

55、mponents Electronic control unit ECU; Dynamic stability control switch; Brake force booster; Brake pressure sensor, Yaw rate and lateral acceleration sensor; Steering wheel angle sensor; Wheel speeds sensors; Hydraulic unit; Brake switch; Warning lamps; Diagnostic connector. angle sensor 角度傳感器Diagno

56、stic /7daiE5nCstik/ Diagnose Diagnosisconnector /kE5nEktE(r)/ 接線器Company Logo3.3.3. Vehicle stability control A critical unstable situationA critically unstable situationTo help steer the car in the desired direction, The system applied the brake on the left rear wheel. Brakes applied the right fron

57、t brake, the rear wheels are turning freely.To stop the rear end of the car swing out,Brakes applies on front left wheel.The DSC system stops working when instability is corrected.Dynamic Stability Control - DSC rear end front endswing out 外擺Company Logo3.3.4. Vehicle stability control Hill assistan

58、tSupport any drivers launching a vehicle uphill.Activation criteria: The ignition must be on; Minimum inclination is +/-3%; Sensor and gear directions match; Zero wheel speed; Brakes activated by the driver; Clutch activated.The system will automatically switch off if the friction level is too low a

59、nd the vehicle cannot be hilled safely with the risk of moving downhill.launch = = start vehicleuphill downhill adj. n. advcriteria criterion/krai5tiEriEn/ 條件gear /iE/ 齒輪，傳動裝置inclination /7inkli5neiFEn/ 傾角 incline/in5klain/ n. vi, vt“Top Gear” BBCCompany Logo4.1. Translation - 1.1.6 Dual circuit typ

60、e brakesFront rear split: In the front rear split one of the two circuits supplied by a tandem master cylinder is connected to the front brakes, and the other circuit to the rear brakes. This is the simplest system, and is commonly fitted to cars with rear wheel drive. With this layout, it is partic