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1、二輪復習書面表達中高級語法運用技巧之一:非謂語動詞動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞和不定式一、動名詞動名詞是由動詞的 ?ing 形式構成,兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞。 它可以帶有自己的賓語, 也能被副詞修飾。 動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變 化,可以作主語、賓語、表語和定語等。Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic. 這樣野蠻的騎車方式導致了交通混亂。 (2015?江蘇 )Some students are addicted to playing computer games and some often cheat in the
2、exams.一些學生迷戀玩網(wǎng)絡游戲, 還有一些經(jīng)常在考試中作弊。 (2015?廣東 )As for cheating in the exams, I will tell them the importance of honesty.至于考試作弊,我會告訴他們誠實的重要性。 (2015?廣東 )As an old saying goe,s living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.俗話說得好,生活沒有明確的目標就好像航海沒有指南針。 (2015?重 慶)Hope to meet you
3、at the training camp this summer. 希望在今年夏天的訓練營見到你。 (2015?北京 )As a student ,I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.作為一個學生, 我可以告訴你, 沒有什么比在同學們面前受到老師表 揚更好的事情了。 (2015?湖南 )二、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式: doing;一般被動式: being done;完成式: having done;完成被動式: having been
4、done。 所有否定式都是在 ?ing 前面 加 not ,包括獨立主格形式。 現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動詞的特征, 可以有自 己的賓語和狀語;又具有形容詞和副詞的特征, 可以充當表語,定語, 狀語,補足語,表示主動或正在進行的動作。(1)While visiting the art exhibition ,we discussed the great artists works.參觀藝術展時,我們討論了偉大的藝術家們的作品。 (2016?天津 )(2)A week before Earth Day,posters were put up around our school , calling upon
5、 us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 地球日的前一周,學校里張貼了海報,號召我們參加綠化地球的行動。 (2016?北京)(3)I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. 得知你對中國歷史感興趣,我感到很自豪。 (2016?北京 )Some riders of e?bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions, ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles. 一些騎電動車和自行車的人
6、朝四面八方往來穿梭, 忽視交通燈和其他車輛。 (2015?江蘇) (5)With English words getting popular in both media and daily life , a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups:“For” and “Against” 隨著英語單詞在媒體和日常生活中越來越流行, 一本漢語詞典收錄了 239 個英語單詞,這使公眾分成了相反的兩派: “贊成”和“反對” 。 (2014?江蘇)(6
7、)In the coming three years,our school life will be challenging. 在未來三年中,我們的學校生活將會是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的。 (2014?江西 )(7)Hearing this,the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmates face turned red. 聽到這個,全班同學大笑起來,我同桌的臉變紅了。 (2013?湖北 )(8)These days,breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon , causing seri
8、ous harm to life and the environment. 目前,違反交通規(guī)則,亂扔垃圾的事情屢見不鮮,對生活和環(huán)境造成 了嚴重破壞。 (2013?安徽 )三、過去分詞 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主要差別在于:現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動和進行” ; 過去分詞表示“被動和完成” (不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動, 只表示完成 )。分詞都可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等??梢?充當表語、定語、狀語和補足語。As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities. 按照日程安排,我們參加了幾個有教育意義的活動。 (2016?天
9、津) (2)The “ ForeignC ultures s”e ction in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. 在我們報紙上的“外國文化”這一節(jié)很受我們學生的歡迎。它有一些 外國朋友寫的關于他們本國文化的文章。 (2015?全國 )(3)Compared to the traditional ones,they have three new uni
10、que functions.與傳統(tǒng)的相比,他們有三個新的獨特功能。 (2014?湖南)(4)I am really moved and inspired by her kindness. 我被她的善良感動和鼓舞著。 (2014?廣東)(5)However,it was harder than expected.然而,它比預料的難。 (2014?福建)(6)I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. 我注意到入口處很小而且?guī)缀醣欢氯恕?(2014?北京) 即時訓練用非謂語動詞翻譯下列句子 1我喜歡被表揚。 (2015?湖南)I li
11、ke being praised. 2大師寫的經(jīng)典作品通過迷人的故事和語言展現(xiàn)出偉大的思想。 (2014?浙江)Classic works,written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.3得知我們的圖書館要買書,我想給一些建議。 (2014?浙江 )Knowing that our library is going to buy books ,I d like to give some suggestions.4因為對那件事感到相當抱歉, 我開始考慮做點什么給予幫助。 (2
12、013 ?陜西)Feeling quite sorry for that,I begin to think about what to do to help.5美麗的月亮掛在天空,我們坐在一起吃月餅和水果,分享我們的故事。 (2013?遼寧)With the beautiful moon up in the sky , we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories.不定式 動詞不定式是構成長句的一個重要因素。 不定式由自己的賓語、 狀語 和補足語, 組成不定式短語。 在分析句子時要把不定式短語看作一個 整體。不
13、定式在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補足語。一、不定式作主語(1)It is everybody s duty to observe them to keep our society in order.遵守它們 (交通規(guī)則 )以保持社會秩序是每個人的責任。 (2015?江蘇 )(2)It takes four to six weeks to finish the report. 要完成這個報告會花費我四到六周的時間。 (2015?廣東 )It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the lo
14、cal life.能告訴你關于當?shù)厣畹囊恍┫嚓P信息是我的榮幸。 (2014?天津 )(4)We can see that it s not uncommon for one language to borrow wordsfrom other languages.我們可以看到一種語言借用其他語言的詞匯的現(xiàn)象很普遍。 (2014?江 蘇)(5)It nost difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.對他們來說,在漢語語境中理解這些詞匯并不難。 (2014?江蘇 )二、不定式作賓語(1)I learned
15、from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. 我從你的海報上得知你想提高普通話。 (2015?四川 )(2)I tend to take the “ Against ” side for two reasons. 我傾向于支持反對方,原因有兩個。 (2014?江蘇 )(3)People need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. 人們需要學會接受事實,繼續(xù)努力。 (2013?北京 )(4)I will regard it as my duty to help ke
16、ep our environment clean and healthy.我會把它當作我的職責,以幫助保持我們的環(huán)境清潔和健康。 (2013? 安徽)三、不定式作表語The important thing is to learn to control your temper. 重要的是學會控制你的情緒。 (2014?安徽 )(2)The first thing I plan to do is to do a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant.我計劃做的第一件事是在快餐店做兼職。 (2013?山東 )四、不定式作定語(1)Our class came
17、 up with the idea to make better use of used materials. 我們班提出了更好地利用舊材料的想法。 (2016?北京 )(2)Could we make another appointment to go to the bookstore together?我們能另約個時間一起去書店嗎? (2016?全國 )(3)Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. 成功在于百折不撓。 (2014?福建 )五、不定式作狀語(1)In order to earn
18、 some extra money and reduce my familys burden, Id like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part- time job. 為了掙些外快減少家庭負擔, 我想去外資企業(yè)找一份兼職工作。 (2016 ?全國)(2)We should make full use of time to study. 我們應該充分利用時間來學習。 (2015?廣東 ) (3)We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get pr
19、epared for the future. 我們應該努力通過學習提高自我,為未來做好準備。 (2015?福建 )A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. 一個人迅速跑過去給那個女孩急救,我毫不猶豫地參與了。 (2014?湖 北)To make our life easier and the environment more beautiful , I have designed a pair of magic shoes. 為了使我們的生活更輕松
20、環(huán)境更美好,我設計了一雙有魔力的鞋。 (2014?湖南)六、不定式作補足語She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.她耐心地向學生解釋所有的規(guī)則, 而且要求他們每個人要遵守。 (2015 ?廣東)I d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.我想邀請你在下周六和我們一起去
21、附近的敬老院過重陽節(jié)。 (2015?全 國)In my opinion , those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success. 在我看來,那些收到她的捐贈的人會受到鼓勵,會更努力地學習,盡 他們的最大努力獲得成功。 (2014?廣東 )Every one of you is expected to be part of the event. 希望每個人都是這個活動中的一部分。 (2014?遼寧 )We were as
22、ked to make a sentence with it. 我們被要求用它造一個句子。 (2013?湖北 )七、疑問詞不定式Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. 上周二,我們班邀請了一位老工匠來教我們怎樣做面人。 (2015?北京 )It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.非常榮幸在這里與你們分享我的關
23、于高中學習內(nèi)容的觀點。 (2014?江 西)八、形容詞不定式(1)Dear guests, you are welcome to take part in some activities. 親愛的來賓,歡迎大家參加一些活動。 (2014?陜西 )(2)I vemry delighted to learn that you rceo ming to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term. 我很高興得知下學期你要作為一名交換生來我們班和我們一起學習。 (2014?天津)I am good at communicati
24、ng and always ready to help others. 我擅長交際,樂于助人。 (2013?天津 )At this very moment,my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. 就在這時,我的父母回來了,看到所有房間整潔、地面光亮感到非常 驚訝。 (2013?陜西)(5)However,without their hard work , it is difficult to imagine what our environment w
25、ould be like.然而,如果沒有他們的辛勤勞動, 很難想象我們的環(huán)境會是什么樣的。 (2013?廣東)九、不定式的主動形式表達被動含義(1)The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. 自行車似乎很沉,難以控制。 (2014?福建 )(2)Once,I was faced with great difficulty in learning English,especially in vocabulary and grammar,which,from my point of view ,is unlikely to overcome.我曾經(jīng)在學英語方面面臨很大困難, 尤其是詞匯和語法, 這在我看來 是不可能克服的。 (2014?山東 )(3)In some experts opinion,livi
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