2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題13特殊句式含解析

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題13特殊句式含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題13特殊句式含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題13特殊句式含解析專(zhuān)題13 特殊句式特殊句式概覽倒裝倒裝分兩種：將主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，稱(chēng)為全部倒裝；有時(shí)候只將部分謂語(yǔ)（如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）提到主語(yǔ)之前，稱(chēng)為部分倒裝。部分倒裝概覽部分倒裝的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be+主語(yǔ)+（主要?jiǎng)釉~） （1）含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這類(lèi)詞（組）有：never, seldom， rarely， little, few, at no t

2、ime， by no means， no longer， hardly/scarcely 。. when .， no sooner .。. than 。.。， not only 。. but also .。， not until， nowhere, neither . nor 。 等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills。Not sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain。Not only am I inte

3、resed in photography， but I took a course at university， so its actually of special interest to me。 (2)“only狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.Only in this way can we solve this problem.Only then did he realize that he has made a

4、 mistake。 (3)so/such . that 。 結(jié)構(gòu)中的so, such 連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝.Such great progress did he make that he was praised.So louldly did she shout that everyone in the distance could hear her. (4)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于后者時(shí)，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”（so表示肯定意義,neither/nor表示否定意義）。I saw the film Harry

5、 Potter last week； so did she.Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish. (5)在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形要位于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。Strange as it may sound， if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires. （6)在非真實(shí)條件句中,條件句中的if省略時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞h

6、ad， were， should要提到主語(yǔ)前面。Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too.Were I you， I would take her advice。Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home (7)“may動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿時(shí)，通常將may置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序.May you succeed。全部倒裝概覽全部倒裝句子結(jié)構(gòu):謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)1。 以引導(dǎo)詞there開(kāi)頭的倒裝句1there be句型中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，可以和助動(dòng)詞或情

7、態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。There have been many great changes in our country since then。 There must be a mistake somewhere.2there be句型中的be有時(shí)可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain， live， stand， lie, exist等替換.There seems to be an announcement about the project。There happened to be a man w

8、alking by。3there be結(jié)構(gòu)的常用句式There is no point/sense （in) doing sth。做某事沒(méi)有意義。There is no doubt about .。./that 。 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)There is no need (for sb.） to do sth。（某人）沒(méi)有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做）某事(沒(méi)）有困難/麻煩。There is （no） possibility of （doing) sth。/that 。（做）某事(沒(méi))有可能性。This do

9、esnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing。2。 以方位副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的倒裝句here， there， now， then, out, in， up, down, away， below， inside， outside， on the wall, in the room 等表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝.John opened the door. T

10、here stood a girl he had never seen before。South of the river lies a small factory.3。 有時(shí)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.Seated on the grass are a group of young students。高考分析（二）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是高考經(jīng)?？嫉降恼Z(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。主要考點(diǎn)：1。it；2.that；3.n

11、otuntil結(jié)構(gòu)。做題時(shí)要特別注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為狀語(yǔ)從句或含有定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),一定要分析句子，看清楚缺少的成分。（1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who句子其他部分。該句型可對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，且作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who或that，其他情況下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled。 特別注意強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意連接詞和謂語(yǔ)的一致性

12、.It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. (2）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu):Is/Wasit被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher？ （3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？ 特別注意由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序。She doesnt know

13、 who it was that saved her son。 （4）not .。 until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was not until 。.。 that句子其他部分。It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.直到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到了健康的重要性。2強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞It is/was 。.。who/that .。結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.可用助動(dòng)詞do， does或did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address， b

14、ut I forgot all about it.（三）省略為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù)，省略居中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子成分，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為省略.被省略的部分例句主語(yǔ)（I) Beg your pardon。(It） Sounds like a good idea.謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分（Is there） Anything I can do for you?(Is） Anybody here？賓語(yǔ)A: Where has Mr Smith gone?B:Sorry, I dont know (where he has gone)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分（Are you） Hungry？（I wan

15、t） Orange juice, please.不定式to后省略動(dòng)詞A： Would you like to come to the party?B： Id love to（come to the party.）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略陳述句中的省略情景省略根據(jù)說(shuō)話的情景省略某些詞語(yǔ)，這種情況在日常交際用語(yǔ)中大量存在. （There is) No problem。(Do you) Mind if I sit down？應(yīng)答語(yǔ)省略在應(yīng)答語(yǔ)中，?？筛鶕?jù)問(wèn)句內(nèi)容省略某些詞語(yǔ).Diane： Oh really？ So have I。 Which language you studying？Rob:（I am s

16、tudying） Chinese.結(jié)構(gòu)省略根據(jù)慣常語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)省略某些詞語(yǔ)。Ive lived here (for） ten years。Two weeks （from） now is New Years Day.Today I met her at the tailors （shop).疑問(wèn)句中的省略在疑問(wèn)句中有時(shí)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可以省略主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/be、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)等.(Have you） Been here before？（I beg your） Pardon? 祈使句中的省略（Be）Quick!(Wait） Just a moment！(Pay) attention， please!感

17、嘆句中的省略 （Thats)excellent！What a lovely autumn day (it is）!How amazing （it is) ！二、并列句中的省略 在并列句中，后面分句中與前面分句相同的部分,?？墒÷?，以避免重復(fù).省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞They learn French and we （learn） Enlgish.John won the first race and Jimmy （won) the second.省略賓語(yǔ)My father planned (all these houses） and they built all these houses.省略“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)

18、詞”Coral is not a plant but (coral is） a variety of animal life。省略“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞She tried to persuade her husband to give up smoking， but (she tried) in vain.省略“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)John was the winner in 2005, but Bob (was the winner) in 2006.省略“謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”I will buy a new car， and he will （buy a new car) too。省略“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”

19、South Korea has increased trade with China and （it has increased trade) with other EastAsian countries too.三、 復(fù)合句中的省略1。 賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略(1) 在which，when，where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，?？墒÷耘c主句相同的部分，僅保留一個(gè)連接詞。She cant come， but I dont know why （she cant come）。She will go to Paris， but I dont know when （ she will go to P

20、aris)。(2）在對(duì)話中,答語(yǔ)有時(shí)是一個(gè)包含賓語(yǔ)從句的句子，但常常省略。Will it rain tonight？-I hope （it will） not （rain tonight）.-Is Mr King in his office？-Sorry, I donk know （whether he is in his office or not）.（3) 在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語(yǔ)從句中,引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that可以省略，其余的則不可省略.The girl told him (that ) they were on a train trip across Canada and

21、that they had only one day in Montreal。(4） 在某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞（如sure， glad, certain, pleased， happy, afraid, surprised， satisfied）后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中,連詞that可省略。My parents were very pleased （that） I had passed the exam。2. 定語(yǔ)從句的省略定語(yǔ)從句中可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞;在非正式文體中，也可省略關(guān)系副詞when和why;關(guān)系代詞as后面的主謂成分或助動(dòng)詞be也可省略.She is the one （whom） w

22、e say the other day。Her work changed the way （that) people think about chimps.She gave the same answer as (she had given) before.3狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略在as if, if, though， when， where， while, no matter what， until等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)部分含be動(dòng)詞,而主語(yǔ)又與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)中的be動(dòng)詞可以一起省略.All the photographs in this book，

23、unless （the photographs are） stated otherwise, date from the 1950s。4動(dòng)詞不定式的省略在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后接不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往將不定式符號(hào)to省略;在同一句話或同一情景對(duì)話中,當(dāng)同一動(dòng)作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時(shí)，通常省略該動(dòng)作而保留不定式符號(hào)to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to。5so/not構(gòu)成替代省略英語(yǔ)中還常常用so/not等來(lái)代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容，s

24、o/not多跟在Im afraid， I hope， I think, I guess， I believe等開(kāi)頭的答句中。Do you think it will rain?-你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？-I hope so/not.-我希望下/不下。6常用的if相關(guān)的省略結(jié)構(gòu)if ever如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的話if busy 如果忙的話if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的話if so 如果這樣的話if not 如果不的話if necessary 如果必要的話特殊句式練習(xí)題單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2018天津高考改編)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat。 2(2017天津高考改編）It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors。3（2016天津高考改編)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach pick