陜西省咸陽(yáng)市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試試題含解析

1、陜西省咸陽(yáng)市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試試題含解析陜西省咸陽(yáng)市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試試題含解析PAGE PAGE - 39 -陜西省咸陽(yáng)市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試試題含解析陜西省咸陽(yáng)市永壽中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試試題（含解析）第一部分:聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié) （共5小題,每小題1。5分,滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話.每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1。 What do we know a

2、bout the man?A. He hasnt eaten any sandwich yet.B。 He thinks the first sandwich is better。C. Hes too full to eat another sandwich.2。 Why are the neighbors moving out？A。 They dont like the flat.B. They cant afford the high rent。C。 The landlord doesnt mean what he says.3。 How did the man hear about th

3、e fire？A。 Over the phone. B。 On the television。 C。 In the newspaper.4. Where is the woman going first？A。 To the cinema. B. To the concert。 C。 To the bank.5。 What are the two speakers going to do tomorrow afternoon?A。 Go shopping.B. Return to the beach.C。 Pay a visit to Joe and Linda。第二節(jié) （共15小題,每小題1.

4、5分,滿分22。5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置.聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你都有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題， 每小題5秒鐘.聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6至第7小題。6. Where does this conversation take place?A. At an airport. B。 At a seaport。 C. At a railway station.7。 How soon will the man get on board？A. In about 1

5、0 minutes。 B. In about 20 minutes。 C。 In about 30 minutes。聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至第10小題。8. What colour of carpet does the man suggest?A. Blue. B. White。 C. Green。9。 What is the possible result the woman worries about？A。 She cant return the carpet if she doesnt like it.B. She cant decide the right colour for the

6、 carpet.C。 She cant afford the high price of the carpet.10. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A。 In a store. B。 In the street。 C. In the womans house。聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至第13小題。11. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers？A。 Friends。 B. Strangers. C。 Neighbours。12。

7、 What are the two speakers talking about？A. Their habits。 B. Their families。 C。 Their neighbours.13。 What is the mans trouble？A。 He cant give up smoking.B. Hes often disturbed at night。C。 He has no house of his own。聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至第17小題。14. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers？A。

8、Mother and son. B。 Captain and player. C. Teacher and student.15. What is the womans main purpose of talking to the man?A。 To learn what he does every day。B. To help him to manage his time better.C. To suggest making full use of his spare time.16。 How long does the man work at the supermarket every

9、day?A。 2 hours. B。 3 hours. C。 4 hours。l7。 What does the man agree to give up?A. Doing a parttime job。B。 Having football practice.C. Working at the student center.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至第20小題。18。 What is the man？A. A sports trainer。 B. A radio reporter。 C。 A ball player.19。 What is the man describing?A. A fo

10、otball game。 B。 A volleyball game。 C。 A basketball game。20。 Which is the winning team？A。 Germany. B. England。 C。 Spain。第二部分： 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，共計(jì)40分）第一節(jié) （共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。ASupply Primary Teachers NeededWe work with a group of Good and Excellent schools locate

11、d across London。 We are looking for excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities。About Supply TeachingSupply teaching gives you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of different schools. You have the option of dayto-day supply or long-term supp

12、ly, which could lead to a full time employment。You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(課程）。 If you have experience， then please dont hesitate to apply.You would be working with students who have varied needs.We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are a

13、ble to teach and engage with the whole class while teaching。Supply roles are great for experienced teachers and newly qualified teachers looking to gain experience.Key ResponsibilitiesTo teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students。To plan and prepare effective s

14、chemes of work and lessons.To use regular assessments to set targets for students， and monitor their progress。To maintain regular and productive communication with students and parents.The Perfect CandidateMust hold a university diploma.Able to work well within a team。Strong understanding of the pri

15、mary curriculum。Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students。Deadline： Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am。Contact UsPlease dont hesitate to contact us at ASQ Education。If you feel like this is not quite the right role for you， please still contact us at ASQ Education, we hav

16、e a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School.1. What main duties should a supply teacher take？A. Plan， prepare and teach effective lessons。B。 Guide students to experience after-school activities。C。 Set targets to become a full time employee。D. Make sure of the students freedom and flexibilit

17、y.2. Which of the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher？A。 One who has a clear idea of primary curriculumB。 One who has great passion for teaching.C。 One who has teaching experience。D. One who likes working alone。3. If you want to apply for the position， you should _。A。 have humorous pers

18、onalityB。 apply before 4th January 2018 at 9 amC。 contact the schools located across London directlyD. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance【答案】1。 A 2. D 3。 B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則代課教師的招聘啟示，主要介紹了其工作內(nèi)容、職責(zé)、招聘條件及聯(lián)系方式.【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)“Key Responsibilities”部分內(nèi)容“To teach effective lessons

19、 that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students.(教授有效的、能鼓舞并讓全體學(xué)生快速進(jìn)步的課程）”及“To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons。(計(jì)劃并準(zhǔn)備有效的工作和課程方案)”可知，計(jì)劃、籌備并進(jìn)行有效的教學(xué)是老師的主要職責(zé)之一,故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The Perfect Candidate部分“Able to work well within a team.”可知，作為一名代課教師,應(yīng)該有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神，所以D項(xiàng)“喜歡獨(dú)自工作的

20、人”不適合作為作為代課教師。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Deadline： Apply by Thursday， 4th January 2018 at 9 am?！笨芍?最后截止日期是2018年1月4日周四上午9點(diǎn)，所以如果項(xiàng)申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位，要在此日期之前，故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】BToday, I felt terriblemy head was full of problems and confusion。 I decided to take a walk even though I didnt know where I would go。 The most extraordin

21、ary thing happened when I was out on this walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair。 He was a seller of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and nobody was buying his shoes.I wanted to give him something but I had not brought anything with me. Then, a little girl came toward him. I heard the child

22、say， “Grandfather， may I polish your shoes? That old man took pity on her, smiled and he gave her a shoe to polish。 The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.” The old man answered， “Oh, little girl。 Just stop doing this。 Come with me and I will bu

23、y you a uniform。”Then they walked to a market (I followed behind） and he bought her a uniform. The girl was so happy. She said, “Thank you so much for doing this。 Then she left， leaving the old man smiling. He walked away from the market, but I stopped him.I whispered in his ear, “You are a hero! Th

24、ank you for your kindness!” As I walked away, I glanced back and I could see him still smiling. I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen。 Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! Amazing!My own sadness had completely disappeared, chased away by the light

25、 of this kind act。 I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for.4. Why did the girl want to polish shoes for the old man?A。 To support the old mans business。B. To show her pity on the old man.C。 To earn money to buy something to her brother.D. To attract the attention of passersby to buy m

26、ore shoes。5。 What can we know about the old man from the passage?A。 He has not enough to eat and wear。B。 He is very cold to others。C。 He is a kind and generous man。D。 He is in a poor health condition.6。 What words can be described the girls character?A. Friendly and caring。B. Greedy and kind。C. Enth

27、usiastic and impatient。D. Mean and sad。7。 What may the author learn from the old man？A。 Compared with helping others， personal sadness is not important.B。 One should live by ones own work not by others help。C。 One shouldnt look down upon the one who needs help.D。 Even though one has little， he shoul

28、d try to help others.【答案】4. C 5. C 6。 A 7. D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者看見(jiàn)一個(gè)賣舊鞋的的可憐老人幫助了一個(gè)想通過(guò)擦鞋賺錢(qián)給哥哥買(mǎi)新校服的小女孩，老人這一善良慷慨的行為使作者的悲傷消失了?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The girl said， “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform?！?女孩說(shuō):“我擦鞋是因?yàn)槲倚枰X(qián)給我哥哥買(mǎi)一套新校服.可知，女孩想掙錢(qián)給她哥哥買(mǎi)東西因此給老人擦鞋。故選C項(xiàng).【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題

29、。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! 我被剛才看到的友善深深打動(dòng)了.一個(gè)自己一無(wú)所有的人卻表現(xiàn)出令人難以置信的慷慨！可知，老人他是一個(gè)善良慷慨的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new schoo

30、l uniform.” 女孩說(shuō):“我擦鞋是因?yàn)槲倚枰X(qián)給我哥哥買(mǎi)一套新校服。以及第三段中The girl was so happy。 She said， “Thank you so much for doing this.” 女孩很高興。她說(shuō)：“非常感謝你所做的一切。可知,這個(gè)女孩是友好和體貼人的.故選A項(xiàng).【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! 一個(gè)自己一無(wú)所有的人卻表現(xiàn)出令人難以置信的慷慨！以及最后一段中 I began realiz

31、ing that I have a lot to be thankful for. 我開(kāi)始意識(shí)到我有很多事情要感謝?？芍?，從老人身上,作者可以學(xué)到“即使一個(gè)人一無(wú)所有，他也應(yīng)該設(shè)法幫助別人。的道理。故選D項(xiàng).CAdults perform better when they have a lot to gain or lose。 But scientists did not know whether teens did too。 To find out， Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a

32、 game. The participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen。 They had to click as fast as they could when they saw a planet with designs. They were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs.The participants could earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones.

33、 In other sessions， theyd get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones。 Players of all ages wanted to win the money， and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones。As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high。 But teens 13 to 18 played just as

34、well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar。 Only 19 or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.Insels team published this work November 28， 2017， in Nature Communications。Brains change and mature during adolescence。 And not all parts grow at the same rate. Insel was interes

35、ted in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the ventral striatum (腹側(cè)紋狀體）， it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during the teen years.The brains prefrontal cortex (前額葉） takes longer to mature。 This area is important

36、 for planning and setting goals。 It may not mature until early adulthood.Nerve pathways think of them as the brains “wiring” - connect the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex。 This lets the two regions communicate to make decisions. But because the prefrontal cortex matures later， the wiring betw

37、een the two may not be complete until adulthood。8。 Which of the following can explain Insels research？A。 Teens ignore key points in many aspects。B。 Adults behave better with higher rewards.C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work.D。 Adults behave more maturely than children in every way

38、.9. What does the underlined word “stakes” refer to?A. The final results of games or experiments.B。 The things that can be gained or lost in races.C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games。D. The powers that make one feel less pressure or pain。10。 From the passage， we can know _.A。

39、the experiment aims to find out adults behaviour facing high stakesB。 teens have better performances in the first roundsC. adults care less about the experiment at firstD. adults and teens show differently with high stakes11. Which is the best title of the passage？A. Unlike adults, teens dont perfor

40、m better with high stakesB. Who perform better， adults or children？C。 Stakes are the key points in promoting ones passionD. Whether low stakes or high stakes， one behaves similarly【答案】8。 B 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要闡述了因?yàn)榇竽X中的前額葉發(fā)育不成熟，面對(duì)高和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或賭注，青少年表現(xiàn)相差無(wú)幾,而成年人則面對(duì)高賭注，表現(xiàn)更好?！?題詳解】推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句O

41、nly 19- or 20year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes。（當(dāng)提高籌碼時(shí),只有19歲或者20歲地孩子在游戲中表現(xiàn)更好）可推知，18歲的成年人在籌碼增大時(shí)，表現(xiàn)更好。故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文可知，stakes在此處指實(shí)驗(yàn)中提到的earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones(正確答案賺20美分,錯(cuò)誤答案損失10美分）和get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar

42、 for wrong ones.（正確答案得到1美元，錯(cuò)誤答案損失0。5美元。），由此可推知，指比賽中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或賭注。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段第二句和第三句But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar。 Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.可知，提高實(shí)驗(yàn)地籌碼級(jí)別，成年人表現(xiàn)得更好,而13到18歲地孩子表現(xiàn)和原來(lái)無(wú)異。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意

43、題.文章通過(guò)具體實(shí)驗(yàn)，闡述了因?yàn)榇竽X中的前額葉發(fā)育不成熟，面對(duì)高和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或賭注,青少年表現(xiàn)相差無(wú)幾，而成年人則面對(duì)高賭注，表現(xiàn)更好.A項(xiàng)：與成年人不同，青少年在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情況下表現(xiàn)并不會(huì)更好.符合題意.故選A。DDriverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently announced plans to launch selfsailing ships to improve safety and efficiency.One of them i

44、s Norwegian chemical company Yara International。 Yara has designed to build an autonomous ship expected to launch next year. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution。 It is designed to carry containers normally transported by truck。 This means the ship will also improve road safety by repl

45、acing about 40,000 truck trips a year。Yara plans to operate the ships by remote control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves. Another company focusing on selfsailing ships is the worlds largest mining company， Australias BHP Billiton. The companys

46、 Vice President of Freight， Rashpal Bhatti， recently spoke about the technology。 He said, “I believe automation will be one of the biggest changes for shipping in the future.” Autonomous ships offer important chances to improve safety and provide better efficiency outcomes to the marine supply chain

47、. He added that selfsailing ships could become a reality within the next decade.Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer， is also developing unmanned shipping technologies. Oskar Levander is the companys head of marine operations。 He told a conference last year, “This is happening

48、. Its not if, its when.”Several shipping companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop selfsailing ships expected to be used by 2025。 These ships will be equipped with technology to collect weather and sea data。 They will then use the data to plan out the safest， shortest and mo

49、st fuelefficient route.12. What advantages does the driverless ship have according to the passage？A. Environmental friendly.B. Without noise.C。 Low cost。D。 Having stronger ship body。13。 What can we learn from paragraph 3？A. Australias BHP Billiton is the worlds largest ship company.B。 The ships will

50、 work almost automatically by 2020.C。 Bhatti isnt sure of the future of driverless ship。D。 Selfsailing ships will be used in a couple of years。14. What attitude does Oskar Levander have to the new driverless ship？A。 Unsure。B。 Doubtful。C。 Sure.D。 Objective.15. Where is probably the passage taken from

51、？A A physics textbook.B。 A travel booklet.C. An advertisement。D。 A science report?！敬鸢浮?2. A 13。 B 14. C 15。 D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了無(wú)人駕駛技術(shù)在航運(yùn)業(yè)的運(yùn)用，一些公司宣布推出無(wú)人駕駛船只來(lái)提高航海安全和效率的計(jì)劃.【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段第三句“The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution。(這艘船全部采用電動(dòng)化以減少空氣污染。）”可知,無(wú)人駕駛的船只最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于減少空氣污染，所以其優(yōu)勢(shì)是環(huán)保

52、.故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves.(預(yù)計(jì)到2020年，這些船可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自主裝船和航行。）”可知，到2020年，無(wú)人駕駛的輪船幾乎可以自動(dòng)運(yùn)行。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句He told a conference last year， “This is happening。 Its not if, its when.”(去年，他在一次會(huì)議上指出：“這正在發(fā)生.沒(méi)有如果，只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。”）可知，Oskar Levander認(rèn)為無(wú)人駕駛

53、的船只是一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的，只是時(shí)間的問(wèn)題。所以O(shè)skar Levander對(duì)無(wú)人駕駛輪船的態(tài)度是肯定的.故選C項(xiàng).【15題詳解】推理判斷題。通斷全文，并結(jié)合文章第一句“Driverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping.(無(wú)人駕駛技術(shù)將很快進(jìn)入全球另一個(gè)重要工業(yè)：航運(yùn)業(yè).)”可知,文章主要介紹了無(wú)人駕駛技術(shù)在航運(yùn)業(yè)的運(yùn)用,很多公司宣布推出無(wú)人駕駛船只來(lái)提高航海安全和效率的計(jì)劃，所以可能摘自一篇科技報(bào)道。故選D項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】第二節(jié) (共5小題,每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選

54、出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多項(xiàng)。Here are some ways of encouraging a friend to get through a difficult time.1。 Make contact。When you find out that someone is going through a crisis， get in contact with them as soon as possible。 If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email。 _16_ This is especi

55、ally important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house。2。 Listen to them without judgment.People need to tell their stories in their own time. Of course youre going to have opinions about their situation。 _17_ Focus on your friend， so they work through the healin

56、g process.3。 Offer practical help。Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for them. _18_ Help them out with some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them， helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk.4。 _19_When someo

57、ne is going through a difficult life event， the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten。 They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance。 Remind them to do things like shower， and exercise。5. Dont take over their life。Taking over their life may overwhelm them。 _20_ Dont just ta

58、ke your friend to dinner, ask them where and when they want to dine。 Letting them make decisions， even if theyre small decisions, can go long way towards reclaiming their power。A. Even doing some little things can make a difference.B. You should offer options to them.C. Sometimes visiting someone in

59、 person is also effective.D。 You should use your past experiences to help them.E。 But it isnt always necessary to share your advice。F。 Its better to be there for them。G. Encourage your friend to keep up with the life basics.【答案】16。 C 17。 E 18. A 19. G 20. B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要就如何鼓勵(lì)朋友度過(guò)難關(guān)，提出了五點(diǎn)建議?！?6題詳解】

60、根據(jù)上文When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as soon as possible。 If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email。（當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在經(jīng)歷危機(jī)時(shí)，盡快與他們聯(lián)系。如果對(duì)方離你很遠(yuǎn)，打個(gè)電話或發(fā)個(gè)郵件)以及后文This is especially important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficu