高考英語(yǔ)必考詞匯速記課講義

1、高考英語(yǔ)必考詞速記博士編講1老師的成功英語(yǔ)誓言Whether you are lionazelle you must sprforsurvival！Whether you are poor or wealthy you must strive forsucs！I can make it！2第一部分構(gòu)詞法lprfenlazen n.industrialization ndstrlazen n.centralizationsentrlaizein n.l ntprvnl a.ntrktvity n.ntmrd n.3ermarriageeractivityrovinprofesaizationdi

2、ssatisfaction dsstsfkn n.appropriateness prupritnis n.overcrowdedness vkraddns n.ffgetflnis n.microbiologist makrbaldst n.environmentalistnvarnmentlstn.4etfulnessindividualism ndvdu:lzmcollectivismmaterialism mtri:lzmidealismmisinformationmisinfmein n.subconsciously sbknsl ad.詞以類(lèi)記surpasssurfacesurpl

3、ussurrealismernism5tmodunderestimatendrestimeit v.undersement ndstetmnt n.詞以類(lèi)記：underlineunderunderlyingantibacterialntibktiril a.inappropriate nprpri:t a.petently inkmpitntli ad.insensitivity insenstiviti n.6multinationalmlti:nnl a.preconception pri:knsepn n.puter sju:pkmpju:t n.uncontrollable nkntr

4、lbl a.unsustainablensstenbl a.unpredictabilitynprdktbility n.unenlightenedninlaitnd a.unfortunaynftntli ad.unentionalnntnnl a.unprecedentednpresdentd a.7第二部分必備詞綴overheaduvhed overhearuvhi overlookuvluk【例】The secretary is very careful and never overlooks any little pooverloadvld oversleepvsli:ps.ance

5、rntikns antihuman ntihju:mnantiwar ntiw:disappeardispi【例】Dont judgeapparent prnt【例】It was apparentrson by ones appearance.t he knew nothing about how to repair cars.【例】apparent causedisappodisp8前綴 dis前綴 anti前綴 overappop【例】We must appoa new teacher at once to the mountain school.disregarddisri:d【例】Sh

6、e compleregardri:dy disregarded our objection.【例】You cant regard him as a friend but a business assoregardless ri:dliste.【例】He says what he thinks regardless of all of peoples feelings.disgrace【例】His scandal disgraced his family.dividedivaid divorce div:s diffuse difju:s【例】A drop milk diffusedconfus

7、eknfju:zhe water.【例】They confused me by asking so many questions.【例】I was confused by all the noise.refuserifju:z discard disk:d dissolvedizlv【例】Water dissolves salt.9前綴 dis=di=away 離開(kāi)/分開(kāi)solveslv soluble sljubl【例】These tablets are soluble in water.solutionslu:n【例】This is the only practical solution

8、imaginable.resolverizlv【例】He resolved on going out.resolute rezlu:t【例】resolute optimistresolutionrezlu:n【例】His encouragement and support strengthened our resolution.【例】All those in favor of the resolution should raise their hands.distributedistribju:t【例】They distributed books to students.tributetrib

9、ju:t attributetribju:t【例】David attributed his companycs to the unity of all thestaff.contributekntribjutdistinguishdistiwi【例】Can you distinguish betn those two objects?10【例】The young officer distinguished himself many timesdistinct distikthe battle.【例】These two suggestions are quite distinct from ea

10、ch other.【例】There is a distinct improvement in your study.distinctiondistikn【例】A distinction should be made betn the prindsecondary contradictions.extinguishikstiwi extinct ikstikt【例】Some of the species of birds are extinct.extinctionkstkndegenerate didenreit detraindi:trein deprive dipraiv搭配 depriv

11、e sb. of sth.【例】deprive him of his civil rightsderive diraiv【例】Many english words derived from Latin.devote divut短語(yǔ) devote tong sth.【例】devote his life to helthe poor11前綴 deuniteju:nait union ju:njn【例】the union betunique ju:ni:kn the two parties；student union【例】unique opportunityuniformju:nif:m unive

12、rse ju:niv:suniversityUniversity of Cambridgecollegemedical collegeinstituteMassachusetts Institute of Technologymonotonous mntns =mono + ton（tone）+ ousmonologue mnl =mono + logue（talk）bicycle baisiklrecycleri:saikl【例】The glass of the bottle can be recycled.recyclablebimonthly baimnli12前綴 bi前綴 mono前

13、綴 uni【例】a bimonthly magazine 雙 bilingual balgwl combine kmbain【例】The two countries combined to fight against their common enemy.后綴 ategraduaterdjuit candidate kndidit advocate dvkeitsecretary sekrtri =secret + arycontemporary kntemprri =con（together）+ tempor（time）+ ary【例】Beethoven is contemporary wi

14、th Napoleon.【例】contemporary writerattitude titju:d【例】Attitude is everything.multitude mltitju:d短語(yǔ) a multitude of 大量的【例】There are a multitude of reasons against it后綴 ifypurify pjrfa13后綴 titudesimplify smplfabeautify bjtfaiunify junfaclassify klsfarectify rktfahumidify hju(:)midifai14第三部分說(shuō)文解詞transmitt

15、rnzmittransform trnsfrmtranslate trnslettransplanttrnsplnttransport trnsp:temitimit【例】The laser can emit beams.eliminateeradicateevaluateenormousemergeemigrateturbine t:bin渦輪機(jī)disturbdist:b vt.打擾,使焦慮,使煩惱perturbpt:b vt.使煩惱,不安15turb=stir 攪動(dòng)perfect p:fikt =per+fect(do)同根單詞：fact factorymanufacture詞以類(lèi)記：af

16、fecteffectinfecte=put 擺放e kmpuz v.組成，作曲，作圖，作文【例】England, Scotland and wales come the island of great Britain.kspz vt.，【例】Our skin is exed to the sunshine.e impuz vt.強(qiáng)加，施加imroduce ntrdju:s =ro（in）+duce（lead）reduce ridju:s =re（back）+duce（lead）produce prdju:s =pro（forward）+duce（lead）16duce=lead 引導(dǎo)execo

17、m詞以類(lèi)記：prolongprogressductn. 管道，導(dǎo)管conductv.引導(dǎo)，指揮conductorn.指揮家，乘務(wù)員，導(dǎo)體辨析：semiconductormisconductmisdeeddecide disaid詞以類(lèi)記 devotedefine同根單詞finitedefinedefinitiondefiniyconfineinfiniteinfinitipesticide pestisaid =pest+I+cide（cut）suicide sjuisaid【例】commit suicide引申：insecticidehomicide17cide=cut 切erviewrev

18、iewpreview詞以類(lèi)記predictindicatediciondicorcontradictiondictionaryinnovation nuveininnovateinnovativerenovate renveitautomatic :tmtik 自動(dòng)化的automation 自動(dòng)化automatedler machine ATMautomobile18auto 表示自己/自動(dòng)nov=newer=相互之間auto-reversereverseriv:s =re（again）+verse v.翻轉(zhuǎn)，逆轉(zhuǎn)，顛倒a.顛倒的，相反的converse knv:s a.相反的, 逆的adve

19、rse dv:s a.不利的,相反的，有害的，逆的引申adaptadjustadoptuniverse ju:niv:sreject ridekteject idektprojector prdektinject indektobject bdikt =ob（=against）+ jectsubject sbdikt =sub+ ject 向下扔，v.使.使受罪【 例 】 The parents are unwilling to subject their childrentotheunhappiness of divorce.19Ject=投擲/扔egraph grf =egraphauto

20、biography :tubairfiescope iskup =e + scope（范圍）scope【例】the scope of peoples imagination（了人們的想象）ivin =e + vi（圖象）vi的其他含義：視力，洞察力【例】a sesman with great vivisual viul 視覺(jué)的【例】visual effectvisible vizblinvisible invizblsupervise sju:pvaizsupervisorvisit vizitephone ifun =e + phone（phon=sound）microphone maikr

21、funsymphony simfni =sym（same）+ phon（sound）+ ysympathy simpi =sym + path（感情）+ ysymmetry simitri20vis 表示 seeevie=遠(yuǎn)的vacant veiknt【例】vacantt / horoom / parking placevacationvkein【搭配】on vacationevacuateivkjueit【例】The village was evacuated because of the floods.flufluent flu:nt【例】She can speak fluent Engl

22、ish.fluidflu:dinfluence influnsinfluential辨析：affect 和influencedescribe diskraibprescribe priskraib21scribe=writeflu=flowvac=vacu=empty 空inscribenskrabsubscribesbskraib【例】The subscriber you dial is busy now, please redial later.manuscript mnjuskriptcapital kpitlcaptain kptincapture kptcaptive kptvisk

23、eipesccapable keipbl【例】The company was not capable of handling such a big order.capacitykpsiti【例】She has great capacity of learning English.22cap=head,catch,holdassistant sistnt【例】A team of nurses assisted the doctors in performing the operation.resist rizist【例】resist tempion / infection/抗傳染resistan

24、t rizistnt【例】water resistant【例】resistant to the sol reformrizistnsto the disease【例】therzstbl 不可irresistible的insist insist =in + sistpersist psist =per （through）+ sist【例】The boy insisted on taking the case for the girl.【例】As a college student, we should persist inng physical exercisesin order to keep

25、 a healthy body.consist knsist =con（together）+sist 包含,包括【例】班有 100 名同學(xué)，可以表達(dá)為：Our class is comed of 100 students.Our class is made up of 100 students.Our class consists of 100 students.23sist=standinclude inklu:dexclude kskludconclude knklu:d【例】He concluded his lecture wiexclusive iksklu:sivfunny stor

26、y.【例】exclusiveerview【例】The bathroom is exclusive to the.tractor trktattract trkt【例】His new book has attracted a lot of public attention.attractionattractivedistract distrkt【例】The students are distracted by the noise outside.contract kntrkt【例】Metal contracts when itextract ikstrktes cool.金屬在降溫的時(shí)候會(huì)收縮2

27、4tract=pullclud=close=shut【例】extract the herbal essencesubtract sbtrkt【例】subtract 3 from 13 從 13 里面把 3 刨除出來(lái)affect fektaffection fekn【例】have an affection for sbeffect ifekt =ef（out）+ fect（do）affecve an effect on【例】Smoking has an effect on our health.吸煙影響健康【例】dual effect 雙重功效effective【例】effective meas

28、ures to reduce unemployment 有效降低失業(yè)率的方法infect infekt【例】He infected the whole class with his enthusiasm.他用他的熱情感染了全班infectious infeks=in + fect（do）+ ious【例】infectious disease 傳染性疾病perfect p:fikt =per（through）+ fectdefect difekt =de + fect（do）【例】a hearing defect 聽(tīng)覺(jué)上的缺陷25fect=do【例】defectshe education sys

29、tem 教育體系的缺陷assign sain【例】Thes assigns each of us a task.給每個(gè)人分配了一份工作?！纠縜ssign him to a newt 把他派到一個(gè)新的崗位assignment sant “作業(yè)，任務(wù)”resign rizain =re（again）+ signlegal li:l “合法的”legislator ledslet “者”legislation ledislein “”privilege privilidlogical ldikl “有邏輯的”，illogical“沒(méi)有邏輯的” literate litrit =liter（lett

30、er）+ at“識(shí)字的，有文化的” illiterate ltrt “不識(shí)字的，沒(méi)有文化的”literature litrit =liter（letter）+ ature“文學(xué)”liberal librl “開(kāi)明的，的”illiberal“不開(kāi)明的，心胸狹窄的”26Leg=law 法律sigh 表示簽字advent dvnt =ad（to）+ vent（come）【例】With the advent of computer, there is an essential changein ourdaily life.隨著電腦的到來(lái)，invent invent =in + vent的生活發(fā)生了非常

31、大的改變。inventorinventionprevent privent =pre + vent【例】Nobody can prevent us from getting married.沒(méi)有人能結(jié)婚。venturevent 名詞，動(dòng)詞“”【例】Nothing ventures, nothing gains.adventure dventnounpeakpronounce prnauns =pro（forward）+ nounpeak）動(dòng)詞：“發(fā)音，宣布，宣稱(chēng)”pronuntionannouncenauns動(dòng)詞“宣布，公之與眾”【例】They announced their date of

32、wedding to the public.他們向公眾宣27e布了結(jié)婚日期announcer“播音員”announcement 名詞“宣布，通告”claim kleim n/v 聲稱(chēng)，要求，【例】He made a claim on the insurance after the house fire.火災(zāi)過(guò)后，他根據(jù)自己的權(quán)利向保險(xiǎn)公司提出了索賠的要求?！纠縎he claimed ownership of the land.她要求得到這片土地的所proclaim prkleim =pro（forward）+ claim（cry）動(dòng)詞“正式宣布，”【例】proclaim the founda

33、tion of China了中國(guó)的成立exclaim ikskleim =ex（out）+ claim（cry）動(dòng)詞“呼喊，驚叫”【例】She exclaimed in delight when she saw the present.她看見(jiàn)時(shí)高興地叫了起來(lái)。acclaim kleim =ac（to）+ claim（cry）動(dòng)詞“歡呼，喝彩，用歡呼聲表示擁戴”【例】The amalgamation of universities is widely acclaimed.大學(xué)的合并受到了廣泛的歡迎。reclaim rikleim =re（back）+ claim（cry）動(dòng)詞“收回，回收，要求重

34、新利用”28索賠claim=cry 聲稱(chēng)/ 呼喊【例】reclaim the lost property 收回（丟失）的【例】reclaim an area from the sea 填海造田exit eksit =ex（out）+ it（go）visit vizit =vis（see）+ it（go）initiate iniieit =in（）+ it（go）+ I + ate動(dòng)詞“開(kāi)始,開(kāi)啟,發(fā)動(dòng)”【例】initiate a sol reform 發(fā)動(dòng)一個(gè)社會(huì)。其形容詞為 initial“最初的”【例】The initial talk form the basis of later agr

35、eement.最初的談話(huà)形成了后來(lái)協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)。其副詞為 initially“最初，開(kāi)始”【例】Initially, I oped the project, but later I changed my minds.開(kāi)始時(shí)我這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，但是后我改變了主意。其名詞為 initiative“主動(dòng)性，首創(chuàng)精神”，搭配 do sth.on ones owninitiative 主動(dòng)做某事transit trnsit =trans（across）+ it（go）動(dòng)詞“通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)”transition trnzin =trans（across）+ it（go）+ ation名詞“過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷”【例】the

36、 transition from childhood to adult 從童年過(guò)渡到成年29It=goduringdjuri介詞“在期間”duration djurein “持續(xù)時(shí)間”durable djurbl【例】durable material 耐用的材料endure indju【例】They endure tremendous hardship during their journey to the SouthPole.他們?cè)谌ツ蠘O的路途中忍受了巨大的痛苦。其名詞 endurance“持久，），耐久（性）”expense ikspens “花費(fèi)，消費(fèi)，消耗（普通用語(yǔ)）”expendit

37、ure ikspendit “花費(fèi)，消耗（正式用語(yǔ)）”penn “pen，金”indispensable ndispensbl =in + dis + pens（money）+ able“不可缺少的”press 表示擠/壓impressive impresiv =im + press + iveimpressimprescompress kmpres =com（together）+ press【例】compressed air30pens=moneydur 表示持續(xù)depress dipres =de（down）+ press“使壓抑，使沮喪，使經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條”【例】When business is

38、 depressed, there is usually an obvious increase inunemployment. 經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)有一個(gè)明顯的失業(yè)增長(zhǎng)。depres1“抑郁”2“經(jīng)濟(jì)”express ikspres =ex（out）+press【例】People express their feeling by means of words.人們借助語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)感情。memorize memraiz【例】I can memorize the poem very quickly.我可以快速背誦詩(shī)歌。Memorial“紀(jì)念的”，紀(jì)念碑”如 a memorial st一張紀(jì)念郵票comme

39、morate kmemreit =com（together）+ memor（memory）+ ate【例】This sue commemorates those who diedhe war.這個(gè)雕塑用于紀(jì)念那些中死去的人們。31memor=memorye kmpuz =com（together）+e（put）【例】Our class is comed of 300 students.班由 300 名同學(xué)組成。kmpzin1 作文，（音樂(lè)、美術(shù)、藝術(shù)）作品2 組成，成分（強(qiáng)調(diào)到底東西）【例】the chemical comition of the soil 土地的化學(xué)組成e puz =op（a

40、gainst）+e（put）【例】His father oped his plan to work abroad.他父親他出國(guó)讀書(shū)的計(jì)劃。kspz =ex（out）+e（put），dispuz =dis（away）+e（put）其名詞為 disal形容詞為 disablee impuz =im（in）+e（put）強(qiáng)加，施加【例】Thes imed tremendous prere on me.給我施加了巨大的壓力。prpuz =pro（forward）+e（put）提議，建議名詞 proal“建議，提議”32proeimdiseexeopcomitioncome=putit=putkmpzi

41、t =com（together）+it（put）+ e“組的，拼的，復(fù)的”【例】comitcture by all the childrenhe class 由班里所以孩子拼的圖畫(huà)ite pzit =op（against）+opite（put）1“相反的”，如 opite direction 相反的方向2 名詞“，相立物”，例：Black is the opite of white.黑與白是對(duì)立物。construct knstrkt =con（together）+ struct（build）destruct distrkn =de（down）+ struct（build）instruct ns

42、trkt =in + struct（build）obstruct bstrkt =ob（against）+ struct（build）動(dòng)詞“阻塞，妨礙”【例】obstruct the traffic 妨礙交通33struct=buildcomiteppleks =per（through）+ plex（fold），動(dòng)詞“使困惑，使糊涂，使費(fèi)解”【例】I was plexed by his contradictory behaviour.我被他自相的行為弄糊涂了。complex kmpleks =com（together）+ plex（fold）“復(fù)雜的”，如 a complex system /

43、 theory / subject 一個(gè)復(fù)雜的體系 / 理論 / 學(xué)科其名詞為 complexity“復(fù)雜（性），復(fù)雜的事物”【例】a political problem of great complexity 具有很大復(fù)雜性的政治問(wèn)題complicate kmplket =com（together）+ plic（fold）+ ate“使錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜”【例】The political situation was complicated by the outbreak of theterrorist activity.勢(shì)由于主義活動(dòng)的爆發(fā)而變得十分復(fù)雜。其形容詞為 complicated“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的

44、”，與 complex 是同義詞【例】a complicated diagram 一張復(fù)雜的圖表implication mplikein =im + plic（fold）+ation 名詞“暗示，含義”【例】Whats the implication of the sement.這份的含義是什么？34plexplex，plic，ply=fold 折疊imply implai =im + ply 動(dòng)詞“暗示，含的意思”【例】What does the author implyhe passage.作者在文章中暗示了什么？comply kmplai =com（together）+ ply（fold

45、）動(dòng)詞（with）“照做，遵照，服從”【例】The factory was closed for failing to comply withernmentregulations.由于未能遵守的規(guī)定，工廠(chǎng)被迫關(guān)閉。central sentrleccentric iksentrik =ec（out）+ centr（centre）+ ic【例】eccentric behviour 古怪的行為concentrate knsntreit =con（together）+ centr（centre）+ ate【例】I cant concentrate on my mind when I getgry.當(dāng)我

46、饑餓的時(shí)候我是沒(méi)有辦法集中的。motion mun “運(yùn)動(dòng)，移動(dòng)”【例】You must not get out of the car when it isotion.汽車(chē)行駛的時(shí)候千萬(wàn)不能下車(chē)。emotion imun =e（out）+motion“感情，情緒”remote rimut =re（back）+ mot（move）+ e35mot=movecentr= centre【例】remote controlmotivatemutiveit【例】The murder was motivated by hatred.這起謀殺是由于激起的?！纠縨otivate the child to st

47、udy hard 激發(fā)孩子去努力學(xué)習(xí)promote prmut =pro（forword）+ mot（move）+e 【例】promote world peace 推動(dòng)世界和平【例】Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.的老師已經(jīng)升為校長(zhǎng)?！纠緿o you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product?如何來(lái)推銷(xiāo)這種產(chǎn)品你好辦法嗎？promotion prmnaccount kauntaccountant kauntntinhabitantservantresident36算co

48、unt 表示數(shù)/計(jì)discount diskaunt =dis+ count【例】discount of 10 percentcounterencounter inkaunt =en + counter同義詞 confront詞以類(lèi)記counteractcountermeasurecounterbalancecountartreceiverisi:vconceive knsi:v =con（together）+ ceive（take）【例】Scientist conceived the idea of atomic bomb in 1930s.科學(xué)家在二十世紀(jì)三十年代就構(gòu)想出的想法?！纠縃alf a century ago its difficult to conceive of traveling to the moo