如何進(jìn)行英語高考詞匯復(fù)習(xí)

1、如何進(jìn)行英語高考詞匯的復(fù)習(xí) 2021/8/8 星期日1 歷屆高考，從單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)、書面表達(dá)乃至閱讀理解的考查無不轉(zhuǎn)化為詞匯的考查，為幫助高三的學(xué)生能有目的地、有計(jì)劃地復(fù)習(xí)單詞，爭(zhēng)取用較短時(shí)間取得較大的學(xué)習(xí)效益，本文從詞匯的語法、習(xí)語、辨析等三方面來談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)。以期拋磚引玉，希望同學(xué)們能夠靈活地按照此法對(duì)高考詞匯進(jìn)行分類總結(jié)。2021/8/8 星期日2 一、從用法上歸納復(fù)習(xí)詞匯：過語法關(guān) 英語詞匯大多除具有本義外，還有語法功能，我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)不要把著眼點(diǎn)僅僅放在單純的詞義記憶上，還要從它們的語法意義上去記憶。如在復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們就要根據(jù)它的形式變化多、搭配靈活等特點(diǎn)去進(jìn)行分

2、類記憶，將某些相關(guān)的語法內(nèi)容融入動(dòng)詞記憶之中。1. 賓語不同，意義不同的動(dòng)詞 英語中有些動(dòng)詞（短語）后面既可以接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但意義不同。例如： 考例I usually go there by train. why not _ by boat for a change. (MET92)A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 2021/8/8 星期日3go on doing sth. （繼續(xù)干同一件事）, go on to do sth. （繼續(xù)去干另一件事）; stop doing sth. （停止

3、正在干的事）, stop to do sth.（停下來去干某事）;forget doing sth.（忘記已做過的事）, forget to do sth.（忘記了要干某事）; remember doing sth. （記得做過某事）, remember to do sth.（記著要做某事）; mean doing sth.（意味著干.）, mean to do sth.（打算/想干.）; try doing sth. （嘗試做.）, try to do sth.（設(shè)法做.）2021/8/8 星期日4考例 They would not allow him _ across the enemy

4、line. A. to risk going B. risking going C. for risk to go D. risk going 2. 賓語和賓補(bǔ)形式不同的動(dòng)詞 某些動(dòng)詞如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等，其后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但接不定式作賓語。試比較：（1）We forbid smoking here.（2）We forbid you to smoke here.3. 賓語不同，語態(tài)不同的動(dòng)詞 有少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞如need, require, want等，其后既可以接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。

5、例如：2021/8/8 星期日5考例 This sentence needs _ . ( MET85) A. an improving B. improve C. improving D. improved（1）The classroom needs cleaning.= The classroom needs to be cleaned.(classroom 與clean 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)（2）They need to buy a new dictionary. (they 與buy是主謂關(guān)系)2021/8/8 星期日64. 后面只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組 這類動(dòng)詞和詞組主要有mind,

6、risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, miss, excuse, imagine, look forward to, cant help, keep (on), be/get used to, be worth, put off, give up, get down to, devote . to, feel like 等?？祭?I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had tim

7、e B. having time C. to have time D. to having time2021/8/8 星期日7 5. 后面只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞和詞組 這類動(dòng)詞和詞組主要有decide, except, refuse, wish, hope, order, agree, promise, pretend, offer, help, would love / like等。考例 We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met

8、She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 6. 含“被動(dòng)”意義的動(dòng)詞 如有些動(dòng)詞sell, open, close, wash, teach, burn, measure, wear, cook, write, last, pay, drive, drink, read, cut, number, weigh, prove, hang等，它們的主語是事物，且又和表示主語的固有特征、狀態(tài)或行為方式狀語連用時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形

9、式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：1)This dress wears very well.（這衣服耐穿）2) The sign reads as follows.（這牌子告示如下）3) The book sells well.（這書銷路很好）2021/8/8 星期日87. 半系動(dòng)詞 半系動(dòng)詞可用名詞、不定式、分詞、形容詞等作表語，這類詞有： a) 表示感官的系動(dòng)詞: look, sound, taste, smell, feel（以上詞只接形容詞作表語）, appear, seem 等。 b) 表示變化的系動(dòng)詞:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall

10、等。 c) 表示依舊的系動(dòng)詞: remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, lie 等?？祭?These oranges taste _ . ( MET91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be wellBe careful when you cross this very busy street. if not, you may _ run over by a car. (2002北京) A. have B. get C. become D. turn析：此處get+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示“遭遇”的意思。2021/8/8 星期

11、日98. 具有兩種形式的易混動(dòng)詞： 中學(xué)英語教材中有些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有兩種分詞和兩種過去時(shí)形式，在使用時(shí)極易弄混，例如：hang-hanged-hanged（絞死）hang-hung-hung（掛起）light-lit-lit（點(diǎn)燃，作謂語）light-lighted-lighted（燃燒著的，作定語）drink-drank-drunk（喝）drink-drank-drunken（喝醉了的，作定語）lie-lied-lied-lying（撒謊）lie-lay-lain-lying（躺、臥、位于）lay-laid-laid-laying（放、置；產(chǎn)卵、下蛋）考例 Do you know the bo

12、y _ under the big tree? (MET89) A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying2021/8/8 星期日10二、從搭配上復(fù)習(xí)、歸納詞匯：過習(xí)語關(guān) 英語詞匯的搭配十分活躍，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，我們要把重點(diǎn)放在某些常用的動(dòng)詞、名詞、介詞、副詞上。我們可以按下列方式進(jìn)行對(duì)比歸納。1. 常用的搭配活躍的名詞。如：time, way, moment等?，F(xiàn)將與time搭配的常用短語歸納如下： in no time（立刻、馬上）; at no time（決不、永不）; at times（有時(shí)）; at all times（時(shí)刻、一直）; in time（及時(shí)、遲早）;

13、 at a time（一次）; at one time（曾經(jīng)）;behind time（遲到）; on time（按時(shí)）; behind the time（落伍）; after a time（過了片刻）; for a time（一度）考例 If you keep on, you will succeed _ . ( NMET 93) A. in time B. at one time C. on time D. at the same time2021/8/8 星期日112. 常用的搭配活躍的動(dòng)詞。如：look, take, make, give, have, go, do, turn, pu

14、t, set, come, break等，這些動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞的搭配十分活躍。如動(dòng)詞get常見的搭配有： get rid of （擺脫; 去掉）; get through （通過; 接通）; get up （起床）; get down to （開始; 著手做）; get out （逃離）; get away（躲避; 脫身）; get over（克服困難）; get in （收割; 進(jìn)入; 到站）; get off （下車）; get out of（擺脫; 逃避）; get back（回來; 找回）; get together（聚會(huì)）; get along（進(jìn)行; 進(jìn)展; 與相處）考例 I re

15、ally dont want to go to the party but I dont see how I can _ it . ( MET92) A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off 析：該句的意思是“我真是不想?yún)⒓舆@場(chǎng)晚會(huì)，但不知如何躲避才好。”get out of 和get away都有“躲避，逃避”的意思，但get away后面不跟賓語，故該題答案為B。2021/8/8 星期日123. 常用的搭配活躍的介詞、副詞。 如in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over,

16、with等。在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，我們要將不同動(dòng)詞或名詞與同一介詞、副詞搭配的詞組逐一列出。(1) 與動(dòng)詞的搭配。下面以u(píng)p為例： bring up（嘔吐；撫養(yǎng)）; look up（向上看，查找）; turn up （出現(xiàn)，放大音量）; make up（組成，彌補(bǔ)）; take up（從事，占有）; catch up（趕上）; give up （放棄）; keep up (with sb. )（跟上）; build up（增進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)）; get up（起床）; set up（建立，創(chuàng)辦）; pick up（拾起，接收）; send up（發(fā)射）; break up（打碎，拆散，驅(qū)散）考例Would you

17、 slow down a bit, please? I cant _ you. A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to2021/8/8 星期日13(2) 與名詞的搭配。下面以in為例： in sight（在視野之內(nèi)）; in a word（總之）; in other words（換句話說）; in words（用語言）; in case（以防，萬一）; in all（總共）; in public（當(dāng)眾）; in trouble(有麻煩）; in the end（最后）; in search of（尋找） in sur

18、prise（驚訝）; in charge of ( 負(fù)責(zé)）; in common（相同）; in need of（需要）; in the distance（在遠(yuǎn)處）考例 For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree _ . ( 97上海) A. in sight B. on earth C. at a distance D. in place2021/8/8 星期日14三、從同義詞（組）復(fù)習(xí)詞匯：過辨析關(guān)1. 分清動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞和結(jié)果動(dòng)詞。英語中有些動(dòng)詞（詞組）雖然意義相同，但用法

19、不同，有的表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作，而另一個(gè)則表示該動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。例如： look for（尋找）- find（找到）look（看）- see（看見）listen（聽）- hear （聽見）receive（收到）- accept（接受）try（嘗試;努力）- manage（設(shè)法做到）advise（勸說;勸告）- persuade（勸服）考例 How can you _ if you are not _ ? ( MET87) A. listen; hearing B. hear; listening C. be listening; heard D. be hearing; listened to 20

20、21/8/8 星期日152. 分清含義不同的同義詞。 What did you think of her speech? She _ for one hour but didnt _ much . A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. said; say析：say 和 speak 都有 “說”的意思，但含義不同。speak意為make a speech（演講），強(qiáng)調(diào)說的動(dòng)作，方式；say 強(qiáng)調(diào)講話的內(nèi)容。故該題答案為B 。3. 分清詞序不同意思不同的詞。 英語中少量詞組顛倒詞序后意思和用法不同，例如： before long（不久以后） - long before（很久以前） turn in（上交；上繳）- in turn（按秩序，輪流） good for（對(duì)有好處）- for good（永遠(yuǎn)） much too（非常, 修飾形容詞或副詞）- too much（太多, 修飾名詞）It was _ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore, we called a taxi. A. too ve