新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學習筆記：Lesson33

1、新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學習筆記:Lesson33【課文】First listen and then answer the following question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。Why is education democratic in bookless, tribal societies?Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, dep

2、rived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states invest in institutions of learning to get back interest, in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of inst

3、ruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks - those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births - but our spiritual outlook would be different.

4、 We would lay less stress on facts and figures and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of college imaginable. Among tr

5、ibal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the equal start which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primiti

6、ve cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no illiterates - if the term can be applied to peoples without a script - while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, an

7、d is still non-existent in a number of civilized nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the happy few during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All

8、 are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parent; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no ,juvenile delinquency. No necessi

9、ty of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to buy an education for his child.JULIUS E. LIPS The Origin of Things【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】adverse adj.不利的purchasable adj.可買到的preacher n.傳教士defendant n.被告outlook n.視野capacit

10、y n. 能力democratic adj. 民主的tribal n.部落的tribe n.部落illiterate n. 文盲compulsory adj. 義務的deem v. 認為means n.方法，手段，財產，資力hamper v.妨礙savannah n.大草原juvenile adj. 青少年delinquency n. 犯罪【課文注釋】adverse adj.不利的，逆向的，有害的例句： The development was adverse to our interests.這種發(fā)展與我們的利益背道而馳。【詞義辨析】opposite, contrary, adverse, r

11、everse, converse 這些形容詞均含“相 反的、對立的”之意。opposite:指位置、方向、行動或想法等完全相反。contrary: 一般指與某種主張、看法或行為等正好相反，隱含否定一方并 不意味著肯定另一方的意味。adverse:通常指違害利益的、無生命的勢力或條件等，側重分歧。reverse:指朝相反方向的或反面（背面）的。converse:指在方向、行動或意見上相反的。deprive of剝奪，使失去.（權利）例句：What will a student do if he were deprived of his books?一個學生如果沒有了書籍，將怎么辦？deprive

12、 vt v.剝奪，失去，免職例句： We have no right to deprive their life.我們沒有權利去剝奪它們的生命?！驹~義辨析】rob, steal, plunder, deprive這些動詞均含“偷，搶，奪之意。rob:最常用詞，指用暴力恐嚇或哄騙等非法手段搶奪財物。steal:普通用詞，指暗中行竊。plunder:指大規(guī)?；虼蠓秶芈訆Z。deprive:多指奪去或扣留別人擁有或可能擁有的有價值或必需的東西，也 可用于指抽象的事物。Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out,

13、punctuated by textbooks 這句話中的主語 Education 與 punctuated 并 不是一種主謂關系，因此，這句話在語法上被稱作單元句。punctuate v.加標點于例句：The children have not yet learned to punctuate correctly.這些小學生尚未學會正確使用標點符號強調例句：He made gestures to punctuate his speech.他打手勢來強調他的講話。不時打斷例句：He punctuated his remarks with thumps on the table.他講話時不時地捶

14、著桌子。4.So much is certainb有承上啟下的作用，一方面回答了前一段的最 后一句的提問，另一方面開始列舉沒有教育將會給社會文明帶來的影響。blay stress on 強調（著重，重視）例句：They lay too much stress on money.他們太看重金錢了。capacity n.能力例句：He has a great capacity for learning languages.他學語言的能力很強。容量，容積例句：What is the capacity of this jug?這個水壺的容積多大？職位，資格例句：He participated in a

15、n unofficial capacity.他參與了一個非官方的職位。She alone was in a capacity to begin the negotiation.只有她有資格開始談判?！驹~義辨析】ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude這些名詞均可表示人的能力，才能”之意。ability:普通用詞，指人先天的或學來的各種能力。capacity :側重指人的潛在能力，通常不指體力，多指才智，尤指接受與 領悟能力。capability:多用于人，指勝任某項具體工

16、作的能力，也指本身具有、尚 未發(fā)揮的潛在能力。常與of或for連用。genius:語氣，指天賦的高度才能與智力。talent:著重指人某方面具有可發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)的突出天賦才能，但語意比 genius 弱。competence:正式用詞，側重指令人滿意的業(yè)務能力與水平，達到勝任某 項工作等的要求。faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。gift:著重個人的天賦的才能或在某方面的顯著本領，常暗含不能用一般 規(guī)律作解釋的意味。aptitude:多指先天或后天習得的運用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力強， 能迅速掌握一種學術訓練或藝術技巧。be fashioned after 按做成例句：Her new dress

17、 was fashioned after a latest style.她的新衣服是根據一種最新款式制作的。bind v.約束，強迫例句： I am bound by my promise.我必須遵守自己的諾言。The treaty binds each country to reduce pollution levels.該條約迫使各國減少污染排放。捆綁例句：She bound her hair with a handkerchief.她用手絹把頭發(fā)扎了起來。This hint was hard enough to bind my hands.這個暗示已經夠使我束手無策了。without a

18、 script 沒有文字的deem v.認為例句：They were deemed to be illegal immigrants.他們被認為是不法移民。They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.他們認為他沒有能力再繼續(xù)管理這個公司了。be entitled to 有權，有資格例句：You are entitled to a free lunch.你們有資格享用免費午餐一次。You may be entitled to reclaim some of the tax you paid last year.你或許有權要求退回去年你交付的部分稅金。hamper vt.妨礙，阻止例句：Our progress was hampered by the bad weather.我們前進時受到了惡劣天氣的阻礙。juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪【參考譯文】教育是我們這個時代的關鍵詞之一。我們許多人都相信，一個沒有受過教 育的人，是逆境的犧牲品，被剝奪了 20世紀的越的機會之一?，F(xiàn)代國家深深懂 得教育的重要性，對教育機構投資，收回的利息便是培養(yǎng)出大批有知識的 男女青年，這些人可能成為未來的棟梁。教育，以其教學周期如此精心地